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The secondary injury cascade after spinal cord injury: an analysis of local cytokine/chemokine regulation

Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第6期19卷 1308-1317页

作者： Daniel J.Hellenbrand Charles M.Quinn Zachariah J.Piper Ryan T.Elder Raveena R.Mishra Taylor L.Marti Phoebe M.Omuro Rylie M.Roddick jae sung lee William L.Murphy Amgad S.Hanna Department of Neurosurgery University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Wisconsin-Madison Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation University of Wisconsin-Madison Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Wisconsin-Madison Forward BIO Institute University of Wisconsin-Madison

After spinal cord injury, there is an extensive infiltration of immune cells, which exacerbates the injury and leads to further neural degeneration. Therefore, a major aim of current research involves targeting the immune response as a treatment for spinal cord injury. Although much research has been performed analyzing the complex inflammatory process following spinal cord injury, there remain major discrepancies within previous literature regarding the timeline of local cytokine regulation. The objectives of this study were to establish an overview of the timeline of cytokine regulation for 2 weeks after spinal cord injury, identify sexual dimorphisms in terms of cytokine levels, and determine local cytokines that significantly change based on the severity of spinal cord injury. Rats were inflicted with either a mild contusion, moderate contusion, severe contusion, or complete transection, 7 mm of spinal cord centered on the injury was harvested at varying times post-injury, and tissue homogenates were analyzed with a Cytokine/Chemokine 27-Plex assay. Results demonstrated pro-inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-6 were all upregulated after spinal cord injury, but returned to uninjured levels within approximately 24 hours post-injury, while chemokines including monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 remained upregulated for days post-injury. In contrast, several anti-inflammatory cytokines and growth factors including interleukin-10 and vascular endothelial growth factor were downregulated by 7 days post-injury. After spinal cord injury, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1, which specifically affects astrocytes involved in glial scar development, increased more than all other cytokines tested, reaching 26.9-fold higher than uninjured rats. After a mild injury, 11 cytokines demonstrated sexual dimorphisms; however, after a severe contusion only leptin levels were different between female and male rats. In conclus

关键词： astrocytes chemokines cytokines inflammation macrophages microglia secondary damage spinal cord injury

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Self-motivated,thermally oxidized hematite nanoflake photoanodes:Effects of pre-polishing and ZrO_(2) passivation layer

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2022年第2期31卷 415-423页

作者： Love Kumar Dhandole Hyun Hwi lee Weon-Sik Chae Jum Suk Jang jae sung lee Department of Energy Engineering School of Energy and Chemical EngineeringUlsan National Institute of Science and Technology(UNIST)Ulsan 44919Republic of Korea Division of Biotechnology College of Environmental and Bioresource SciencesChonbuk National UniversityIksan 54596Republic of Korea Pohang Accelerator Laboratory Pohang University of Science and Technology(POSTECH)Pohang 37673Republic of Korea Daegu Center Korea Basic Science InstituteDaegu 41566Republic of Korea

High-temperature thermal oxidation of an Fe foil produces a high-quality,crystalline hematite nanoflake suitable as a photoanode for the photoelectrochemical(PEC)water *** pre-polishing of the foil surface has a profound effect in the formation of a vertically-aligned nanoflakes of hematite phase with extended(110)planes by removing the loosely-bonded oxide *** the surface of the photoanode is modified with a ZrO_(2) passivation layer and a cobalt phosphate co-catalyst,the charge recombination at the photoanode-electrolyte interface is greatly suppressed to improve its overall PEC *** a result,the photocurrent density at 1.10 VRHE under 1 sun condition is enhanced from 0.22 mA cm^(-2) for an unmodified photoanode to 0.59 mA cm^(-2) for the fully modified photoanode,and the photocurrent onset potential is shifted cathodically by 400 ***,the photoanode demonstrates outstanding stability by showing steady production of H_(2) and O_(2) gases in the stoichiometric ratio of 2:1 in a continuous PEC operation for 10 h.

