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Acoustofluidic separation of prolate and spherical micro-objects

Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2024年第1期10卷 217-230页

作者： Muhammad Soban Khan Mushtaq Ali Song Ha lee Keun Young Jang seong jae lee Jinsoo Park Department of Mechanical Engineering Chonnam National University77 Yongbong-roBuk-guGwangju 61186Republic of Korea Department of Polymer Engineering The University of Suwon17 Wauan-gilBongdam-eupHwaseongGyeonggi 18323Republic of Korea

Most microfluidic separation techniques rely largely on object size as a separation *** ability to separate micro-objects based on their shape is crucial in various biomedical and chemical ***,we develop an ondemand,label-free acoustofluidic method to separate prolate ellipsoids from spherical microparticles based on traveling surface acoustic wave-induced acoustic radiation force and *** freely rotating non-spherical microobjects were aligned under the progressive acoustic field by the counterrotating radiation torque,and the major axis of the prolate ellipsoids was parallel to the progressive wave *** specific alignment of the ellipsoidal particles resulted in a reduction in the cross-sectional area perpendicular to the wave *** a consequence,the acoustic backscattering decreased,resulting in a decreased magnitude of the radiation *** the variation in radiation force,which depended on the micro-object morphology enabled the acoustofluidic shape-based *** conducted numerical simulations for the wave scattering of spherical and prolate objects to elucidate the working mechanism underlying the proposed method.A series of experiments with polystyrene microspheres,prolate ellipsoids,and peanut-shaped microparticles were performed for *** quantitative analysis of the separation efficiency,we confirmed the high purity and high recovery rate of the proposed acoustofluidic shapebased separation of *** a bioparticle,we utilize Thalassiosira eccentrica to perform shape-based separation,as the species has a variety of potential applications in drug delivery,biosensing,nanofabrication,bioencapsulation and immunoisolation.

关键词： separation spherical rotating

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Significance of adverse outcome pathways in biomarker-based environmental risk assessment in aquatic organisms

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2015年第9期27卷 115-127页

作者： Jin Wuk lee Eun-Ji Won Sheikh Raisuddin jae-seong lee Department of Biological Science College of Science Sungkyunkwan University Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology Hamdard University

In environmental risk assessments（ERA）, biomarkers have been widely used as an early warning signal of environmental contamination. However, biomarker responses have limitation due to its low relevance to adverse outcomes（e.g., fluctuations in community structure, decreases in population size, and other similar ecobiologically relevant indicators of community structure and function）. To mitigate these limitations, the concept of adverse outcome pathways（AOPs） was developed. An AOP is an analytical, sequentially progressive pathway that links a molecular initiating event（MIE） to an adverse outcome. Recently, AOPs have been recognized as a potential informational tool by which the implications of molecular biomarkers in ERA can be better understood. To demonstrate the utility of AOPs in biomarker-based ERA, here we discuss a series of three different biological repercussions caused by exposure to benzo（a）pyrene（Ba P）, silver nanoparticles（Ag NPs）, and selenium（Se）. Using mainly aquatic invertebrates and selected vertebrates as model species, we focus on the development of the AOP concept. Aquatic organisms are suitable bioindicator species whose entire lifespans can be observed over a short period; moreover, these species can be studied on the molecular and population ***, interspecific differences between aquatic organisms are important to consider in an AOP framework, since these differences are an integral part of the natural *** development of an environmental pollutant-mediated AOP may enable a better understanding of the effects of environmental pollutants in different scenarios in the diverse community of an ecosystem.

关键词： Adverse outcome pathway Biomarker Omics Environmental risk assessment Aquatic organisms Interspecific difference

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Genomic organization and transcriptional modulation in response to endocrine disrupting chemicals of three vitellogenin genes in the self-fertilizing fish Kryptolebias marmoratus

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2016年第4期28卷 187-195页

作者： Bo-Mi Kim Min Chul lee Hye-Min Kang jae-Sung Rhee jae-seong lee Department of Biological Science College of ScienceSungkyunkwan University Department of Marine Science College of Natural SciencesIncheon National University

