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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2022年第8期31卷 580-587,I0016页

作者： Kahyun Ham Jaewon lee Kiyoung lee Jaeyoung Lee School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology(GIST)123 Cheomdangwagi-RoGwangju 61005South Korea International Future Research Center of Chemical Energy Storage and Conversion Processes GIST123 Cheomdangwagi-RoGwangju 61005South Korea Ertl Center for Electrochemical and Catalysis GIST123 Cheomdangwagi-RoGwangju 61005South Korea Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Inha University100 Inha-RoIncheon 22212South Korea

Electrochemical water splitting is one of the most reliable approaches for environmental-friendly hydrogen production.Because of their stability and abundance,Mn-based materials have been studied as electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction(OER),which is a more sluggish reaction in the water splitting system.To increase the OER activity of Mn,it is imperative to facilitate the structural change of Mn oxide to the active phase with Mn_(3)+species,known as the active site.Here,we present the relationship between the electronic conductivity in the catalyst layer and the formation of the Mn active phase,δ-MnO_(2),from wrinkled Mn(OH)_(2).Mn(OH)_(2) has poor conductivity,and it disrupts the oxidation reaction toward MnOOH orδ-MnO_(2).Adjacent conductive carbon to Mn(OH)_(2) enabled Mn(OH)_(2) to be oxidized toδ-MnO_(2).Furthermore,after repetitive cyclic voltammetry activation,the more conductive environment resulted in a higher density ofδ-MnO_(2) through the irreversible phase transition,and thus it contributes to the improvement of the OER activity.

关键词： Hydrogen production Oxygen evolution reaction Anion exchange membrane water electrolysis Anodization Manganese oxide

Iridium oxide fabrication and application: A review

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2020年第7期29卷 152-172,I0005页

作者： Hansaem Jang Jaeyoung Lee Electrochemical Reaction&Technology Laboratory(ERTL) School of Earth Sciences and Environmental EngineeringGwangju Institute of Science and Technology(GIST)Gwangju 61005Republic of Korea Ertl Center for Electrochemistry and Catalysis GRIGISTGwangju 61005Republic of Korea

Despite the scarcity and cost of iridium oxide,it is still the material of choice in numerous fields of science and applications,including capacitors,electrochromism,sensors,and various oxidation electrocatalysis(e.g.,chlorine evolution reaction,detoxification,and oxygen evolution reaction).Such versatility is attributed to the distinct features of iridium oxides,such as their activity,biocompatibility,conductivity,and durability.The features and properties of iridium oxides are strongly dependent on the fabrication method.In this review,methodologies relating to the synthesis and fabrication of solid-state iridium oxides have been thoroughly collected and discussed.Structuring and crystallization techniques for iridium oxides are also noted.At the end of the review,the effects of utilizing a certain fabrication method on the characteristics of the iridium oxide product are recapitulated,together with the recommended application of the product in various fields.

关键词： Iridium oxide Iridium dioxide Electrode Electrocatalyst Electrochromism pH sensor Oxygen evolution reaction

Biomass-derived bifunctional electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction and evolution reaction: A review

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2022年第2期31卷 149-172页

作者： Satpal Singh Sekhon Jaeyoung Lee Jin-Soo Park Future Environment and Energy Research Institute Sangmyung UniversityCheonan 31066Republic of Korea Department of Physics Guru Nanak Dev UniversityAmritsar 143005India Ertl Center for Electrochemistry and Catalysis Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology123 Cheomdangwagi-roBuk-guGwangju 61005Republic of Korea Department of Green Chemical Engineering College of EngineeringSangmyung UniversityCheonan 31066Republic of Korea

