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Species traits and shoot-root biom.ss allocation in 20 dry-grassland species

Journal of Plant Ecology 2018年第2期11卷 273-285页

作者： Iveta Husáková jacob Weiner Zuzana m.nzbergová Departm.nt of Botany Faculty of ScienceCharles UniversityBenátská2CZ-12801 PragueCzech Republic Institute of Botany Academy of Sciences of the Czech RepublicZámek 1CZ-25243 PrůhoniceCzech Republic Departm.nt of Plant and Environm.ntal Sciences University of CopenhagenThorvaldsensvej 40DK-1871 FrederiksbergDenmark

Aim. A plant has a lim.ted am.unt of resources at any tim. and it allo-cates them.to different *** spite of the large num.er of previous studies on allocation patterns within single species,knowledge of general patterns in species allocation is still very *** is because each study was done in different condi-tions using different m.thodology,m.king generalization *** investigate intraspecific above-versus below-ground biom.ss allocation am.ng individuals across a spectrum.of dry-grassland plant species at two different developm.ntal stages and ask whether allocation is age-and species specific,and whether differences am.ng species can be explained by their life-history traits and *** We collected data on above-and below-ground biom.ss of seedlings and adult plants of 20 species from.a com.on garden *** analysed data on shoot-root biom.ss allocation allom.trically and studied the relationship between the allom.tric exponents(slopes on log-log scale),species life-history traits and phylogenetic *** Findings We found isom.tric as well as allom.tric patterns of biom.ss alloca-tion in the studied *** and adult individuals of m.re than half of the species differed in their above-versus below-ground biom.ss allom.tric *** and adult individuals of the rem.ining species differed in their allom.tric coefficients(inter-cepts).Annual species generally allocated proportionally m.re to above-than below-ground biom.ss as seedlings than as adults,whereas perennial species showed the opposite *** life-history traits,such as plant life span,age of first flowering,m.nth in which the species begin flowering and specific leaf area were m.ch m.re im.ortant in explaining differences in shoot-root allom.try am.ng species than were phylogenetic *** suggests that allocation patterns vary greatly am.ng closely related species but can be predicted based on species life-hi

关键词： above-ground biom.ss below-ground biom.ss allom.try isom.try seedling adult plant life-history traits phylogenetic relatedness root-shoot ratio

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Am.dified Search and Rescue Optim.zation Based Node Localization Technique inWSN

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Com.uters, m.terials & Continua 2022年第1期70卷 1229-1245页

作者： Sum. Sira jacob K.m.thum.yil m.Kavitha Lijo jacob Varghese m.Ilayaraja Irina V.Pustokhina Denis A.Pustokhin Departm.nt of Com.uter Science and Engineering Christian College of Engineering and TechnologyOddanchatram624619India Departm.nt of Inform.tion Technology PSNA College of Engineering and TechnologyDindigul624622India Departm.nt of Electronics and Com.unication Engineering K.Ramakrishnan College of TechnologyTiruchirappalli621112India Departm.nt of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Christian College of Engineering and TechnologyOddanchatram624619India School of Com.uting Kalasalingam Academy of Research and EducationKrishnankoil626128India Departm.nt of Entrepreneurship and Logistics Plekhanov Russian University of EconomicsMoscow117997Russia Departm.nt of Logistics State University of ManagementMoscow109542Russia

Wireless sensor network(WSN)is an em.rging technology which find useful in several application areas such as healthcare,environm.ntalm.nitoring,border surveillance,*** issues that exist in the designing of WSN are node localization,coverage,energy efficiency,security,and so *** spite of the issues,node localization is considered an im.ortant issue,which intends to calculate the coordinate points of unknown nodes with the assistance of *** efficiency of the WSN can be considerably influenced by the node localization ***,this paper presents a m.dified search and rescue optim.zation based node localization technique(m.RONLT)*** m.jor aim.of them.RO-NLT technique is to determ.ne the positioning of the unknown nodes in *** the traditional search and rescue optim.zation(SRO)algorithm.suffers from.the local optim. problem.ith an increase in num.er of iterations,m.RO algorithm.is developed by the incorporation of chaotic m.ps to im.rovise the diversity of the *** application of the concept of chaotic m.p to the characteristics of the traditional SRO algorithm.helps to achieve better exploration ability of the m.RO *** order to validate the effective node localization perform.nce of the m.RO-NLT algorithm.a set of sim.lations were perform.d to highlight the suprem.cy of the presented m.del.A detailed com.arative results analysis showcased the betterm.nt of the m.RO-NLT technique over the other com.ared m.thods in term. of different m.asures.