关键词： Fe foil Thermal oxidation Nanoflakes Photoelectrochemical water splitting Surface modifications

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WRA-Net:Wide Receptive Field Attention Network for Motion Deblurring in Crop and Weed Image

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Plant Phenomics 2023年第2期5卷 174-194页

作者： Chaeyeong Yun Yu Hwan Kim sung jae lee Su Jin Im Kang Ryoung Park Division of Electronics and Electrical Engineering Dongguk University30 Pildong-ro 1-gilJung-guSeoul 04620Republic of Korea

Automatically segmenting crops and weeds in the image input from cameras accurately is essential in various agricultural technology fields,such as herbicide spraying by farming robots based on crop and weed segmentation ***,crop and weed images taken with a camera have motion blur due to various causes(e.g.,vibration or shaking of a camera on farming robots,shaking of crops and weeds),which reduces the accuracy of crop and weed ***,robust crop and weed segmentation for motion-blurred images is ***,previous crop and weed segmentation studies were performed without considering motion-blurred *** solve this problem,this study proposed a new motion-blur image restoration method based on a wide receptive field attention network(WRA-Net),based on which we investigated improving crop and weed segmentation accuracy in motion-blurred ***-Net comprises a main block called a lite wide receptive field attention residual block,which comprises modified depthwise separable convolutional blocks,an attention gate,and a learnable skip *** conducted experiments using the proposed method with 3 open databases:BoniRob,crop/weed field image,and rice seedling and weed *** to the results,the crop and weed segmentation accuracy based on mean intersection over union was 0.7444,0.7741,and 0.7149,respectively,demonstrating that this method outperformed the state-of-the-art methods.

关键词： Net shaking image

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Enhancing ammonia production rates from electrochemical nitrogen reduction by engineering three-phase boundary with phosphorus-activated Cu catalysts

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2023年第9期84卷 394-401页

作者： Jeehye Kim Cho Hee lee Yong Hyun Moon Min Hee lee Eun Hyup Kim Sun Hee Choi Youn Jeong Jang jae sung lee School of Energy and Chemical Engineering Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology(UNIST)Ulsan 44919Republic of Korea Department of Chemical Engineering Hanyang UniversitySeoul 04763Republic of Korea Pohang Accelerator Laboratory(PAL) Pohang University of Science and Technology(POSTECH)Pohang 37673Republic of Korea

Electrochemical N_(2) reduction reaction(eNRR) over Cu-based catalysts suffers from an intrinsically low activity of Cu for activation of stable N_(2) molecules and the limited supply of N_(2) to the catalyst due to its low solubility in aqueous ***,we propose phosphorus-activated Cu electrocatalysts to generate electron-deficient Cu sites on the catalyst surface to promote the adsorption of N_(2) *** eNRR system is further modified using a gas diffusion electrode(GDE) coated with polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE) to form an effective three-phase boundary of liquid water-gas N_(2)-solid catalyst to facilitate easy access of N_(2) to the catalytic *** a result,the new catalyst in the flow-type cell records a Faradaic efficiency of 13.15% and an NH_(3) production rate of 7.69 μg h^(-1) cm^(-2) at-0.2 V_(RHE),which represent 3.56 and 59.2 times increases from those obtained with a pristine Cu electrode in a typical electrolytic *** work represents a successful demonstration of dual modification strategies;catalyst modification and N_(2) supplying system engineering,and the results would provide a useful platform for further developments of electrocatalysts and reaction systems.

关键词： Electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction Ammonia production Phosphorous modified copper electrodes Gas diffusion electrodes Three-phase boundary PTFE coating

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Ionizing terahertz waves with 260 MV/cm from scalable optical rectification

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第6期13卷 1075-1087页

作者： Hyeongmun Kim Chul Kang Dogeun Jang Yulan Roh Sang Hwa lee Joong Wook lee jae Hee sung Seong Ku lee Ki-Yong Kim Advanced Photonics Research Institute GISTGwangju61005Korea Department of Physics and Optoelectronics Convergence Research Center Chonnam National UniversityGwangju61186Korea Pohang Accelerator Laboratory POSTECHPohang37673Korea Center for Relativistic Laser Science Institute for Basic ScienceGwangju61005Korea Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics Department of PhysicsUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMaryland20742USA

