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Recent advances in 2D,3D and higher-order topological photonics

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Light(Science & Applications) 2020年第1期9卷 763-792页

作者： minkyung Kim Zubin jacob Junsuk Rho Department of mechanical Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology(POSTECH)Pohang 37673Republic of Korea School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Birck Nanotechnology CenterPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN 47906USA Department of Chemical Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology(POSTECH)Pohang 37673Republic of Korea

Over the past decade,topology has emerged as a major branch in broad areas of physics,from atomic lattices to condensed *** particular,topology has received significant attention in photonics because light waves can serve as a platform to investigate nontrivial bulk and edge physics with the aid of carefully engineered photonic crystals and ***,photonics provides enriched physics that arises from spin-1 vectorial electromagnetic ***,we review recent progress in the growing field of topological photonics in three *** first part is dedicated to the basics of topological band theory and introduces various two-dimensional topological *** second part reviews three-dimensional topological phases and numerous approaches to achieve them in ***,we present recently emerging fields in topological photonics that have not yet been *** part includes topological degeneracies in nonzero dimensions,unidirectional maxwellian spin waves,higher-order photonic topological phases,and stacking of photonic crystals to attain layer *** addition to the various approaches for realizing photonic topological phases,we also discuss the interaction between light and topological matter and the efforts towards practical applications of topological photonics.

关键词： topological topology dimensions

mechanisms and treatment strategies of demyelinating and dysmyelinating Charcot-marie-Tooth disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第9期18卷 1931-1939页

作者： Nadège Hertzog Claire jacob Faculty of Biology Institute of Developmental Biology and NeurobiologyJohannes Gutenberg University MainzHanns-Dieter-Hüsch-WegMainzGermany

Schwann cells,the myelinating glia of the peripheral nervous system,wrap axons multiple times to build their myelin *** is of paramount importance for axonal integrity and fast axon potential ***,myelin is lacking or dysfunctional in several neuropathies including demyelinating and dysmyelinating Charcot-m arie-To oth ***-marie-To oth disease represents the most prevalent inherited neuropathy in humans and is classified either as axonal,demyelinating or dysmyelinating,or as *** demyelinating or dysmyelinating forms of Charcot-marie-Tooth disease constitute the majority of the disease cases and are most frequently due to mutations in the three following myelin genes:peripheral myelin protein 22,myelin protein ze ro and gap junction beta 1(coding for Connexin 32) causing Charcot-m arie-Tooth disease type 1A,Charcot-marie-Tooth disease type 1B,and X-linked Charcot-m arie-Tooth disease type 1,*** resulting perturbation of myelin structure and function leads to axonal demyelination or dysmyelination and causes severe disabilities in affected *** treatment to cure or slow down the disease progression is currently available on the market,howeve r,scientific discoveries led to a better understanding of the pathomechanisms of the disease and to potential treatment *** this review,we describe the features and molecular mechanisms of the three main demyelinating or dysmyelinating forms of Charcot-marie-Tooth disease,the rodent models used in research,and the emerging therapeutic approaches to cure or counteract the progression of the disease.

关键词： Charcot-marie-Tooth disease rodent models emerging treatments demyelination and dysmyelination endoplasmic reticulum stress gene therapy myelin repair Schwann cells unfolded protein response

Climate drives differences in the germination niche of a globally distributed invasive grass

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2020年第2期13卷 195-203页

作者： Rebecca A.Fletcher Kayla m.Varnon jacob N.Barney Virginia Tech School of Plant and Environmental Sciences675 Old Glade RdBlacksburgVA 24061USA

Aims Exotic invasive species are often exposed to strong selection pressures in their new ranges that can often lead to substantial intraspecific *** differentiation in the timing of life history events in response to climate gradients is thought to be an important mechanism facilitating the range expansion of many invasive *** seed producing plants,the timing of seed germination determines the first environmental conditions experienced by newly emerged germinates,and can have important implications for the successful colonization,establishment and spread of invasive plants—though the role of germination in the success of invasive plants remains poorly *** We assessed the variation in seed germination dynamics among 10 populations of the invasive plant Johnsongrass(Sorghum halepense)across its North American distribution,capturing both a temperature and precipitation gradient,and whether that variation is associated with home *** were exposed to a wide range of temperatures(11–48℃)and two water availability *** Findings We found that Johnsongrass seeds germinated across a wide range of temperatures,but there was substantial variation among populations in the proportion of seeds that germinated in response to both temperature and water *** indicates that as Johnsongrass expanded its range from warmer climates into cooler climates,there was a concurrent shift in the germination temperature niche to cooler *** results suggest that the germination of Johnsongrass seeds has adapted to home climate allowing this invader to maximize germination throughout its range,and that this may be an important contributing factor to its invasion into new environments.