Vitellogenin（Vtg）is the precursor of egg yolk proteins,and its expression has been used as a reliable biomarker for estrogenic contamination in the aquatic *** examine the biomarker potential of the self-fertilizing killifish Kryptolebias marmoratus Vtgs（Km-Vtgs）,full genomic DNAs of Km-Vtgs-Aa,Km-Vtgs-Ab,and Km-Vtgs-C were cloned,sequenced,and *** Vtg genes in *** are tandemly placed in a550 kb section of the same *** silico analysis of promoter regions revealed that both the Km-Vtgs-Aa and Km-Vtgs-Ab genes had an estrogen response element（ERE）,but the Km-Vtgs-C gene did ***,all three Km-Vtgs genes had several ERE-half sites in their promoter *** analysis demonstrated that the three deduced amino acid residues were highly conserved with conventional Vtgs protein,forming distinctive clades within teleost *** tissue showed the highest expression of Km-Vtg transcripts in all tested tissues（brain/pituitary,eye,gonad,intestine,skin,and muscle）in response to endocrine disrupting chemical（EDC）-exposed ***-Vtg transcripts were significantly increased in response to 17β-estradiol（E2）,tamoxifen（TMX）,4-n-nonylphenol（NP）,bisphenol A（BPA）,and octylphenol（OP）over 24 hr *** Km-Vtg-A gene was highly expressed compared to the control in response to NP and ***-induced modulatory patterns of Km-Vtg gene expression were different depending on tissue,gender,and isoforms.

关键词： Kryptolebias marmoratus Vitellogenin Endocrine disrupting chemical

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Random pinhole attenuator for high-power laser beams

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2024年第3期12卷 116-121页

作者： seong Cheol Park Hyeok Yun Jin Woo Yoon seong Ku lee jae Hee Sung Il Woo Choi Chang Hee Nam Kyung Taec Kim Department of Physics and Photon Science Gwangju Institute of Science and TechnologyGwangjuRepublic of Korea Center for Relativistic Laser Science Institute for Basic ScienceGwangjuRepublic of Korea Advanced Photonics Research Institute Gwangju Institute of Science and TechnologyGwangjuRepublic of Korea

The intensity attenuation of a high-power laser is a frequent task in the measurements of optical *** intensity can be attenuated by inserting an optical element,such as a partial reflector,polarizer or absorption *** devices are,however,not always easily applicable,especially in the case of ultra-high-power lasers,because they can alter the characteristics of a laser beam or become easily *** this study,we demonstrated that the intensity of a laser beam could be effectively attenuated using a random pinhole attenuator(RPA),a device with randomly distributed pinholes,without changing the beam *** this device,a multi-PW laser beam was successfully attenuated and the focused beam profile was measured without any alterations of its *** addition,it was confirmed that the temporal profile of a laser pulse,including the spectral phase,was ***,the RPA possesses significant potential for a wide range of applications.

关键词： high-power laser intensity attenuation laser diagnostics

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Ionizing terahertz waves with 260 MV/cm from scalable optical rectification

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第6期13卷 1075-1087页

作者： Hyeongmun Kim Chul Kang Dogeun Jang Yulan Roh Sang Hwa lee Joong Wook lee jae Hee Sung seong Ku lee Ki-Yong Kim Advanced Photonics Research Institute GISTGwangju61005Korea Department of Physics and Optoelectronics Convergence Research Center Chonnam National UniversityGwangju61186Korea Pohang Accelerator Laboratory POSTECHPohang37673Korea Center for Relativistic Laser Science Institute for Basic ScienceGwangju61005Korea Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics Department of PhysicsUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMaryland20742USA

Terahertz(THz)waves,known as non-ionizing radiation owing to their low photon energies,can actually ionize atoms and molecules when a sufficiently large number of THz photons are concentrated in time and ***,we demonstrate the generation of ionizing,multicycle,15-THz waves emitted from large-area lithium niobate crystals via phase-matched optical rectification of 150-terawatt laser pulses.A complete characterization of the generated THz waves in energy,pulse duration,and focal spot size shows that the field strength can reach up to 260 megavolts per *** particular,a single-shot THz interferometer is employed to measure the THz pulse duration and spectrum with complementary numerical *** intense THz pulses are irradiated onto various solid targets to demonstrate THz-induced tunneling ionization and plasma *** study also discusses the potential of nonperturbative THz-driven ionization in gases,which will open up new opportunities,including nonlinear and relativistic THz physics in plasma.