Terahertz(THz)waves,known as non-ionizing radiation owing to their low photon energies,can actually ionize atoms and molecules when a sufficiently large number of THz photons are concentrated in time and ***,we demonstrate the generation of ionizing,multicycle,15-THz waves emitted from large-area lithium niobate crystals via phase-matched optical rectification of 150-terawatt laser pulses.A complete characterization of the generated THz waves in energy,pulse duration,and focal spot size shows that the field strength can reach up to 260 megavolts per *** particular,a single-shot THz interferometer is employed to measure the THz pulse duration and spectrum with complementary numerical *** intense THz pulses are irradiated onto various solid targets to demonstrate THz-induced tunneling ionization and plasma *** study also discusses the potential of nonperturbative THz-driven ionization in gases,which will open up new opportunities,including nonlinear and relativistic THz physics in plasma.

关键词： optical interferometer matched

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无碱CO_(2)加氢高效制甲酸Pd/g-C_(3)N_(4)催化剂的单原子和纳米簇的协同作用

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Chinese Journal of Catalysis 2023年第4期47卷 214-221页

作者： Eun Hyup Kim Min Hee lee Jeehye Kim Eun Cheol Ra Ju Hyeong lee jae sung lee 蔚山国家科学技术研究所能源与化学工程学院(UNIST) 韩国

气候变化威胁人类的生存.化石燃料的过度使用导致CO_(2)持续排放是引起全球变暖和气候变化的主要因素,须尽快减少CO_(2)排放.捕获CO_(2)并将其转化为高附加值的燃料和化学品从而循环利用是减少CO_(2)净排放的有效措施.其中,CO_(2)催化... 详细信息

气候变化威胁人类的生存.化石燃料的过度使用导致CO_(2)持续排放是引起全球变暖和气候变化的主要因素,须尽快减少CO_(2)排放.捕获CO_(2)并将其转化为高附加值的燃料和化学品从而循环利用是减少CO_(2)净排放的有效措施.其中,CO_(2)催化加氢制甲酸(HCOOH)是碳捕获与利用(CCU)的有效途径之一,其产物HCOOH可用于防腐剂、牲畜饲料抗菌剂和食品添加剂,也可作为氢载体和直接甲酸燃料电池的燃料.目前,工业上生产HCOOH的工艺包括两个步骤:甲醇和CO在强碱条件下反应生成甲酸甲酯(HCO_(2)CH_(3)),随后水解为HCOOH.该工艺利用来自化石燃料的两种原料,排放出大量CO_(2),同时在水解步骤中使用了过量的酸性水,因此对生态环境产生一定的危害.近年来,以CO_(2)为可再生原料合成HCOOH被广泛研究,人们探索了电化学、光化学、生物和热化学反应等多种途径将CO_(2)还原为HCOOH,以期实现CO_(2)循环利用.上述方法距实际应用尚有一定距离,其中,CO_(2)催化加氢制HCOOH过程最先进,它与当前许多化学工业过程相似.由于CO_(2)分子的化学稳定性,CO_(2)加氢生成HCOOH在热力学上不利,可通过有机碱和无机碱形成甲酸-碱配合物,推动反应向生成HCOOH方向移动.然而,从甲酸基配合物中提取HCOOH需要额外的分离步骤,因此在无碱条件下直接将CO_(2)加氢生成HCOOH非常重要.本课题组致力于研究无碱条件下g-C_(3)N_(4)负载的Pd(记为Pd/CN)催化剂催化CO_(2)加氢合成HCOOH,前期研究(***.,2016,52,14302-14305和***.,2021,396,395-401)发现,通过控制Pd负载量可改变催化剂中Pd单原子/Pd纳米团簇的比例,且当两种状态Pd达到最佳比例时,催化剂催化活性最高.这表明在无碱CO_(2)加氢过程中,Pd单原子与纳米团簇间存在协同作用.此外,最近有关于单原子和纳米团簇在负载金属催化剂中不同作用的报道,如NixMg1-xO催化逆水气变换反应,Ir1/In_(2)O_(3)和Pd/Fe_(3)O_(4)催化CO_(2)加氢制乙醇反应等,这些工作得出相似的结论:单原子金属对CO_(2)活化有效,而纳米团簇对H_(2)活化有效.这对于设计以CO_(2)和H_(2)为反应物的金属催化剂很重要.本工作旨在考察类似的机理是否适用于Pd/CN催化剂在无碱条件下催化CO_(2)加氢制HCOOH过程.通过控制Pd负载量,合成了含有不同比例Pd单原子和Pd纳米团簇的Pd/CN催化剂,Pd与g-C_(3)N_(4)表面碱性位间的强静电相互作用使合成含有大量Pd单原子的Pd/CN催化剂成为可能.在Pd/CN催化剂催化无碱CO_(2)加氢制HCOOH过程中,当两种状态Pd达到最佳比例时,Pd单原子和Pd纳米簇之间存在协同作用,此时催化剂活性最高.实验表明,Pd纳米簇主要通过解离吸附参与H_(2)活化,Pd单原子对CO_(2)活化更有效.在最佳单原子比(单原子数/(单原子数+纳米簇)为41%)时,该催化剂表现出最高的活性,优于文献报道的相似反应条件下Pd催化剂活性.这些发现将为以CO_(2)和H_(2)分子为反应物的反应的催化剂设计提供一定的参考.