关键词： adaptation among-population variation Johnsongrass Sorghum halepense temperature water availability

Endocannabinoids are potential inhibitors of glioblastoma multiforme proliferation

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Journal of Integrative medicine 2023年第2期21卷 120-129页

作者： Ashraf Duzan Desiree Reinken Timothy L.mcGomery Nicholas m.Ferencz jacob m.Plummer mufeed m.Basti School of Pharmacy Wingate UniversityWingateNC 28174USA Applied Science and Technology Department North Carolina State University of Agriculture and TechnologyGreensboroNC 27411USA College of Nursing University of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraCO 80045USA Collage of Arts and Science Department of Chemistry and PhysicsWingate UniversityWingateNC 28174USA

Globally,it is evident that glioblastoma multiforme(GBm)is an aggressive malignant cancer with a high mortality rate and no effective treatment *** is classified as the stage-four progression of a glioma tumor,and its diagnosis results in a shortened life *** options for GBm include chemotherapy,immunotherapy,surgical intervention,and conventional pharmacotherapy;however,at best,they extend the patient’s life by a maximum of 5 *** are considered incurable due to their high recurrence rate,despite various aggressive therapeutic approaches which can have many serious adverse ***,classified as endocannabinoids,offer a promising novel therapeutic approach for *** may enhance the apoptosis of GBm cells but have no effect on normal healthy neural *** promote atypical protein kinase C,deactivate fatty acid amide hydrolase enzymes,and activate transient receptor potential vanilloid 1(TRPV1)and TRPV2 to induce pro-apoptotic signaling pathways without increasing endogenous *** previous in vivo studies,endocannabinoids,chemically classified as amide formations of oleic and palmitic acids,have been shown to increase the pro-apoptotic activity of human cancer cells and inhibit cell migration and *** review focuses on the biological synthesis and pharmacology of endogenous cannabinoids for the enhancement of cancer cell apoptosis,which have potential as a novel therapy for GBm.

关键词： Glioblastoma Endocannabinoids Ceramide Apoptosis Chemotherapy Cancer

Benoxacor is enantioselectively metabolized by microsomes and cytosol from the human liver

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Emerging Contaminants 2023年第1期9卷 10-19页

作者： Derek Simonsen jacob Heffelfinger David m.Cwiertny Hans-Joachim Lehmler Department of Occupational and Environmental Health The University of IowaIowa CityIA52242United States Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology The University of IowaIowa CityIA52242United States IIHR Hydroscience and Engineering The University of IowaIowa CityIA52242United States Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering The University of IowaIowa CityIA52242United States Center for Health Effects of Environmental Contamination The University of IowaIowa CityIA52242United States

Benoxacor is a safener added to current-use herbicide formulations to protect the target crop from herbicidal *** is an emerging environmental contaminant that has been detected in surface waters,raising the possibility of human exposure via drinking *** it is not subject to the same regulations as active pesticide ingredients,its metabolism and toxicity in humans have not been *** we investigate the enantioselective metabolism of benoxacor in human subcellular *** human liver microsomes(pHLm)and cytosol(pHLC)were incubated with racemic benoxacor for up to *** chromatographic analyses were used to measure the enantioselective depletion of *** with and without nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate(NADPH,co-factor for cytochrome P450 enzymes[CYPs])and pHLC with glutathione(GSH,co-factor for glutathione Stransferases[GSTs])metabolized *** results demonstrate that microsomal CYPs,microsomal carboxylesterase(CESs),and cytosolic GSTs metabolize *** were predicted to have a higher clearance of benoxacor by GSTs than *** and female pHLm incubations with NADPH showed enrichment of the first eluting benoxacor enantiomer(E1-benoxacor).pHLm incubations without NADPH and pHLC incubations with GSH showed an enrichment of the second eluting enantiomer of benoxacor(E2-benoxacor).Our results indicate that human hepatic microsomal and cytosolic enzymes enantioselectively metabolize benoxacor,a fact that needs to be considered when investigating human exposures and toxicities of benoxacor.

关键词： cor metabolism depletion

Repositioning imatinib for spinal cord injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2015年第10期10卷 1591-1593页

作者： jacob Kjell Lars Olson Department of Neuroscience Karolinska Institutet Department of Physiological Genomics Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München(LMU)

Efforts to pharmacologically restore central nervous system（CNS）function after injury has historically focused on promoting nerve growth with nerve growth factors such as nerve growth factor（NGF）,neurotrophin 3（... 详细信息

关键词： Repositioning imatinib for spinal cord injury BSCB BBB

Endemics and endangered species in the biodiversity hotspot of the Shada mountains, Saudi Arabia

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Journal of Arid Land 2017年第1期9卷 109-121页

作者： jacob THOmAS mohamed A EL-SHEIKH Abdulrehman A ALATAR Department of Botany & microbiology College of Science King Saud University Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia Botany Department Faculty of Science Damanhour University Damanhour 22516 Egypt

