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Imaging mass spectrometry:a molecular microscope for studying the role of lipids in Parkinson's disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第6期19卷 1179-1180页

作者： Vinata Vedam-mai jacob m.Samuel Boone m.Prentice Department of Neurology University of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA Department of Chemistry University of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA

Parkinson's disease–A lipidopathy?The histopathological hallmark of Parkinson's disease(PD)and dementia with Lewy bodies are inclusions enriched inα-synuclein(α-syn),known as Lewy bodies,which are not only composed of proteins,but also a core of lipid *** has been thus far principally thought of as a“proteinopathy”caused by the misfolding of α-syn.

关键词： lipids species folding

Thermal History of Cambrian Burgess Shale-Type Deposits:New Insights from the Early Cambrian Chengjiang and Qingjiang Fossils of South China

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Journal of Earth Science 2024年第4期35卷 1215-1223页

作者： Yuheng Qiao Linhao Cui Guangyuan Xing Dongjing Fu Chao Chang Robert gaines Xingliang Zhang State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics Shaanxi Key laboratory of Early Life and EnvironmentsDepartment of GeologyNorthwest UniversityXi’an710069China Department of Geology Pomona CollegeClaremontCA91711USA

Burgess Shale-type deposits provide a wealth of information on the early evolution of *** that are central to understanding the exceptional preservation of these biotas and the paleoenvironments they inhabited may be obscured by the post-depositional alteration due to metamorphism at depth and weathering near the Earth’s *** over 50 Cambrian BST biotas,the Chengjiang and Qingjiang deposits are well known for their richness of soft-bodied taxa,fidelity of preservation,and Early Cambrian *** alteration via weathering has been well-investigated,the thermal maturity of the units bearing the two biotas has not yet been *** we investigate peak metamorphic temperatures of the two deposits using two independent *** gradient analyses demonstrate that the most fossiliferous sections of the Chengjiang were buried at a maximum depth of∼8500 m in the Early Triassic,corresponding to∼300°C,while the type area of the Qingjiang biota was buried at a maximum depth of∼8700 m in the Early Jurassic,corresponding to∼240°*** geothermometer analyses of fossil carbonaceous material demonstrate that peak temperatures varied across localities with different burial *** two productive sections of the Chengjiang biota were thermally altered at a peak temperature of approximately 300°C,and the main locality of the Qingjiang biota experienced a peak temperature of 238±22°*** results from two independent methods are *** BST deposits for which thermal maturity has been documented,the Qingjiang biota is the least thermally mature,and therefore holds promise for enriching our understanding of BST deposits.

关键词： the Chengjiang Biota the Qingjiang Biota burial history Raman geothermometer thermal history Burgess Shale-type Lagerstätte

Developing fertility control for rodents: a framework for researchers and practitioners

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第1期19卷 87-107页

作者： Giovanna mASSEI Jens jacob Lyn A.HINDS Botstiber Institute for Wildlife Fertility Control Department of Environment and GeographyUniversity of YorkHeslingtonYorkUK Rodent Research Institute for Epidemiology and Pathogen DiagnosticsJulius Kühn–Institute(JKI)Federal Research Institute for Cultivated PlantsMünsterGermany CSIRO Health and Biosecurity CanberraACTAustralia

Fertility control is often heralded as a humane and effective technique for management of overabundant wildlife,including *** intention is to reduce the use of lethal and inhumane methods,increase farm productivity and food security as well as reduce disease transmission,particularly of *** developed a framework to guide researchers and stakeholders planning to assess the effectiveness of a potential contraceptive agent for a particular *** guidelines describe the overarching research questions which must be sequentially addressed to ensure adequate data are collected so that a contraceptive can be registered for use in broad-scale rodent *** framework indicates that studies should be undertaken iteratively and,at times,in parallel,with initial research being conducted on(1)laboratory-based captive assessments of contraceptive effects in individuals;(2)simulation of contraceptive delivery using bait markers and/or surgical sterilization of different proportions of afield-based or enclosure population to determine how population dynamics are affected;(3)development of mathematical models which predict the outcomes of different fertility control scenarios;and(4)implementation of large-scale,replicated trials to validate contraceptive efficacy under various management-scalefield *** some circumstances,fertility control may be most effective when integrated with other methods(*** culling).Assessment of non-target effects,direct and indirect,and the environmental fate of the contraceptive must also be *** fertility control for a species is a resource-intensive commitment but will likely be less costly than the ongoing environmental and economic impacts by rodents and rodenticides in many contexts.