关键词：无碱CO_(2)加氢制甲酸 Pd/g-C_(3)N_(4) 单原子催化剂纳米簇催化剂协同效应

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Synergistically coupling of Ni–Fe LDH arrays with hollow Co–Mo sulfide nanotriangles for highly efficient overall water splitting

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Rare Metals 2024年第2期43卷 522-532页

作者： Yun jae lee Seung-Keun Park Department of Advanced Materials Engineering Chung-Ang UniversityAnseongGyeonggi-do17546Republic of Korea Department of Intelligent Energy and Industry Chung-Ang University84 Heukseok-ro Dongjak-guSeoul06974Republic of Korea Western Seoul Center Korea Basic Science Institute150 Bugahyeon-roSeodaemun-guSeoul03759Republic of Korea

Developing bifunctional catalysts that can catalyze both oxygen evolution reaction(OER)and hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)is pivotal to commercializing large-scale water ***,a novel hollow nanotriangle composed of NiFe LDH-CoMoS_(x) heterojunction(H-CMSx@NiFe LDH)is proposed as a highly efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst for both OER and *** fabricate a heterojunction system,ultra-thin nickel–iron layered double hydroxide(NiFe LDH)nanosheets are uniformly electrodeposited onto a metal–organic framework-derived hollow CoMoS_(x) *** strong coupling of CoMoS_(x) and NiFe LDH catalysts forms the intimate heterojunction interfaces to facilitate interfacial charge transfer,which is favorable to enhance the bifunctional catalytic ***,the large void of CoMoS_(x) nanotriangles and interconnected ultra-thin NiFe LDH nanosheets result in good electrolyte penetration and gas ***,the as-prepared H-CMSx@NiFe LDH on nickel foam(NF)exhibits an impressive catalytic activity and durability for OER and HER activities,delivering a current density of 100 mA·cm^(−2) at the small overpotentials of 214 and 299 mV in OER and HER,***,H-CMSx@NiFe LDH/NF proves to be an effective electrode for an alkaline electrolyzer,as a voltage of only 1.99 V is enough to achieve a current density voltage of only 1.99 V is enough to achieve a current density of 400 mA·cm^(−2) with no degradation in performance over 50 h.

关键词： Overall water splitting Metal-organic framework Molybdenum sulfide Layered double hydroxide Heterojunction

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Recent advances in parametric neuroreceptor mapping with dynamic PET:basic concepts and graphical analyses

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2014年第5期30卷 733-754页

作者： Seongho Seo Su Jin Kim Dong Soo lee jae sung lee Department of Nuclear Medicine College of Medicine Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences College of Natural Sciences institute of Radiation Medicine Medical Research Center Institute of Radiation Medicine Medical Research Center Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology Department of Biomedical Sciences College of Medicine Seoul National University

