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Convergence of community composition during secondary succession on Zokor rodent mounds on the Tibetan Plateau

Journal of Plant Ecology 2018年第3期11卷 453-464页

作者： Yingbo Yang jacob Weiner Gang Wang Zhengwei Ren State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems College of Pastoral Agricultural Science and TechnologyLanzhou University768 Jiayuguan West RoadLanzhou 730020China Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences University of CopenhagenFrederiksberg DK-1870Denmark State Key Laboratory of Grassland and Agro-Ecosystems School of Life SciencesLanzhou University222 Tianshui RoadLanzhou 730000China

Aims The community succession theory is much debated in *** studied succession on Zokor rodent mounds on the Tibetan Plateau to address several fundamental questions,among them:(i)During secondary succession,does the community composition converge towards one community state or multiple states depending on the initial colonization?(ii)Do mound communities located in different background communities exhibit different assembly trajectories?Methods In a sub-alpine meadow,we investigated a total of 80 mound com-munities at several successional stages in three different background communities resulting from different management histories and compared their changes in species *** distribution of plant communities over time was analyzed with quantitative clas-sification and ordination *** co-occurrence patterns of species were evaluated at each successional stage,and the degree of convergence/divergence among communities was obtained by calculating two beta-diversity *** Findings During secondary succession,species richness of mound com-munities changed over time,and this change was dependent on the background *** life-form groups exhibited different dynamic patterns in species richness and plant *** composition and the degree of species co-occur-rence between communities increased over time since *** was much variation in species composition at earlier stages of succession,but communities on older mounds became more similar to each other and to their surrounding vegetation over the course of secondary ***-disturbance suc-cession of Zokor mound communities transitioned from‘multiple alternative states’to‘background-based deterministic commu-nity assembly’over *** between competition and colonization,as well as the characteristics of different life-forms and mass effects within a limited species pool are the mecha-nisms responsible for convergence of mound communities.

关键词： multiple alternative states background-based deterministic community assembly sub-alpine meadow disturbance plant communities

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Major ascaroside pheromone component asc-C5 influences reproductive plasticity among isolates of the invasive species pinewood nematode

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Integrative Zoology 2021年第6期16卷 893-907页

作者： Meiping ZHAO jacob D.WICKHAM Lilin ZHAO Jianghua SUN State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina

Pheromones are communication chemicals and regulatory signals used by animals and represent unique tools for organisms to mediate behaviors and make“decisions”to maximize their *** plasticity refers to the innate capacity of a species to tolerate a greater breadth of environmental conditions across which it adapts to improve its survival,reproduction,and *** pinewood nematode,Bursaphelenchus xylophilus,an invasive nematode species,was accidentally introduced from North America into Japan,China,and Europe;however,few studies have investigated its pheromones and phenotypic plasticity as a natural ***,we demonstrated a novel phenomenon,in which nematodes under the condition of pheromone presence triggered increased reproduction in invasive strains(JP1,JP2,CN1,CN2,EU1,and EU2),while it simultaneously decreased reproduction in native strains(US1 and US2).The bidirectional effect on fecundity,mediated by presence/absence of pheromones,is henceforth termed pheromone-regulative reproductive plasticity(PRRP).We further found that synthetic ascaroside asc-C5(ascr#9),the major pheromone component,plays a leading role in PRRP and identified 2 candidate receptor genes,Bxydaf-38 and Bxysrd-10,involved in perceiving *** results suggest that plasticity of reproductive responses to pheromones in pinewood nematode may increase its fitness in novel environments following *** opens up a new perspective for invasion biology and presents a novel strategy of invasion,suggesting that pheromones,in addition to their traditional roles in chemical signaling,can influence the reproductive phenotype among native and invasive *** addition,this novel mechanism could broadly explain,through comparative studies of native and invasive populations of animals,a potential underlying factor behind of the success of other biological invasions.

关键词： Bursaphelenchus xylophilus fecundity invasion phenotypic plasticity pheromone

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FLIGHT MANAGEMENT PROCEDURES FOR PHYSIOLOGICAL NOISE-MINIMAL LANDING TRAJECTORIES