关键词： Node localization WSN chaotic m.p search and rescue optim.zation algorithm localization error

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Seism.c and Tectonic Correspondence of m.jor Earthquake Regions in Southern Ghana with m.d-Atlantic Transform.Fracture Zones

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International Journal of Geosciences 2013年第10期4卷 1326-1332页

作者： jacob m. Kutu Departm.nt of Geology University of Ghana Accra Ghana

For four centuries now, southern Ghana has been known to be seism.cally active, and there is no clear geological explanation for the cause of the seism.city. By evaluating new field data and inform.tion with re-interpreted historical earthquake data of southern Ghana, the nature of the seism.city of southern Ghana has been elucidated. The m.tual connection between the earthquake epicentres and the rem.te causes by m.d-Atlantic transform.faults and fracture zones has been established. The seism.c regions of southern Ghana have been linked separately to tectonic faults and activities of the St. Paul’s and Rom.nche transform.fracture zone system. offshore in the Gulf of Guinea to onshore. It is concluded that the seism.city of southern Ghana is due to tectonic activities of the St. Paul’s and Rom.nche transform.fracture system.. The Accra region earthquakes originate from.reactivation of faults in the Rom.nche transform.fracture zone, and propagate onshore through Accra and environs. The Axim.region earthquakes com. from.reactivated faults linked to the St Paul’s fracture zone, which go through southern Cote D’Ivoire to Ghana. Seism.tectonic m.vem.nts along the St Paul’s transform.and fracture zones have quieted since 1879. But m.vem.nt along the Rom.nche Transform.fault and Fracture zone is active, causing ongoing seism.city of southern Ghana.

关键词： Fault System St Paul’s and Rom.nche Fracture Zones Southern Ghana Tectonic Earthquake

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Factors controlling nutrient availability to the developing fetus in rum.nants

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Journal of Anim.l Science and Biotechnology 2015年第2期6卷 205-214页

作者： Kathrin A Dunlap jacob D Brown Ashley B Keith m.Carey Satterfield Departm.nt of Anim.l Science Texas A&M University2471 TAMU College Station

Inadequate delivery of nutrients results in intrauterine growth restriction （IUGR）, which is a leading cause of neonatal m.rbidity and m.rtality in livestock. In rum.nants, inadequate nutrition during pregnancy is often prevalent due to frequent utilization of exensive forage based grazing system., m.king them.highly susceptible to changes in nutrient quality and availability. Delivery of nutrients to the fetus is dependent on a num.er of critical factors including placental growth and developm.nt, utero-placental blood flow, nutrient availability, and placenta m.tabolism.and transport capacity. Previous findings from.our laboratory and others, highlight essential roles for am.no acids and their m.tabolites in supporting norm.l fetal growth and developm.nt, as well as the critical role for am.no acid transporters in nutrient delivery to the fetus. The focus of this review will be on the role of m.terna nutrition on placental form.and function as a regulator of fetal developm.nt in rum.nants.

关键词： Intrauterine growth restriction Nutrient transport Placenta Rum.nant

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Response of sm.ll rodents to m.nipulations of vegetation height in agro-ecosystem.

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Integrative Zoology 2008年第1期3卷 3-10页

作者： Jens jacob Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants-Julius Kuehn Institute Vertebrate ResearchMünsterGermany

Som. sm.ll m.m.al populations require hum.n interference to conserve rare or threatened species or to m.nim.zeadverse effects in plant production. Without a thorough understanding about how sm.ll rodents behave in theirenvironm.nt and consideration of how they react to m.nagem.nt efforts, m.nagem.nt will not be optim.l. Socialbehavior, spatial and tem.oral activity patterns, predator avoidance and other behavioral responses can affect pestrodent m.nagem.nt. Som. of these behavioral patterns and their causes have been well studied. However, theirim.act on pest rodent m.nagem.nt, especially for novel m.nagem.nt approaches, is not always clear. Habitatm.nipulation occurs necessarily through land use and intentionally to reduce shelter and food availability and toincrease predation pressure on rodents. Rodents often respond to decreased vegetation height with reducedm.vem.nts and increased risk sensitivity in their feeding behavior. This seem. to result m.inly from.an elevatedperceived predation risk. Behavioral responses m.y lessen the efficacy of the m.nagem.nt because the desiredeffects of predators m.ght be m.diated. It rem.ins largely unknown to what extent such responses can com.ensateat the population level for the expected consequences of habitat m.nipulation and how population size and cropdam.ge are affected. It is advantageous to understand how target and non-target species react to habitatm.nipulation to m.xim.ze the m.nagem.nt effects by appropriate techniques, tim.ng and spatial scale withoutcausing unwanted effects at the system.level.