Oxygen electrode catalysts are important as inter-conversion of O_(2) and H_(2)O is crucial for energy technologies.However,the sluggish kinetics of oxygen reduction and evolution reactions(ORR and OER)are a hindrance to their scalable production,whereas scarce and costly Pt and Ir/Ru-based catalysts with the highest electrocatalytic activity are commercially unviable.Since good ORR catalysts are not always efficient for OER and vice versa,so bifunctional catalysts on which OER and ORR occurs on the same electrode are very desirable.Alternative catalysts based on heteroatom-doped carbon nanomaterials,though showed good electrocatalytic activity yet their high cost and complex synthesis is not viable for scalable production.To overcome these drawbacks,biomass-derived heteroatom-doped porous carbons have recently emerged as low-cost,earth-abundant,renewable and sustainable environment-friendly materials for bifunctional oxygen catalysts.The tunable morphology,mesoporous structure and high concentration of catalytic active sites of these materials due to heteroatom(N)-doping could further enhance their ORR and OER activity,along with tolerance to methanol crossover and good durability.Thus,biomassderived heteroatom-doped porous carbons with large surface area,rich edge defects,numerous micropores and thin 2 D nanoarchitecture could be suitable as efficient bifunctional oxygen catalysts.In the present article,synthesis,N-doping,ORR/OER mechanism and electrocatalytic performance of biomassderived bifunctional catalysts has been discussed.The selected biomass(chitin,eggs,euonymus japonicas,tobacco,lysine and plant residue)except wood,act as both C and N precursor,resulting in N selfdoping of porous carbons that avoids the use of toxic chemicals,thus making the synthesis a facile and environment-friendly green process.The synthetic strategy could be further optimized to develop future biomass-based N self-doped porous carbons as metal-free high performance bifunctional oxygen catalysts for commercial energy applications

关键词： Bifunctional catalysts Biomass ORR OER N-doping Porous carbons

Interactive effects between travel behaviour and COVID-19:a questionnaire study

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Transportation Safety and Environment 2021年第2期3卷 166-177页

作者： Jinbao Zhang Jaeyoung Lee School of Traffic and Transportation Engineering Central South UniversityChangsha 410075China

This study has two main objectives:(i)to analyse the effect of travel characteristics on the spreading of disease,and(ii)to determine the effect of COVID-19 on travel behaviour at the individual level.First,the study analyses the effect of passenger volume and the proportions of different modes of travel on the spread of COVID-19 in the early stage.The developed spatial autoregressive model shows that total passenger volume and proportions of air and railway passenger volumes are positively associated with the cumulative confirmed cases.Second,a questionnaire is analysed to determine changes in travel behaviour after COVID-19.The results indicate that the number of total trips considerably decreased.Public transport usage decreased by 20.5%,while private car usage increased by 6.4%.Then the factors affecting the changes in travel behaviour are analysed by logit models.The findings reveal significant factors,including gender,occupation and travel restriction.It is expected that the findings from this study would be helpful for management and control of traffic during a pandemic.

关键词： COVID-19 transportation system questionnaire survey disease spread pandemic

Electro-oxidation of mixed reactants of ethanol and formate on Pd/C in alkaline fuel cells

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2016年第4期25卷 683-690页

作者： Myounghoon Choun Jaeyoung Lee Electrochemical Reaction and Technology Laboratory School of Environmental Science and Engineering GIST Ertl Center for Electrochemistry and Catalysis Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Energies (RISE) GIST

Direct ethanol fuel cells have attracted attention as an alternative energy technology due to several advantages such as high theoretical energy density and abundant supply of ethanol.In spite of the advantages,commercialization of direct ethanol fuel cells is hampered by the relatively low performance caused by its slow oxidation kinetics and difficulty of complete oxidation.In this study,formate,which has relatively faster oxidation kinetics,was mixed with ethanol to compensate the latter’s sluggish kinetics.Effects of p H,concentration,scan rate,and temperature on the mixed reactants oxidation on Pd were investigated by electrochemical experiments such as potential sweep and potentiostatic methods.Furthermore,the potential of the mixed reactants as fuel was evaluated by single cell experiments.As a result,we demonstrate that mixing formate with ethanol results in enhanced power performance in a single cell system.