关键词： optical interferometer matched

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Synergistically coupling of Ni–Fe LDH arrays with hollow Co–Mo sulfide nanotriangles for highly efficient overall water splitting

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Rare Metals 2024年第2期43卷 522-532页

作者： Yun jae lee Seung-Keun Park Department of Advanced Materials Engineering Chung-Ang UniversityAnseongGyeonggi-do17546Republic of Korea Department of Intelligent Energy and Industry Chung-Ang University84 Heukseok-ro Dongjak-guSeoul06974Republic of Korea Western Seoul Center Korea Basic Science Institute150 Bugahyeon-roSeodaemun-guSeoul03759Republic of Korea

Developing bifunctional catalysts that can catalyze both oxygen evolution reaction(OER)and hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)is pivotal to commercializing large-scale water ***,a novel hollow nanotriangle composed of NiFe LDH-CoMoS_(x) heterojunction(H-CMSx@NiFe LDH)is proposed as a highly efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst for both OER and *** fabricate a heterojunction system,ultra-thin nickel–iron layered double hydroxide(NiFe LDH)nanosheets are uniformly electrodeposited onto a metal–organic framework-derived hollow CoMoS_(x) *** strong coupling of CoMoS_(x) and NiFe LDH catalysts forms the intimate heterojunction interfaces to facilitate interfacial charge transfer,which is favorable to enhance the bifunctional catalytic ***,the large void of CoMoS_(x) nanotriangles and interconnected ultra-thin NiFe LDH nanosheets result in good electrolyte penetration and gas ***,the as-prepared H-CMSx@NiFe LDH on nickel foam(NF)exhibits an impressive catalytic activity and durability for OER and HER activities,delivering a current density of 100 mA·cm^(−2) at the small overpotentials of 214 and 299 mV in OER and HER,***,H-CMSx@NiFe LDH/NF proves to be an effective electrode for an alkaline electrolyzer,as a voltage of only 1.99 V is enough to achieve a current density voltage of only 1.99 V is enough to achieve a current density of 400 mA·cm^(−2) with no degradation in performance over 50 h.

关键词： Overall water splitting Metal-organic framework Molybdenum sulfide Layered double hydroxide Heterojunction

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Enhancing Identity Protection in Metaverse-Based Psychological Counseling System

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第1期78卷 617-632页

作者： Jun lee Hanna lee seong Chan lee Hyun Kwon Department of Game Software Hoseo UniversityAsan-si31499Korea Yatav Enter Seoul04799Korea Department of Artificial Intelligence and Data Science Korea Military AcademySeoul01805Korea

Non-face-to-face psychological counseling systems rely on network technologies to anonymize information regard-ing client ***,these systems often face challenges concerning voice data leaks and the suboptimal communication of the client’s non-verbal expressions,such as facial cues,to the *** study proposes a metaverse-based psychological counseling system designed to enhance client identity protection while ensuring efficient information delivery to counselors during non-face-to-face *** proposed systemincorporates a voicemodulation function that instantlymodifies/masks the client’s voice to safeguard their ***,it employs real-time client facial expression recognition using an ensemble of decision trees to mirror the client’s non-verbal expressions through their avatar in the metaverse *** system is adaptable for use on personal computers and smartphones,offering users the flexibility to access metaverse-based psychological counseling across diverse *** performance evaluation of the proposed system confirmed that the voice modulation and real-time facial expression replication consistently achieve an average speed of 48.32 frames per second or higher,even when tested on the least powerful smartphone ***,a total of 550 actual psychological counseling sessions were conducted,and the average satisfaction rating reached 4.46 on a 5-point *** indicates that clients experienced improved identity protection compared to conventional non-face-to-face metaverse counseling ***,the counselor successfully addressed the challenge of conveying non-verbal cues from clients who typically struggled with non-face-to-face psychological *** proposed systemholds significant potential for applications in interactive discussions and educational activities in the metaverse.

关键词： Metaverse counseling system face tracking identity protection

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Generation of double knockout cattle via CRISPR-Cas9 ribonucleoprotein(RNP)electroporation

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第1期15卷 456-462页

作者： Gyeong-Min Gim Kyeong-Hyeon Eom Dong-Hyeok Kwon Dae-Jin Jung Dae-Hyun Kim Jun-Koo Yi jae-Jung Ha Ji-Hyun lee seong-Beom lee Woo-jae Son Soo-Young Yum Won-Wu lee Goo Jang Laboratory of Theriogenology and Biotechnology Department of Veterinary Clinical ScienceCollege of Veterinary Medicine and the Research Institute of Veterinary ScienceSeoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea LARTBio Co. Ltd.SeoulRepublic of Korea Gyeongsangbukdo Livestock Research Institute YeongjuRepublic of Korea Comparative Medicine Disease Research Center Seoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea

