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MicroRNAs in inflammatory bowel disease-pathogenesis,diagnostics and therapeutics

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第34期18卷 4629-4634页

作者： Mehmet Coskun jacob Tveiten Bjerrum Jakob Benedict seidelin Ole Haagen Nielsen Department of Gastroenterology Medical Section 54 O3University of CopenhagenHerlev HospitalDK-2730 HerlevDenmark Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine the Panum InstituteUniversity of CopenhagenDK-2200 Copenhagen NDenmark Department of Internal Medicine I University of CopenhagenBispebjerg HospitalDK-2400 Copenhagen NVDenmark

The pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is complex and largely unknown. Until recently, research has focused on the study of protein regulators in inflammation to reveal the cellular and molecular networks in the pathogenesis of IBD. However, in the last few years, new and promising insights have been generated from studies describing an association between an altered expression of a specific class of non-coding RNAs, called microRNAs (miRs or miRNAs) and IBD. The short (approximately 22 nucleotides), endogenous, single-stranded RNAs are evolutionary conserved inanimals and plants, and regulate specific target mRNAs at the post-transcriptional level. MiRNAs are involved in several biological processes, including development, cell differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis. Furthermore, it is estimated that miRNAs may be responsible for regulating the expression of nearly one-third of the genes in the human genome. Thus, miRNA deregulation often results in an impaired cellular function, and a disturbance of downstream gene regulation and signaling cascades, suggesting their implication in disease etiology. Despite the identification of more than 1900 mature human miRNAs, very little is known about their biological functions and functional targets. Recent studies have identified dysregulated miRNAs in tissue samples of IBD patients and have demonstrated similar differences in circulating miRNAs in the serum of IBD patients. Thus, there is great promise that miRNAs will aid in the early diagnosis of IBD, and in the development of personalized therapies. Here, we provide a short review of the current state-of-the-art of miRNAs in IBD pathogenesis, diagnostics and therapeutics.

关键词： Biomarker Crohn's disease Diagnostics In-flammatory bowel disease MicroRNA Therapeutics Ulcer-ative colitis

Factors controlling nutrient availability to the developing fetus in ruminants

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Journal of Animal science and Biotechnology 2015年第2期6卷 205-214页

作者： Kathrin A Dunlap jacob D Brown Ashley B Keith M Carey satterfield Department of Animal science Texas A&M University2471 TAMU College Station

Inadequate delivery of nutrients results in intrauterine growth restriction （IUGR）, which is a leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality in livestock. In ruminants, inadequate nutrition during pregnancy is often prevalent due to frequent utilization of exensive forage based grazing systems, making them highly susceptible to changes in nutrient quality and availability. Delivery of nutrients to the fetus is dependent on a number of critical factors including placental growth and development, utero-placental blood flow, nutrient availability, and placenta metabolism and transport capacity. Previous findings from our laboratory and others, highlight essential roles for amino acids and their metabolites in supporting normal fetal growth and development, as well as the critical role for amino acid transporters in nutrient delivery to the fetus. The focus of this review will be on the role of materna nutrition on placental form and function as a regulator of fetal development in ruminants.

关键词： Intrauterine growth restriction Nutrient transport Placenta Ruminant

Gait analysis in swine,sheep,and goats after neurologic injury:a literature review

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第9期18卷 1917-1924页

作者： jacob W.sveum Raveena R.Mishra Taylor L.Marti Jalon M.Jones Daniel J.Hellenbrand Amgad s.Hanna Department of Neurological surgery University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health(UWSMPH)MadisonWIUSA