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 1993年第4期 286-296页

作者： jacob H G Postfach 1109 Honeywell Regelsysteme GmbH

The future world-wide installation of the newly developed Microwave Landing System(MLS) will permit a four-dimensional (including time) guidance of aircraft in the airportarea with the combined advantages of safer, more economical flight paths with lessdetrimental environmental impact such as noise nuisance. The purpose of this paper is todemonstrate that the introduction of these advanced navigation and flight guidance technologieswill make it possible to compute and to apply continuously time-dependent commandinputs for an aircraft in a way which will minimize the noise annoyance for the populationliving in the neighborhood of the airport. The average physiological Effective PerceivedNoise Level in Sone as cost criterion is minimized (in the investigation for theoptimization calculations) with consideration of not only the location and population densityof living areas along the approach trajectory but also the effects of temperature andwind gradients on noise propagation. The results obtained for the AirportDusseldorf-Lohausen show that, even numerous design, comfort, and safety constraintsare taken into account, the noise exposure for the average airport area inhabitant could bereduced by over 20% relatively to conventional Standard Jeppesen Manual landing approachif the proposed optimal flight landing trajectory management procedure would beapplied.

关键词： FLIGHT MANAGEMENT PROCEDURES FOR PHYSIOLOGICAL NOISE-MINIMAL LANDING TRAJECTORIES Wind

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Uncertainty-averse TRANSCO planning for accommodating renewable energy in CO_(2)reduction environment

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2015年第1期3卷 24-32页

作者： Chunyu ZHANG Yi DING Qi WANG Yusheng XUE jacobØSTERGAARD Center for Electric Power and Energy Technical University of Denmark2800 Kgs.LyngbyDenmark State Grid Electric Power Research Institute(SGEPRI) Nanjing 210003China

The concern of the environment and energy sustainability requests a crucial target of CO_(2)abatement and results in a relatively high penetration of renewable energy generation in the transmission *** maintaining system reliability and security,the transmission company(TRANSCO)has to make strategic planning to handle the uncertainty challenges from the intermittent renewable energy *** this paper,a stochastic multi-period multi-objective transmission planning(MPMOTP)model is proposed to reduce correlated uncertainties from renewable energy generation,conventional generation,demand-side variations,market price volatility,and transmission *** objectives,*** CO_(2)reduction benefit,energy purchase and network expansion cost and power delivery profit,are optimized simultaneously by a developed two-phase multi-objective particle swarm optimization(MOPSO)*** feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed uncertainty-averse MPMOTP model have been verified by the IEEE 24-bus test system.

关键词： CO_(2)reduction Renewable energy Uncertainty Multi-objective planning TRANSCO MOPSO

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Recent advances in gecko adhesion and friction mechanisms and development of gecko-inspired dry adhesive surfaces

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Friction 2013年第2期1卷 114-129页

作者： Ming ZHOU Noshir PESIKA Hongbo ZENG Yu TIAN jacob ISRAELACHVILI State Key Laboratory of Tribology Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Department Tulane UniversityNew OrleansLA 70118USA Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering University of AlbertaEdmontonABT6G 2V4Canada Department of Chemical Engineering Materials Research LaboratoryUniversity of CaliforniaSanta BarbaraCalifornia 93106USA Institute of Mechanical Manufacturing Technology China Academy of Engineering PhysicsMianyang621900China

The remarkable ability of geckos to climb and run rapidly on walls and ceilings has recently received considerable interest from many *** progress has been made in understanding the attachment and detachment mechanisms and the fabrication of articulated gecko-inspired adhesives and structured *** article reviews the direct experiments that have investigated the properties of gecko hierarchical structures,i.e.,the feet,toes,setae,and spatulae,and the corresponding models to ascertain the mechanical principles *** in this review are reports on gecko-inspired surfaces and structures with strong adhesion forces,high ratios of adhesion and friction forces,anisotropic hierarchical structures that give rise to directional adhesion and friction,and“intelligent”attachment and detachment motions.

关键词： gecko feet surfaces setae spatulae anisotropic dry adhesion and friction articulated motion

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Current concepts on the role of nitric oxide in portal hypertension

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第11期19卷 1707-1717页

作者： Liang Shuo Hu jacob George Jian Hua Wang Storr Liver Unit Westmead Millennium Institute and Westmead HospitalUniversity of SydneyWestmeadNSW 2145Australia

Portal hypertension(PHT) is defined as a pathological increase in portal venous pressure and frequently accompanies *** pressure can be increased by a rise in portal blood flow,an increase in vascular resistance,or the *** cirrhosis,the primary factor leading to PHT is an increase in intra-hepatic resistance to blood *** much of this increase is a mechanical consequence of architectural disturbances,there is a dynamic and reversible component that represents up to a third of the increased vascular resistance in *** vasoactive substances contribute to the development of *** these,nitric oxide(NO) is the key mediator that paradoxically regulates the sinusoidal(intra-hepatic) and systemic/splanchnic *** deficiency in the liver leads to increased intra-hepatic resistance while increased NO in the circulation contributes to the hyperdynamic systemic/splanchnic *** mediated-angiogenesis also plays a role in splanchnic vasodilation and collateral circulation *** donors reduce PHT in animals models but the key clinical challenge is the development of an NO donor or drug delivery system that selectively targets the liver.