Tracer kinetic modeling in dynamic positron emission tomography （PET） has been widely used to investigate the characteristic distribution patterns or dysfunctions of neuroreceptors in brain diseases. Its practical goal has progressed from regional data quantification to parametric mapping that produces images of kinetic-model parameters by fully exploiting the spatiotemporal information in dynamic PET data. Graphical analysis （GA） is a major parametric mapping technique that is independent on any compartmental model configuration, robust to noise, and computationally efficient. In this paper, we provide an overview of recent advances in the parametric mapping of neuroreceptor binding based on GA methods. The associated basic concepts in tracer kinetic modeling are presented, including commonly-used compartment models and major parameters of interest. Technical details of GA approaches for reversible and irreversible radioligands are described, considering both plasma input and reference tissue input models. Their statistical properties are discussed in view of parametric imaging.

关键词： dynamic positron emission tomography graphical analysis neuroreceptor imaging parametric image tracer kinetic modeling

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Innovative strategies toward challenges in PV-powered electrochemical CO_(2)reduction

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2021年第9期30卷 410-416页

作者： Siraj Sultan Jin Hyun Kim Seung Hyeon Kim Youngkook Kwon jae sung lee Department of Energy Engineering School of Energy and Chemical EngineeringUlsan National Institute of Science and Technology(UNIST)Ulsan 44919South Korea

The solar energy-driven electrochemical CO_(2)reduction to value-added fuels or chemicals is considered as an attractive path to store renewable energy in the form of chemical energy to close the carbon ***,CO_(2)reduction suffers from a number of challenges including slow reaction rates,low selectivity,and low energy conversion ***,innovative strategies have been developed to mitigate this *** the development of flow cell reactors with a gas diffusion electrode,ionic liquid electrolytes,and new electrocatalysts have dramatically improved the reaction rates and selectivity to desired *** this perspective,we highlight the key recent developments and challenges in PVpowered electrochemical CO_(2)reduction and propose effective strategies to improve the reaction kinetics,to minimize the electrical energy losses,and to tune the selectivity of the catalysts for desired products,and then suggest future direction of research and development.

关键词： Electrochemical CO_(2)reduction Photovoltaic cell Ionic liquid electrolytes Flow cell electrolyzers Gas diffusion electrode

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Comparison of macular changes according to the etiology of optic neuritis:a cross-sectional study

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2024年第4期17卷 686-692页

作者： Yeji Moon sung-Min Kim jae Ho Jung Department of Ophthalmology Asan Medical CenterUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoul 05505Republic of Korea Department of Neurology Seoul National University HospitalSeoul 03080Republic of Korea Department of Ophthalmology Seoul National University HospitalSeoul 03080Republic of Korea Department of Ophthalmology Seoul National University College of MedicineSeoul 03080Republic of Korea

AIM:To compare the macular structure including foveal thickness among patients with optic neuritis(ON)according to the etiology and to investigate the possible correlation between structural and visual outcomes METHODS:In this retrospective cross-sectional study,the clinical data of patients with aquaporin-4 immunoglobulin G-related ON(AQP4 group,40 eyes),myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein IgG-related ON(MOG group,31 eyes),and multiple sclerosis-related ON(MS group,24 eyes)were *** retinal thickness of the foveal,parafoveal and perifoveal regions were *** acuity(VA),visual field index and mean deviation were measured as visual ***:The AQP4 group showed a significantly thinner fovea(226.4±13.4μm)relative to the MOG(236.8±14.0μm,P=0.015)and MS(238.9±14.3μm,P=0.007)*** thickness in the parafoveal area also was thinner in the AQP4 group,though the difference in perifoveal retinal thickness was not *** thickness was correlated with VA in the AQP4 group(coefficientρ=-0.418,P=0.014),but not in the MOG and MS groups(P=0.218 and P=0.138,respectively).There was no significant correlation between foveal thickness and visual field test in all three ***:The significant thinning in the fovea and parafoveal areas in the AQP4 group compared to the MOG and MS groups are ***,macular changes in AQP4-ON show a significant correlation with *** results provide the possibility that retinal structural damage could reflect functional damage in AQP4-ON,distinct from MOGON and MS-ON.

关键词： foveal thickness optic neuritis aquaporin-4 immunoglobulin myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein multiple sclerosis

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