Medical research on neurologic ailments requires representative animal models to validate treatments before they are translated to human clinical *** are the predominant animal model used in neurological research despite limited anatomic and physiologic similarities to *** a result,functional testing designed to assess locomotor recovery after neurologic impairment is well established in rodent ***,large r,more clinically relevant models have not been as well *** achieve similar locomotor testing standardization in larger animals,the models must be accessible to a wide array of ***-human primates are the most relevant animal model fo r translational research,however ethical and financial barriers limit their *** review focuses on swine,sheep,and goats as large animal alternatives for transitional studies between rodents and non-human *** objective of this review is to compare motor testing and data collection methods used in swine,sheep,and goats to encourage testing standardization in these larger animal *** PubMed database was analyzed by searching combinations of swine,sheep,and goats,neurologic injuries,and functional *** were categorized by animal model,data collection method,and assessment *** and sheep were used in the majority of the studies,while only two studies were found using *** functional assessments included open pen analysis,treadmill walking,and guided free *** collection methods included subjective behavioral rating scales and objective tools such as pressure-sensitive mats and image-based analysis ***,swine and sheep were well-suited for a variety of assessment designs,with treadmill walking and guided free walking offering the most consistency across multiple *** collection methods varied,but image-based gait analysis software provided the most robust *** studies should be conducted to stan

关键词： functional testing gait analysis goats large animals neurologic injury sheep spinal cord injury swine

sleep disturbances and predictors of nondeployability among active-duty army soldiers: an odds ratio analysis of medical healthcare data from fiscal year 2018

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Military Medical Research 2020年第3期7卷 335-342页

作者： Jaime K.Devine jacob Collen Jake J.Choynowski Vincent Capaldi Institutes for Behavior Resources Operational Fatigue and Performance2104 Maryland AveBaltimoreMD 21218USA Pulmonary Critical Care and Sleep Medicine Walter Reed National Military Medical CenterBethesdaMD 20889USA Behavioral Biology Branch Center for Military Psychiatry and NeuroscienceWalter Reed Army Institute of ResearchSilver SpringMD 20910USA

Background:The impact of sleep disorders on active-duty soldiers’medical readiness is not currently *** data generated at military treatment facilities can be accessed to create research reports and thus can be used to estimate the prevalence of sleep disturbances and the role of sleep on overall health in service *** current study aimed to quantify sleep-related health issues and their impact on health and nondeployability through the analysis of *** healthcare records from fiscal year 2018(FY2018).Methods:Medical diagnosis information and deployability profiles(e-Profiles)were queried for all active-duty *** patients with a concurrent sleep disorder diagnosis receiving medical care within *** was predicted from medical reasons for having an e-Profile(categorized as sleep,behavioral health,musculoskeletal,cardiometabolic,injury,or accident)using binomial logistic *** e-Profiles were investigated as a moderator between other e-Profile categories and ***:Out of 582,031 soldiers,48.4%(n=281,738)had a sleep-related diagnosis in their healthcare records,9.7%(n=56,247)of soldiers had e-Profiles,and 1.9%(n=10,885)had a sleep *** with sleep e-Profiles were more likely to have had a motor vehicle accident(p OR(prevalence odds ratio)=4.7,95%CI 2.63–8.39,P≤0.001)or work/duty-related injury(p OR=1.6,95%CI 1.32–1.94,P≤0.001).The likelihood of nondeployability was greater in soldiers with a sleep e-Profile and a musculoskeletal e-Profile(p OR=4.25,95%CI 3.75–4.81,P≤0.001)or work/dutyrelated injury(p OR=2.62,95%CI 1.63–4.21,P≤0.001).Conclusion:Nearly half of soldiers had a sleep disorder or sleep-related medical diagnosis in 2018,but their sleep problems are largely not profiled as limitations to medical *** issues and physical injury predict nondeployability,and nondeployability is more likely to occur in soldiers who have sleep e-Profiles in addition t

关键词： Medical readiness Behavioral sleep medicine Deployability Healthcare records Military Big data Data mining

Imaging mass spectrometry:a molecular microscope for studying the role of lipids in Parkinson's disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第6期19卷 1179-1180页

作者： Vinata Vedam-Mai jacob M.samuel Boone M.Prentice Department of Neurology University of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA Department of Chemistry University of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA

Parkinson's disease–A lipidopathy?The histopathological hallmark of Parkinson's disease(PD)and dementia with Lewy bodies are inclusions enriched inα-synuclein(α-syn),known as Lewy bodies,which are not only composed of proteins,but also a core of lipid *** has been thus far principally thought of as a“proteinopathy”caused by the misfolding of α-syn.