关键词： captive studies field applications modeling oral contraceptive delivery population management rodents

In vivo measurement of NADH fluorescence lifetime in skeletal muscle via -ber-coupled time-correlated single photon counting

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Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 2024年第1期17卷 121-134页

作者： Kathryn m.Priest jacob V.Schluns Nathania Nischal Colton L.Gattis Jeffrey C.Wolchok Timothy J.muldoon Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Arkansas FayettevilleARUSA

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide(NADH)is a cofactor that serves to shuttle electrons during metabolic processes such as glycolysis,the tricarboxylic acid cycle,and oxidative phosphorylation(OXPHOS).NADH is autofluorescent,and itsfluorescence lifetime can be used to infer metabolic dynamics in living ***-coupled time-correlated single photon counting(TCSPC)equipped with an implantable needle probe can be used to measure NADH lifetime in vivo,enabling investigation of changing metabolic demand during muscle contraction or tissue *** study illustrates a proof of concept for point-based,minimally-invasive NADHfluorescence lifetime measurement in *** muscle loss(VmL)injuries were created in the left tibialis anterior(TA)muscle of male Sprague Dawley *** lifetime measurements were collected before,during,and after a 30 s tetanic contraction in the injured and uninjured TA muscles,which was subsequently-t to a biexponential decay model to yield a metric of NADH utilization(cytoplasmic vs protein-bound NADH,the A11/A22 ratio).On average,this ratio was higher during and after contraction in uninjured muscle compared to muscle at rest,suggesting higher levels of free NADH in contracting and recovering muscle,indicating increased rates of *** injured muscle,this ratio was higher than uninjured muscle overall but decreased over time,which is consistent with current knowledge of inflammatory response to injury,suggesting tissue regeneration has *** data suggest that-ber-coupled TCSPC has the potential to measure changes in NADH binding in vivo in a minimally invasive manner that requires further investigation.

关键词： Glycolysis oxidative phosphorylation energy metabolism volumetric muscle loss

Development of surrogate-optimization models for a novel transcritical power cycle integrated with a small modular reactor

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Energy and AI 2024年第1期15卷 15-25页

作者： Yili Zhang jacob Bryan Geordie Richards Hailei Wang Department of mechanical&Aerospace Engineering Utah State UniversityLoganUT 84322USA

In recent years,various types of surrogate optimization models have been proposed to reduce the computational time and to improve the emulation *** this study,by leveraging an ANN surrogate model developed earlier,a comprehensive and efficient optimization algorithm is conceived for the global optimal design of an integrated regenerative methanol transcritical *** combines a unique converging/diverging classifier model into the surrogate model to form a surrogate-based model,which significantly improves the prediction accuracy of the objective *** binary classifiers are explored and the multi-layer feed-forward(mLF)neural network classifier is *** addition,within the five global optimizers being explored,the basinhopping(BH)and dual-annealing(DA)are *** optimal surrogate-based model and global optimizers are then combined to form a unique surrogate-optimizer *** surrogate-optimizer model is slightly outperformed by the physics-based model in terms of the optimization results,the time consumption of the surrogate-optimizer model during the optimization searching process is 99%less than that of the physicsbased *** the results,the surrogate-optimizer model is slightly outperformed by the physics-based model in terms of the optimization results,where the Levelized Cost of Energy(LCOE)of the Surrogate-DA and Surrogate-BH models are 77.912 and 78.876$/mWh,respectively,compared to the 77.190$/mWh of the Baseline model with fairly close penalties between *** the meantime,the time consumption of the surrogate-optimizer model during the optimization searching process is 99%less than that of the physics-based model.

关键词： Surrogate model Optimization Binary classifier model Global optimizer Thermodynamic model Transcritical cycle Small modular reactors

Small mammal community composition impacts bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus) population dynamics and associated seroprevalence of Puumala orthohantavirus

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第1期19卷 52-65页

作者： Felicitas maria BUJNOCH Daniela REIL Stephan DREWES Ulrike mROSENFELD Rainer G.ULRICH Jens jacob Christian ImHOLT Julius Kühn-Institute Federal Research Centre for Cultivated PlantsInstitute for Epidemiology and Pathogen DiagnosticsRodent ResearchMünsterGermany University of münster Institute for Evolution and BiodiversityMünsterGermany Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut Federal Research Institute for Animal HealthInstitute of Novel and Emerging Infectious DiseasesGreifswald-Insel RiemsGermany

Rodents are important reservoirs for zoonotic pathogens that cause diseases in *** is hypoth-esized to be closely related to pathogen prevalence through multiple direct and indirect *** example,the presence of non-host species can reduce contact rates of the main reservoir host and thus reduce the risk of transmission(“dilution effect”).In addition,an overlap in ecological niches between two species could lead to increased interspecific competition,potentially limiting host densities and reducing density-dependent pathogen transmission *** this study,we investigated the relative impact of population-level regulation of direct and indirect drivers of the prevalence of Puumala orthohantavirus(PUUV)in bank voles(Clethrionomys glareolus)during years with high *** compiled data on small mammal community composition from four regions in Germany between 2010 and *** equation modeling revealed a strong seasonality in PUUV control mechanisms in bank *** abundance of shrews tended to have a negative relationship with host abundance,and host abundance positively influenced PUUV seroprevalence,while at the same time increasing the abundance of competing non-hosts like the wood mouse(Apodemus sylvaticus)and the yellow-neckedfield mouse(Apodemusflavicollis)were associated with reduced PUUV seroprevalence in the *** results indicate that for PUUV in bank voles,dilution is associated with increased interspecific *** pressures leading to the decline of Apodemus *** a specific habitat could lead to the amplification of mechanisms promoting PUUV transmission within the host populations.

