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COVID-19 and the gastrointestinal tract:Source of infection or merely a target of the inflammatory process following SARS-CoV-2 infection?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第14期27卷 1406-1418页

作者： jacopo troisi Giorgia Venutolo Meritxell Pujolassos Tanyà Matteo Delli Carri Annamaria Landolfi Alessio Fasano Metabolomics Section Theoreo srl-Spin-off Company of the University of SalernoMontecorvino Pugliano 84090SAItaly Department of Chemistry and Biology“A.Zambelli” University of SalernoFisciano 84084SAItaly European Biomedical Research Institute of Salerno Salerno 84125SAItaly Department of Medicine Surgery and Dentistry“Scuola Medica Salernitana”University of SalernoBaronissi 84081SAItaly Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center and Center for Celiac Research Harvard Medical SchoolMassachusetts Gen Hosp ChildrenMucosal Immunology and Biology Research CenterBostonMA 02114United States

Gastrointestinal(GI)symptoms have been described in a conspicuous percentage of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)*** clinical evidence is supported by the detection of viral RNA in stool,which also supports the hypothesis of a possible fecal-oral transmission *** involvement of GI tract in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)infection is corroborated by the theoretical assumption that angiotensin converting enzyme 2,which is a SARS-CoV-2 target receptor,is present along the GI *** have pointed out that gut dysbiosis may occur in COVID-19 patients,with a possible correlation with disease severity and with complications such as multisystem inflammatory syndrome in ***,the question to be addressed is whether dysbiosis is a consequence or a contributing cause of SARS-CoV-2 *** such a scenario,pharmacological therapies aimed at decreasing GI permeability may be beneficial for COVID-19 *** the possibility of a fecal-oral transmission route,water and environmental sanitation play a crucial role for COVID-19 containment,especially in developing countries.

关键词： COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 Gastrointestinal symptoms Gut microbiome Dysbiosis Zonulin Fecal-oral transmission

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Placental Vascularization and Apoptosis in Rats Orally Exposed to Low Doses of Bisphenol A

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2018年第11期8卷 958-969页

作者： jacopo troisi Luigi Giugliano Antonio D’Antonio Andrea Viggiano Rosaria Meccariello Marika Scafuro Marcellino Monda Angelo Colucci Giovanni Scala Maria Cofano Maurizio Guida Department of Medicine Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana” University of Salerno Baronissi Italy Theoreo srl—Spin-Off Company of the University of Salerno Baronissi Italy Dipartimento di Scienze Motorie e del Benessere University of Naples Parthenope Naples Italy Department of Experimental Medicine University of Campania “Vanvitelli” Naples Italy

Aim: Exposure to the ubiquitous endocrine disrupter Bisphenol A (BPA) has been associated, in pregnancy, with low birth weight. The aim of our study is the identification of the damage caused by Bisphenol A on placental tissue through the evaluation of its effects on micro-vessel density and apoptosis. Methods: After fertilization, we exposed 3 female rats to oral BPA, by means of a free access to a beverage solution containing 100 μg/L of BPA. Three female rats were used as controls. Placentas underwent histological examination and immunohistochemistry for von Willebr and factor (F-VIII) and caspase-9. Results: Sixty-seven fetuses have been produced, 30 from control rats and 37 from exposed rats. Exposed fetuses showed a lower longitudinal/transverse diameter ratio than controls (2.57 ± 0.29 vs. 2.78 ± 0.38, p < 0.05). Also, exposed fetuses showed a significant reduction in the number of placental vessels per field (124.86 ± 19.15 vs. 143.54 ± 22.09, p < 0.05). On the other hand, apoptosis is not increased by exposure, as shown by caspase-9 levels. Conclusion: Exposure to BPA during pregnancy may affect placental vascularization, and this phenomenon may explain the lower birth weight reported. However, our results do not show the increase in apoptosis observed in vitro.

关键词： Apoptosis Bisphenol A Intra Uterine Growth Restriction Placenta Placental Vascularization

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