关键词： lipids species folding

systematic review of dynamization vs exchange nailing for delayed/non-union femoral fractures

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2018年第7期9卷 92-99页

作者： jacob E Vaughn Ronit V shah Tarek samman jacob stirton Jiayong Liu Nabil A Ebraheim College of Medicine and Life sciences University of Toledo Department of Orthopedic surgery University of Toledo Medical Center

AIM To analyze the literature on efficacy of dynamamization vs exchange nailing in treatment of delayed and nonunion femur *** Ultimately, 31 peer-reviewed articles with 644 exchanged nailing patients and 131 dynamization patients were identified and analyzed. The following key words were inputted in different combinations in order to search the field of publications in its entirety: "nonunion", "delayed union", "ununited", "femur fracture", "femoral fracture", "exchange nailing", "dynaiz(s)ation", "secondary nailing", "dynamic", "static", and "nail revision". The initial search yielded over 150 results, and was refined based on the inclusion criteria: Only studies reporting on humans, non-unions and delayed unions, and the usage of exchange nailing and/or dynamization as a secondary treatment after failed IM nailing. The resulting 66 articles were obtained through online journal access. The results were filtered further based on the exclusion criteria: No articles that failed to report overall union rates, differentiate between success rates of their reported techniques, or articles that analyzed less than 5 patients. REsULTs Exchange nailing lead to fracture union in 84.785% of patients compared to the 66.412% of dynamization with statistically comparable durations until union(5.193 ± 2.310 mo and 4.769 ± 1.986 mo respectively). Dynamically locking exchange nails resulted in an average union time of 5.208 ± 2.475 mo compared to 5.149 ± 2.366 mo(P = 0.8682) in statically locked exchange nails. The overall union rate of the two procedures, statically and dynamically locked exchange nailing yielded union rates of 84.259% and 82.381% respectively. Therefore, there was no significant difference between the different locking methods of exchange nailing for union rate or time to union at a significance value of P sis showed exchange nailing to be the more successful choice in the treatment of femoral non-unions in respect to its higher succ

关键词： Non-union Delayed union Dynamization Femoral fracture Exchange nailing

A Bayesian framework for adsorption energy prediction on bimetallic alloy catalysts

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npj Computational Materials 2020年第1期6卷 195-205页

作者： Osman Mamun Kirsten T.Winther jacob R.Boes Thomas Bligaard sUNCAT Center for Interface science and Catalysis Department of Chemical EngineeringStanford UniversityStanfordCA 94305USA sUNCAT Center for Interface science and Catalysis SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory2575 Sand Hill RoadMenlo ParkCA 94025USA DTU Energy Department of Energy Conversion and StorageAnker Engelunds VejBuilding 3012800 Kgs.LyngbyDenmark

For high-throughput screening of materials for heterogeneous catalysis,scaling relations provides an efficient scheme to estimate the chemisorption energies of hydrogenated ***,conditioning on a single descriptor ignores the model uncertainty and leads to suboptimal prediction of the chemisorption *** this article,we extend the single descriptor linear scaling relation to a multi-descriptor linear regression models to leverage the correlation between adsorption energy of any two pair of *** a large dataset,we use Bayesian Information Criteria(BIC)as the model evidence to select the best linear regression ***,Gaussian Process Regression(GPR)based on the meaningful convolution of physical properties of the metal-adsorbate complex can be used to predict the baseline residual of the selected *** integrated Bayesian model selection and Gaussian process regression,dubbed as residual learning,can achieve performance comparable to standard DFT error(0.1 eV)for most adsorbate *** sparse and small datasets,we propose an ad hoc Bayesian Model Averaging(BMA)approach to make a robust *** this Bayesian framework,we significantly reduce the model uncertainty and improve the prediction *** possibilities of the framework for high-throughput catalytic materials exploration in a realistic setting is illustrated using large and small sets of both dense and sparse simulated dataset generated from a public database of bimetallic alloys available in ***.