关键词： bank vole biodiversity Puumala orthohantavirus small mammals

Aging impairs the osteocytic regulation of collagen integrity and bone quality

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Bone Research 2024年第1期12卷 78-94页

作者： Charles A.Schurman Serra Kaya Neha Dole Nadja m.maldonado Luna Natalia Castillo Ryan Potter jacob P.Rose Joanna Bons Christina D.King Jordan B.Burton Birgit Schilling Simon melov Simon Tang Eric Schaible Tamara Alliston Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCA 94143USA UC Berkeley/UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering San FranciscoCA 94143USA Buck Institute for Research on Aging NovatoCA 94945USA Washington University in St Louis Department of OrthopedicsSt.LouisMO 63130USA Advanced Light Source Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA 94720USA

Poor bone quality is a major factor in skeletal fragility in elderly *** molecular mechanisms that establish and maintain bone quality,independent of bone mass,are unknown but are thought to be primarily determined by *** hypothesize that the age-related decline in bone quality results from the suppression of osteocyte perilacunar/canalicular remodeling(PLR),which maintains bone material *** examined bones from young and aged mice with osteocyte-intrinsic repression of TGFβsignaling(TβRII^(ocy−/−))that suppresses *** control aged bone displayed decreased TGFβsignaling and PLR,but aging did not worsen the existing PLR suppression in male TβRII^(ocy−/−)*** relationship impacted the behavior of collagen material at the nanoscale and tissue scale in macromechanical *** effects of age on bone mass,density,and mineral material behavior were independent of osteocytic TGFβ.We determined that the decline in bone quality with age arises from the loss of osteocyte function and the loss of TGFβ-dependent maintenance of collagen integrity.

关键词： maintain primarily integrity

Effect of Galla chinensis on the In Vitro Remineralization of Advanced Enamel Lesions

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International Journal of Oral Science 2010年第1期2卷 15-20页

作者： jacob m.ten Cate Department of Cariology EndodontologyPedodontologyAcademic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA)

Aim The effect of Galla chinensis on de-/re-mineralization of advanced enamel lesions was investigated by using micro-CT in a prolonged in vitro experiment. methodology Baseline mineral contents of sound enamels were first analyzed. Then lesions were produced in an acidic buffer solution （2.2 mmol.L-1 Ca（NO3）2, 2.2 mmol-L1 KH2PO4, and pH=4.5） for 21 days, with thrice daily three-minute treatments, divided into four groups： Group A, 4 000 ppm crude aqueous extract of Galla chinensis （GCE）; Group B, 4 000 ppm gallic acid; Group C, 1 000 ppm F aq. （as NaF, positive control）; Group D, deionized water （negative control）. Next, the blocks were immersed in a remineralization solution （1.5 *** CaC12, 0.9 mmol.L1 KH2PO4, 0.1 ppm F, and pH=7,0） for 200 days. mineral loss （mL） in each region of interest （ROI） and integrated mineral loss （ImL） of the lesions were calculated （comparing with baseline mineral content of sound enamel） at different time points. Results After 21 days demineralization, fluoride treatment showed a statistically significant demineralization-inhibiting effect among the four groups, and after 200 days of remineralization, mineral content recovery was ordered （lowest to highest） as A=C〈B〈D. Conclusion GCE could slow down the remineralization of enamel in the surface layer and thereby facilitate ion transport into the lesion body. The mechanism of Galla chinensis in enhancing the remineralization of dental caries is different from fluoride.

关键词： demineralization remineralization advanced enamel lesion Galla chinensis

Validity of continuous-failure-state unloading triaxial tests as a means to estimate the residual strength of rocks

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Journal of Rock mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2021年第4期13卷 717-726页

作者： Gabriel Walton Steven gaines Leandro R.Alejano Department of Geology and Engineering Geology Colorado School of MinesGoldenCO80401USA Natural Resources Canada CanmetMININGOttawaOntarioK1A 1M1Canada Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Engineering Universidad de VigoVigo36310Spain

The residual strength of rocks and rock masses is an important parameter to be constrained for analysis and design purposes in many rock engineering applications.A residual strength envelope in principal stress space is typically developed using residual strength data obtained from compression tests on many different specimens of the same rock *** this study,we examined the potential for use of the continuous-failure-state testing concept as a means to constrain the residual strength envelope using a limited number of ***,cylindrical specimens of three rock types(granodiorite,diabase,and Stanstead granite)were unloaded at the residual state such that a full residual strength envelope for each individual specimen was *** a residual strength model that introduces a single new strength parameter(the residual strength index,or RSI),the results of the continuous-failurestate unloading tests were compared to conventionally obtained residual strength ***,the continuous-failure-state residual strength data were found to be consistent with the conventional residual strength ***,it was identified that the primary factor limiting an accurate characterization of the residual strength for a given rock type is not the amount of data for a given specimen,but the variety of specimens available to characterize the inherent variability of the rock unit of ***,the use of continuous-failure-state testing for estimation of the residual strength of a rock unit is only recommended when the number of specimens available for testing is very limited(i.e.<5).

关键词： Residual strength Continuous-failure-state testing Compression testing Brittle rock mechanics