关键词： Nitric oxide Portal hypertension Hepatic stellate cell Liver cirrhosis

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Freeform spectrometer enabling increased compactness

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Light(Science & Applications) 2017年第1期6卷 646-655页

作者： jacob Reimers Aaron Bauer Kevin P Thompson Jannick P Rolland The Institute of Optics University of RochesterRochesterNY 14627USA Synopsys Inc.3 Graywood LanePittsfordNY 14534USA

We present optical designs with freeform optics in the context of hyperspectral *** show designs that are 5×more compact in volume than similar designs using conventional spherical or aspherical *** will show how combining the concepts of spatial and spectral-band broadening,which will be introduced in this paper,led to the improvement in compactness that is uniquely enabled by freeform optics.

关键词： aberrations freeform optics imaging spectrometer

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Great expectations

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作者： Charles Dickens edited by Edgar rosenberg.

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Nitrite sensor using activated biochar synthesised by microwave-assisted

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Waste Disposal and Sustainable Energy 2023年第1期5卷 1-11页

作者： Scarlett Allende Yang Liu Muhammad Adeel Zafar Mohan V.jacob Electronics Material Lab College of Science and EngineeringJames Cook UniversityTownsvilleQLD4811Australia College of Science and Engineering James Cook UniversityTownsvilleQLD4811Australia

Developing applications for the by-products obtained from waste processing is vital for resource *** synthesis of ZnCl2-activated biochar with high electrocatalytic activity was carried out by the microwave-assisted pyrolysis of pineapple peel and subsequent chemical activation *** biochar is employed in the electrochemical sensing of nitrite by drop casting in a glassy carbon electrode(GCE).The activated biochar exhibited a stacked carbon sheet,254 m2 g−1 Brunauer,Emmett and Teller(BET)surface area,0.076 cm3 g−1 pore volume,189.53 m2 g−1 micropore area and oxygen-containing functional *** electrochemical impedance spectroscopy of the modified GCE showed a reduced charge transfer resistance of 61%.This is crucial to determine the electrochemical properties of *** sensor showed a significant current response and an excellent limit of detection of 0.97µmol L−*** modified-activated biochar electrochemical sensor demonstrated high selectivity,reproducibility(RSD=2.4%),and stability(RSD=2.6%).

关键词： Microwave-assisted pyrolysis Biochar Nitrite Electrochemical sensor

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Bacterial degradation of coal discard and geologically weathered coal

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International Journal of Coal Science & Technology 2020年第2期7卷 405-416页

作者： jacob Taiwo Olawale Oghenekume Gerald Edeki Ashton Keith Cowan Institute for Environmental Biotechnology Rhodes University(EBRU)P.O.Box 94Makhanda6140South Africa

The biodegradation of coal discard is being intensively studied in South Africa in an effort to develop passive methods for the successful revegetation and rehabilitation of waste dumps, to mitigate pollution, and facilitate mine closure. Bacteria were isolated from slurries of coal tailings and diesel-contaminated soil, screened for coal biodegradation competence, characterized, and the colonization and degradation of coal discard and geologically weathered coal investigated using individual isolates and consortia. Ten novel coal-degrading bacterial strains were isolated and characterized, the gene sequences deposited with GenBank, and the (wild-type) strains deposited at Microbial Culture Collection, India. The results from the present work show that bituminous coal discard and geologically weathered coal is used by these isolates as carbon and energy source. Isolated strains and consortia colonized and degraded both coal substrates. Growth rate of the isolates is faster and stationery phase achieved sooner in minimal medium containing geologically weathered coal. This observation suggests that the oxygen-rich weathered coal is a more friable substrate and thus readily colonised and biodegraded. A reduction in mass of substrate is demonstrated for both individual isolates and consortia. The changes in pH and associated media colouration occurred concomitant with formation of humic acid-like (HS) and fulvic acid-like substances (FS) which is confirmed following analysis of these products by FT-IR spectroscopy. It is concluded that preferential metabolism of alkanes from the coal substrates provided the carbon and energy for bacterial growth and transformation of the substrates to HS and FS.

关键词： Bacteria Biodegradation Coal discard Humic acid Fulvic acid FT-IR Geologically weathered coal

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