Background Genome editing has been considered as powerful tool in agricultural ***,genome editing progress in cattle has not been fast as in other mammal species,for some disadvantages including long gestational periods,single pregnancy,and high raising ***,technically demanding methods such as microinjection and somatic cell nuclear transfer(SCNT)are needed for gene editing in *** this point of view,electroporation in embryos has been risen as an *** First,editing efficiency of our electroporation methods were tested for *** of mutation on embryo was confirmed by T7E1 *** first combination,mutation rates for MSTN and PRNP were 57.6%±13.7%and 54.6%±13.5%,*** case of MSTN/BLG,mutation rates were 83.9%±23.6%for MSTN,84.5%±18.0%for ***,the double-KO embryos were transferred to surrogates and mutation rate was identified in resultant calves by targeted deep *** recipients were transferred for MSTN/PRNP,4 calves were delivered,and one calf underwent an induction for double *** surrogates were given double-KO embryos for MSTN/BLG,and four of the six calves that were born had mutations in both *** These data demonstrated that production of genome edited cattle via electroporation of RNP could be effectively ***,MSTN and PRNP from beef cattle and MSTN and BLG from dairy cattle have been born and they will be valuable resources for future precision breeding.

关键词： Beta-lactoglobulin Cattle CRISPR-Cas9 Electroporation Knockout MSTN PRNP

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Enhanced prediction of anisotropic deformation behavior using machine learning with data augmentation

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第1期12卷 186-196页

作者： Sujeong Byun Jinyeong Yu Seho Cheon seong Ho lee Sung Hyuk Park Taekyung lee School of Mechanical Engineering Pusan National UniversityBusan 46241South Korea School of Materials Science and Engineering Kyungpook National UniversityDaegu 41566South Korea

Mg alloys possess an inherent plastic anisotropy owing to the selective activation of deformation mechanisms depending on the loading *** characteristic results in a diverse range of flow curves that vary with a deformation *** study proposes a novel approach for accurately predicting an anisotropic deformation behavior of wrought Mg alloys using machine learning(ML)with data *** developed model combines four key strategies from data science:learning the entire flow curves,generative adversarial networks(GAN),algorithm-driven hyperparameter tuning,and gated recurrent unit(GRU)*** proposed model,namely GAN-aided GRU,was extensively evaluated for various predictive scenarios,such as interpolation,extrapolation,and a limited dataset *** model exhibited significant predictability and improved generalizability for estimating the anisotropic compressive behavior of ZK60 Mg alloys under 11 annealing conditions and for three loading *** GAN-aided GRU results were superior to those of previous ML models and constitutive *** superior performance was attributed to hyperparameter optimization,GAN-based data augmentation,and the inherent predictivity of the GRU for *** a first attempt to employ ML techniques other than artificial neural networks,this study proposes a novel perspective on predicting the anisotropic deformation behaviors of wrought Mg alloys.

关键词： Plastic anisotropy Compression Annealing Machine learning Data augmentation

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Atomically Adjustable Rhodium Catalyst Synthesis with Outstanding Mass Activity via Surface-Li mi ted Cation Exchange

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2024年第2期7卷 83-92页

作者： Hak Hyeon lee Dong Su Kim Swagotom Sarker Ji Hoon Choi Ho seong lee Hyung Koun Cho Department of Advanced Materials Science&Engineering Sungkyunkwan University2066Seobu-roJangan-guSuwon-siGyeonggi-doSeoul 16419Korea Department of Advanced Materials Science&Engineering Kyungpook National University80Daehak-roBuk-guDaegu 41566Korea

Rh has been widely studied as a catalyst for the promising hydrazine oxidation reaction that can replace oxygen evolution reactions for boosting hydrogen production from hydrazine-containing *** Rh being expensive,only a few studies have examined its electrocatalytic mass ***,surface-limited cation exchange and electrochemical activation processes are designed to remarkably enhance the mass activity of *** atoms were readily replaced at the Ni sites on the surface of NiOOH electrodes by cation exchange,and the resulting RhOOH compounds were activated by the electrochemical reduction *** cation exchange-derived Rh catalysts exhibited particle sizes not exceeding 2 nm without agglomeration,indicating a decrease in the number of inactive inner Rh ***,an improved mass activity of 30 A mg_(Rh)^(-1)was achieved at 0.4 V versus reversible hydrogen ***,the two-electrode system employing the same CE-derived Rh electrodes achieved overall hydrazine splitting over 36 h at a stable low *** proposed surface-limited CE process is an effective method for reducing inactive atoms of expensive noble metal catalysts.

关键词： cation exchange synthesis electrochemical metallization hydrazine oxidation reaction mass activity rhodium catalyst

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