Shada mountains in Saudi Arabia, separated by maleel Wadi into twin mountains（i.e., Shada Alalah and Shada Asfal）, are rich in biodiversity. We investigated the diversity of endemics and endangered species of the mountains based on the data collected from 38 stands falling in 8 elevational zones ranging from 500 to 2215 m a.s.l. Results indicated that 495 plant species falling in 314 genera and 76 families occurred in the Shada mountains, including 19 endemic species and 43 endangered species, and accounting for 22% of the total flora in Saudi Arabia. Canonical correlation analysis indicated that physiographic features, particularly altitude play an important role in the frequency and abundance of species. Endemics were not evenly distributed in the Shada mountains and mostly restricted in the elevation zone of 1000–1500 or ＆gt;1500 m a.s.l. When the altitude reached up to 2000 m a.s.l., the endemics decreased substantially due to the significantly low temperature. The endangered species existed three different distribution patterns：（i） most endangered species distributed in the altitudes of 1000–1800 m a.s.l.;（ii） endangered trees, lianas, and shrubs occupied the altitudes 1000–1300 m a.s.l.; and（iii） endangered subshrubs and herbs inhabited the altitudes 1500–2100 m a.s.l. The results demonstrated that the biodiversity of endangered species in the Shada mountains is high and undisturbed by invasive species, and protective measures should be taken against human disturbances to the small-scale hotspot.

关键词： elevational gradient invasion Shada Alalah Shada Asfal Wadi Jof

Auditing and design evaluation of building automation and control systems based on *** system audit-Danish case study

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能源与人工环境(英文) 2021年第1期2卷 34-44页

作者： jacob Alstrup Engvang muhyiddine Jradi Center for Energy Informatics The Mcersk Mc-Kinney Moller InstituteUniversity of Southern Denmark5230 Odense MDenmark

Improving the energy performance of buildings will prove vital for countries worldwide to reduce their energy consumption and emissions.A key player in reaching this goal is building automation and control,as having well-designed and operated building automation and control systems(BACS)provide large capabilities in optimizing the energy performance of different *** this regard,building owners and planners must be able to assess and evaluate the current status of their BACS and identify potential *** there has been a large block of work done in Denmark along with regulations aiming to audit the overall building performance and individual systems characteristics,very little has been done in the field of auditing the building automation and control system and evaluating its structure and operation *** lack of systematic BACS auditing and evaluation in Danish buildings is addressed in this work with the first implementation and evaluation of the *** System methodology in a university office *** building was found to comply with the lowest automation and control class *** BACS retrofit packages were proposed and evaluated,and energy savings up to 28.5%are *** preliminary assessment results reported demonstrate the potential of building automation and control retrofit measures in a combined holistic improvement package alongside building envelope *** addition,the impact of the *** System improvements and labeling on the building’s classification based on the recent Danish building regulation BR18 is *** study discusses the feasibility of *** System tool implementation in Danish buildings and suggests *** also correlates and compares the *** System audit to the upcoming European SRI *** light of the huge efforts to digitalize the Danish energy sector,ensuring proper design and operation of BACS is of great ***,a systematic and methodical BACS auditing and eva

关键词： Building automation and control system Bacs System auditing Eu.bac system EN 15,232 Danish case study

Chemical composition of Galla chinensis extract and the effect of its main component(s) on the prevention of enamel demineralization in vitro

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International Journal of Oral Science 2012年第3期4卷 146-151页

作者： Xue-Lian Huang ming-Dong Liu Ji-Yao Li Xue-Dong Zhou jacob m ten Cate State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Sichuan UniversityChengduChina West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan UniversityChengduChina Department of Cariology Endodontology Pedodontology Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam(ACTA)University of Amsterdam and Free University AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands Department of Analytical Toxicology West China School of Preclinical and Forensic MedicineSichuan UniversityChengduChina

To determine the chemical composition of Galla chinensisextract （GCE） by several analysis techniques and to compare the efficacy of GCE and its main component（s） in inhibition of enamel demineralization, for the development of future anticaries agents, main organic composition of GCE was qualitatively determined by liquid chromatography-time of flight-mass spectrometry （LC-TOF-mS） and quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector （HPLC-DAD）. Inorganic ions were tested by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy and F was especially measured by ion chromatography. Then, bovine enamel blocks were randomly divided into four treatment groups and were subjected to a pH-cycling regime for 12 times. Each cycle included 5-min applications with one of four treatments： 4g.L-1 GCE solution, 4g.L-1 gallic acid （GA） solution, I g.L-1 NaF solution （positive control）, deionized water （DDW, negative control）, and then 60-min application in pH 5.0 acidic buffer and 5-min application in neutral buffer. Acidic buffers were retained for calcium analysis. The main organic composition of GCE were GA and its isomer, and, to a lesser extent, small molecule gallotannins. The content of GA in GCE was 71.3%±0.2% （w/w）. Inorganic ions were present in various amounts, of which Ca was （136±2.82） μg.g-1, and Zn was （6.8±0.1） μg.g-1. No F was detected in GCE. in pH cycling, GA showed an effect similar to GCE in inhibiting enamel demineralization （P〉0.05）. GA was found to be the main effective, demineralization inhibiting component of GCE and could be a promising agent for the development of anticaries agents.

关键词： active component Galla chinensis gallic acid composition dental caries