关键词： Ethanol Formate Mixed reactants Alkaline media Palladium Electro-oxidation

High-temperature liquid Sn-air energy storage cell

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2015年第5期24卷 614-619页

作者： HyungKuk Ju Jaeyoung Lee ERTL Center for Electrochemistry and Catalysis Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Energies (RISE) Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology Electrochemical Reaction and Technology Laboratory (ERTL) School of Environmental Science and Engineering Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology

A new type of a high temperature liquid metal-air energy storage cell based on solid oxide electrolyte has been successfully demonstrated at 750 ℃ by feeding metal Sn. In order to understanding the initial size effect of metal as a liquid fuel, we report here the impact of the thermal and electrochemical oxidation behavior of nano Sn （-100 nm）, comparing with micro-sized （-5 μm） and macro-sized （4350 μm） Sn. The thermogravimetric analysis and the monitoring OCV test indicate that the distinct property of nano-sized Sn results in a favorable thermal oxidation behavior near the melting point and a promising power performance due to enhanced fuel transport to the anode. However, the accumulated Sn oxide at the reaction interface during a discharge test towards the limitation of further electrochemical oxidation.

关键词： Nano tin Metal-air battery Solid oxide electrolyte Thermal oxidation Discharge behavior

Recent advances in water-splitting electrocatalysts based on manganese oxide

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Carbon Resources Conversion 2019年第3期2卷 242-255页

作者： Vijay SKumbhar Hyeonkwon lee Jaeyoung Lee Kiyoung lee School of Nano&Materials Science and Engineering Kyungpook National University2559 Gyeongsang-daeroSangjuGyeongbukSouth Korea Research Institute of Environmental Science&Technology Kyungpook National University80 Daehak-roBuk-guDaeguSouth Korea School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering Ertl Center for Electrochemistry and CatalysisGwangju Institute of Science and Technology(GIST)Gwangju 61005South Korea

The oxygen evolution reaction(OER)of electrochemical water splitting represents a source of hydrogen(H_(2))energy.Precious-metal-based RuO_(x)and IrO_(x)are expensive and degrade in the presence of electrolyte;thus,the development of low-cost and eco-friendly OER electrocatalysts is needed.This review summarizes the recent status of the nonprecious manganese metal-oxide-based electrocatalysts with reference to nanostructure,defect engineering,hybrid composite formation,and core-shell formation to achieve efficient OER performance.In particular,we focus on the strategies used to lower the onset potential and the Tafel slope of the water oxidation process.Future prospects for the development of manganese-oxide-based electrocatalysts are discussed.

关键词： Hydrogen energy Manganese oxide Oxygen evolution reaction Nanostructures,Core-shell

Hazard-based duration modelling of merging time interval on freeway on-ramps

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Transportation Safety and Environment 2023年第1期5卷 8-17页

作者： Ye Li Jichen Zhu Md Mazharul Haque Jaeyoung Lee School of Traffic and Transportation Engineering Central South UniversityChangsha 410075HunanChina Key Laboratory of Road and Traffic Engineering of Ministry of Education Tongji UniversityShanghai 201804China School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Queensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQLD 4001Australia.

Freeway on-ramps suffer high crash risks due to frequent merging behaviours.This study developed hazard-based duration models to investigate the merging time interval on freeway on-ramps based on microscopic trajectory data.Fixed effect,random effect and random parameters Weibull distributed accelerated failure time models were developed to capture merging time as a function of various dynamic variables.The random parameters model was found to outperform the two counterparts since the unobserved heterogeneity of individual drivers was captured.Modelling estimation results indicate that drivers along the merging section with an auxiliary lane perform a smooth merging process and are easily affected by speed variables.Dynamics of leading and following vehicles on the merging and target lanes are found to influence the merging time interval for merging without an auxiliary lane,whereas the influence of surrounding vehicles ismarginal for thosewith an auxiliary lane.The findings of this study identify potential countermeasures for improving safety during the merging process.