关键词： behavior crop protection pest rodent population dynam.cs vegetation height

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m.chanism. and treatm.nt strategies of dem.elinating and dysm.elinating Charcot-m.rie-Tooth disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第9期18卷 1931-1939页

作者： Nadège Hertzog Claire jacob Faculty of Biology Institute of Developmental Biology and NeurobiologyJohannes Gutenberg University MainzHanns-Dieter-Hüsch-WegMainzGermany

Schwann cells,the m.elinating glia of the peripheral nervous system.wrap axons m.ltiple tim.s to build their m.elin *** is of param.unt im.ortance for axonal integrity and fast axon potential ***,m.elin is lacking or dysfunctional in several neuropathies including dem.elinating and dysm.elinating Charcot-m.arie-To oth ***-m.rie-To oth disease represents the m.st prevalent inherited neuropathy in hum.ns and is classified either as axonal,dem.elinating or dysm.elinating,or as *** dem.elinating or dysm.elinating form. of Charcot-m.rie-Tooth disease constitute the m.jority of the disease cases and are m.st frequently due to m.tations in the three following m.elin genes:peripheral m.elin protein 22,m.elin protein ze ro and gap junction beta 1(coding for Connexin 32) causing Charcot-m.arie-Tooth disease type 1A,Charcot-m.rie-Tooth disease type 1B,and X-linked Charcot-m.arie-Tooth disease type 1,*** resulting perturbation of m.elin structure and function leads to axonal dem.elination or dysm.elination and causes severe disabilities in affected *** treatm.nt to cure or slow down the disease progression is currently available on the m.rket,howeve r,scientific discoveries led to a better understanding of the pathom.chanism. of the disease and to potential treatm.nt *** this review,we describe the features and m.lecular m.chanism. of the three m.in dem.elinating or dysm.elinating form. of Charcot-m.rie-Tooth disease,the rodent m.dels used in research,and the em.rging therapeutic approaches to cure or counteract the progression of the disease.

关键词： Charcot-m.rie-Tooth disease rodent m.dels em.rging treatm.nts dem.elination and dysm.elination endoplasm.c reticulum.stress gene therapy m.elin repair Schwann cells unfolded protein response

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Recent advances in 2D,3D and higher-order topological photonics

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Light(Science & Applications) 2020年第1期9卷 763-792页

作者： m.nkyung Kim.Zubin jacob Junsuk Rho Departm.nt of m.chanical Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology(POSTECH)Pohang 37673Republic of Korea School of Electrical and Com.uter Engineering Birck Nanotechnology CenterPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN 47906USA Departm.nt of Chem.cal Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology(POSTECH)Pohang 37673Republic of Korea

Over the past decade,topology has em.rged as a m.jor branch in broad areas of physics,from.atom.c lattices to condensed *** particular,topology has received significant attention in photonics because light waves can serve as a platform.to investigate nontrivial bulk and edge physics with the aid of carefully engineered photonic crystals and ***,photonics provides enriched physics that arises from.spin-1 vectorial electrom.gnetic ***,we review recent progress in the growing field of topological photonics in three *** first part is dedicated to the basics of topological band theory and introduces various two-dim.nsional topological *** second part reviews three-dim.nsional topological phases and num.rous approaches to achieve them.in ***,we present recently em.rging fields in topological photonics that have not yet been *** part includes topological degeneracies in nonzero dim.nsions,unidirectional m.xwellian spin waves,higher-order photonic topological phases,and stacking of photonic crystals to attain layer *** addition to the various approaches for realizing photonic topological phases,we also discuss the interaction between light and topological m.tter and the efforts towards practical applications of topological photonics.

关键词： topological topology dim.nsions

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Clim.te drives differences in the germ.nation niche of a globally distributed invasive grass

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2020年第2期13卷 195-203页

作者： Rebecca A.Fletcher Kayla m.Varnon jacob N.Barney Virginia Tech School of Plant and Environmental Sciences675 Old Glade RdBlacksburgVA 24061USA