关键词： adsorption scaling bimetallic

Existing theories do not explain sex ratio variation at birth in monomorphic roe deer (Capreolus capreolus)

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Integrative Zoology 2007年第1期2卷 10-18页

作者： stefan jacob VREUGDENHIL Leo VAN BREUKELEN sipke Egbert VAN WIEREN Waternet Research and DevelopmentVogelenzangThe Netherlands Resource Ecology Group Wageningen UniversityWageningenThe Netherlands Ministry of Agriculture Nature and Food QualityDienst Landelijk GebiedUtrechtThe Netherlands

The phenomenon of skewed sex ratios at birth has been reported in many ungulate *** far,no consistent trend has emerged for roe deer(Capreolus capreolus),because male-biased,female-biased and equal sex ratios at birth have all been ***,both the Trivers–Willard hypothesis and the theory of local resource competition have gained *** the great number of studies carried out regarding the ecology of roe deer,too many aspects remain unclear,and contradictory results have been produced with respect to several crucial *** further research,the discussion on which theory applies will therefore remain *** put forward the argument that eventually the theories of Trivers–Willard and local resource competition can be considered as being not essentially *** all,both theories explain the observed skewed sex ratios as being due to the effect of the progeny s sex on the mother s body condition and hence her reproductive success in subsequent ***,neither theory is likely to prove to be suitable for roe deer,as several assumptions are unlikely to be *** roe deer,skewed ratios probably only have a temporal *** a matter of fact,several observations of skewed sex ratios in birds and mammals did not withstand the accumulation of further data,as sex ratios that were initially believed to be biased turned out to be equal in the long *** is likely to be the case in roe deer as *** hypothesize that roe deer,as r-strategists,will produce as many offspring as possible,regardless of sex.

关键词： roe deer sex ratio theory.

A geometric interpretation of the transition density of a symmetric Lévy process

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science China Mathematics 2012年第6期55卷 1099-1126页

作者： jacob Niels KNOPOVA Victorya LANDWEHR sandra sCHILLING RenéL. Department of Mathematics Swansea UniversitySingleton ParkSwansea SA28PPUK V.M.Glushkov Institute of Cybernetics NAs of Ukraine 03187KievUkraine Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf German Diabetes Center at the Heinrich Heine University DüsseldorfLeibniz Center for Diabetes ResearchInstitute of Biometrics and EpidemiologyAuf'm Hennekamp 6540225 DüsseldorfGermany Institut für Mathematische stochastik Technische Universität Dresden01062 DresdenGermany

We study for a class of symmetric Levy processes with state space R^n the transition density pt（x） in terms of two one-parameter families of metrics, （dt）t〉o and （δt）t〉o. The first family of metrics describes the diagonal term pt （0）; it is induced by the characteristic exponent ψ of the Levy process by dr（x, y） = √tψ（x - y）. The second and new family of metrics 6t relates to √tψ through the formula exp（-δ^2t（x,y））=F[e^-tψ/pt（0）]（x-y）,where Y denotes the Fourier transform. Thus we obtain the following ＂Gaussian＂ representation of the tran- sition density： pt（x） = pt（O）e^-δ^2t（x,0） where pt（O） corresponds to a volume term related to √tψ and where an ＂exponential＂ decay is governed by 5t2. This gives a complete and new geometric, intrinsic interpretation of pt（x）.

关键词： transition function estimates Levy processes metric measure spaces heat kernel bounds in-finitely divisible distributions self-reciprocal distributions