关键词： hazard-based duration model on-ramp merging trajectory data freeway safety

Selective conversion of N_(2) to NH_(3) on highly dispersed RuO_(2) using amphiphilic ionic liquid-anchored fibrous carbon structure

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2022年第4期31卷 474-482页

作者： Kahyun Ham Muhammad Salman Sunki Chung Minjun Choi HyungKuk Ju Hye Jin lee Jaeyoung Lee School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology(GIST)123 Cheomdangwagi-RoGwangju 61005South Korea International Future Research Center of Chemical Energy Storage and Conversion Processes GIST123 Cheomdangwagi-RoGwangju 61005South Korea Ertl Center for Electrochemical and Catalysis GIST123 Cheomdangwagi-RoGwangju 61005South Korea Department of Chemistry and Green-Nano Materials Research Center Kyungpook National University80 Daehak-RoDaegu-city 41566South Korea Hydrogen Research Department Korea Institute of Energy Research152 Gajeong-RoYuseong-guDaejeon 34129South Korea

Ammonia (NH_(3)) plays a key role in the agricultural fertilizer and commodity chemical industries and is useful for exploring hydrogen storage carriers.The electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) is receiving attention as an environmentally sustainable NH_(3) synthesis replacement for the traditional Haber–Bosch process owing to its near ambient reaction conditions (<100℃ and 1 atm).However,its NH_(3) yield and faradaic efficiency are extremely low because of the sluggish kinetics of N≡N bond dissociation and the hindrance from competitive hydrogen evolution.To overcome these challenges,we herein introduce a dual-functionalized ionic liquid (1-(4-hydroxybutyl)-3-methylimidazolium hydroxide[HOBIM]OH) for a highly dispersed ruthenium oxide electrocatalyst to achieve a biased NRR.The observed uniform distribution of RuO_(2) on the carbon fiber and increase in the surface area for N_(2) adsorption by limiting proton access can be attributed to the presence of imidazolium ions.Moreover,extensive N_(2) adsorption contributes to enhanced NRR selectivity with an NH_(3) yield of 3.0×10^(-10)mol cm^(-2)s^(-1)(91.8μg h^(-1)mg^(-1)) and a faradaic efficiency of 2.2%at-0.20 V_(RHE).We expect our observations to provide new insights into the design of effective electrode structures for electrochemical NH;synthesis.

关键词： Ammonia synthesis Nitrogen reduction reaction Imidazolium-based ionic liquid Ruthenium oxide

How has COVID-19 changed trip patterns by purpose in China?

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Transportation Safety and Environment 2022年第4期4卷 76-87页

作者： Enru Zhou Jaeyoung Lee School of Traffic&Transportation Engineering Central South UniversityChangsha 410075HunanChina Department of Civil Environmental&Construction EngineeringUniversity of Central FloridaOrlandoFL 32816USA.

COVID-19 has upended the whole world. Due to travel restrictions by governments and increased perceived risks of the disease, therehave been significant changes in social activities and travel patterns. This paper investigates the effects of COVID-19 on changes toindividuals’ travel patterns, particularly for travel purposes. An online questionnaire survey was conducted in China, which incorporatesquestions about individuals’ sociodemographic and travel characteristics in three different periods of COVID-19 (i.e. before theoutbreak, at the peak and after the peak;the peak here refers to the peak of the pandemic in China, between the end of January and1 May, 2020). The results show that trip frequency decreased sharply from the outbreak until the peak, and drastically increased afterthe peak. Nevertheless, the data fromthis study suggests that it has not fully recovered to the level before the outbreak. Subsequently,a series of random parameters bivariate Probit models for changes in travel patterns were estimated with personal characteristics.The findings demonstrate that during the peak of the pandemic, residents who did not live in more developed cities reached lowfrequencytravel patterns more quickly. For travel purposes, residents of Wuhan, China resumed travelling for work, entertainmentand buy necessities at a much higher rate than other cities. After the peak, students’ travel for work, entertainment and to buy necessitiesrecovered significantly faster than for other occupations. The findings would be helpful for establishing effective policies tocontrol individual travel and minimize disease spread in a possible future pandemic.

关键词： COVID-19 trip purpose travel pattern questionnaire survey bivariate Probit model