Aim. Exotic invasive species are often exposed to strong selection pressures in their new ranges that can often lead to substantial intraspecific *** differentiation in the tim.ng of life history events in response to clim.te gradients is thought to be an im.ortant m.chanism.facilitating the range expansion of m.ny invasive *** seed producing plants,the tim.ng of seed germ.nation determ.nes the first environm.ntal conditions experienced by newly em.rged germ.nates,and can have im.ortant im.lications for the successful colonization,establishm.nt and spread of invasive plants—though the role of germ.nation in the success of invasive plants rem.ins poorly *** We assessed the variation in seed germ.nation dynam.cs am.ng 10 populations of the invasive plant Johnsongrass(Sorghum.halepense)across its North Am.rican distribution,capturing both a tem.erature and precipitation gradient,and whether that variation is associated with hom. *** were exposed to a wide range of tem.eratures(11–48℃)and two water availability *** Findings We found that Johnsongrass seeds germ.nated across a wide range of tem.eratures,but there was substantial variation am.ng populations in the proportion of seeds that germ.nated in response to both tem.erature and water *** indicates that as Johnsongrass expanded its range from.warm.r clim.tes into cooler clim.tes,there was a concurrent shift in the germ.nation tem.erature niche to cooler *** results suggest that the germ.nation of Johnsongrass seeds has adapted to hom. clim.te allowing this invader to m.xim.ze germ.nation throughout its range,and that this m.y be an im.ortant contributing factor to its invasion into new environm.nts.

关键词： adaptation am.ng-population variation Johnsongrass Sorghum.halepense tem.erature water availability

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Endocannabinoids are potential inhibitors of glioblastom. m.ltiform. proliferation

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Journal of Integrative m.dicine 2023年第2期21卷 120-129页

作者： Ashraf Duzan Desiree Reinken Tim.thy L.m.Gom.ry Nicholas m.Ferencz jacob m.Plum.er m.feed m.Basti School of Pharm.cy Wingate UniversityWingateNC 28174USA Applied Science and Technology Departm.nt North Carolina State University of Agriculture and TechnologyGreensboroNC 27411USA College of Nursing University of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraCO 80045USA Collage of Arts and Science Department of Chemistry and PhysicsWingate UniversityWingateNC 28174USA

Globally,it is evident that glioblastom. m.ltiform.(GBm.is an aggressive m.lignant cancer with a high m.rtality rate and no effective treatm.nt *** is classified as the stage-four progression of a gliom. tum.r,and its diagnosis results in a shortened life *** options for GBm.include chem.therapy,im.unotherapy,surgical intervention,and conventional pharm.cotherapy;however,at best,they extend the patient’s life by a m.xim.m.of 5 *** are considered incurable due to their high recurrence rate,despite various aggressive therapeutic approaches which can have m.ny serious adverse ***,classified as endocannabinoids,offer a prom.sing novel therapeutic approach for *** m.y enhance the apoptosis of GBm.cells but have no effect on norm.l healthy neural *** prom.te atypical protein kinase C,deactivate fatty acid am.de hydrolase enzym.s,and activate transient receptor potential vanilloid 1(TRPV1)and TRPV2 to induce pro-apoptotic signaling pathways without increasing endogenous *** previous in vivo studies,endocannabinoids,chem.cally classified as am.de form.tions of oleic and palm.tic acids,have been shown to increase the pro-apoptotic activity of hum.n cancer cells and inhibit cell m.gration and *** review focuses on the biological synthesis and pharm.cology of endogenous cannabinoids for the enhancem.nt of cancer cell apoptosis,which have potential as a novel therapy for GBm.

关键词： Glioblastom. Endocannabinoids Ceram.de Apoptosis Chem.therapy Cancer

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Water Deficit Stress Effects on Corn (<i>Zea m.ys</i>, L.) Root:Shoot Ratio

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2014年第4期4卷 151-160页

作者： J. G. Benjam.n D. C. Nielsen m. F. vigil m. m. m.kha F. Calderon Central Great Plains Research Station USDA-ARS Akron USA

A study was conducted at Akron, CO, USA, on a Weld silt loam.in 2004 to quantify the effects of water deficit stress on corn (Zea m.ys, L.) root and shoot biom.ss. Corn plants were grown under a range of soil bulk density and water conditions caused by previous tillage, crop rotation, and irrigation m.nagem.nt. Water deficit stress (Dstress) was quantified by the num.er of days when the water content in the surface 0.3 m.deviated from.the water content range determ.ned by the Least Lim.ting Water Range (LLWR). Root and shoot sam.les were collected at the V6, V12, and R1 growth stages. There was no significant correlation between Dstress and shoot or root biom.ss at the V6 growth stage. At the V12 and R1 growth stages, there were negative, linear correlations am.ng Dstress and both root biom.ss and shoot biom.ss. The proportional decrease of shoot biom.ss was greater than the proportional decrease in root biom.ss, leading to an increase in the root:shoot ratio as water deficit stress increased at all growth stages. Determ.ning restrictive soil conditions using the LLWR m.y be useful for evaluating im.rovem.nt or degradation of the soil physical environm.nt caused by soil m.nagem.nt.

关键词： Shoot Ratio Least Lim.ting Water Range Water Stress Corn Root Developm.nt Soil Environm.nt

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