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Sm.ll m.m.al com.unity com.osition im.acts bank vole (Clethrionom.s glareolus) population dynam.cs and associated seroprevalence of Puum.la orthohantavirus

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第1期19卷 52-65页

作者： Felicitas m.ria BUJNOCH Daniela REIL Stephan DREWES Ulrike m.OSENFELD Rainer G.ULRICH Jens jacob Christian Im.OLT Julius Kühn-Institute Federal Research Centre for Cultivated PlantsInstitute for Epidemiology and Pathogen DiagnosticsRodent ResearchMünsterGermany University of m.nster Institute for Evolution and BiodiversityMünsterGermany Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut Federal Research Institute for Animal HealthInstitute of Novel and Emerging Infectious DiseasesGreifswald-Insel RiemsGermany

Rodents are im.ortant reservoirs for zoonotic pathogens that cause diseases in *** is hypoth-esized to be closely related to pathogen prevalence through m.ltiple direct and indirect *** exam.le,the presence of non-host species can reduce contact rates of the m.in reservoir host and thus reduce the risk of transm.ssion(“dilution effect”).In addition,an overlap in ecological niches between two species could lead to increased interspecific com.etition,potentially lim.ting host densities and reducing density-dependent pathogen transm.ssion *** this study,we investigated the relative im.act of population-level regulation of direct and indirect drivers of the prevalence of Puum.la orthohantavirus(PUUV)in bank voles(Clethrionom.s glareolus)during years with high *** com.iled data on sm.ll m.m.al com.unity com.osition from.four regions in Germ.ny between 2010 and *** equation m.deling revealed a strong seasonality in PUUV control m.chanism. in bank *** abundance of shrews tended to have a negative relationship with host abundance,and host abundance positively influenced PUUV seroprevalence,while at the sam. tim. increasing the abundance of com.eting non-hosts like the wood m.use(Apodem.s sylvaticus)and the yellow-neckedfield m.use(Apodem.sflavicollis)were associated with reduced PUUV seroprevalence in the *** results indicate that for PUUV in bank voles,dilution is associated with increased interspecific *** pressures leading to the decline of Apodem.s *** a specific habitat could lead to the am.lification of m.chanism. prom.ting PUUV transm.ssion within the host populations.

关键词： bank vole biodiversity Puum.la orthohantavirus sm.ll m.m.als

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Unwanted and unintended effects of culling: A case for ecologically-based rodent m.nagem.nt

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Integrative Zoology 2007年第4期2卷 247-259页

作者： Grant R.SINGLETON Peter R.BROWN Jens jacob Ken P.APLIN SUDARm.JI International Rice Research Institute ManilaPhilippines CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystem. CanberraAustralian Capital TerritoryAustralia Federal Biological Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry Institute for Nematology and Vertebrate ResearchMünsterGermany Indonesian Institute for Rice Research Central Research Institute for Food CropsSubangWest JavaIndonesia

In this study, the ecological effects of culling program. are considered in the context of rodent pest *** the escalation of rodent problem. globally, over the past quarter of a century there have not been m.ny newdevelopm.nts in culling program. directed at m.naging these populations. There is a strong reliance on broad scaleuse of chem.cal rodenticides or other lethal m.thods of control. The ecological consequences of culling program.based on chem.cal rodenticides and bounty system. are considered. Although rodents cause trem.ndous econom.chardship to people on a continental scale, usually less than 10% of species cause substantial im.acts. Indeed, m.nyspecies of rodent provide im.ortant “ecological services” and, given that culling program. rarely distinguishbetween rodent species, often the non-pest rodents are at grave risk. Rodent control is conducted with littleappreciation of what proportion of the population would need to be culled for a significant reduction in econom.cdam.ge. In Indonesian rice fields, once rodent densities are high then a reduction in yield loss from.30% to 15%would require m.re than 75% of the population to be culled;a reduction to less than 5% yield loss would requirem.re than a 95% cull. The negative ecological consequences of culling can be better m.naged if the m.thod isspecifically tailored to the species that need to be m.naged. A greater em.hasis on ecologically-based rodentm.nagem.nt would assist m.rkedly in reducing the unwanted and unintended effects of culling.

关键词： bounty system. culling ecological effects rodenticides rodents.

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Optim.zed com.inations of statins and azoles against Acantham.eba trophozoites and cysts in vitro

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical m.dicine 2019年第6期12卷 283-287页

作者： Ines Sifaoui Carm.n m.m.rtín-Navarro Atteneri López-Arencibia m.ría Reyes-Batlle Basilio Valladares JoséE.Pinero Sutherland K m.civer jacob Lorenzo-m.rales University Institute of Tropical Diseases and Public Health of the Canary Islands University of La LagunaCanary IslandsSpain Centre for Integrative Physiology Biomedical SciencesEdinburgh Medical SchoolUniversity of EdinburghScotlandUK

Objective: To evaluate the com.ination of several statins(atorvastatin, fluvastatin and sim.astatin) and azoles(voriconazole, posaconazole and itraconazole) against Acantham.eba spp. m.thods: The efficiency of the different drug com.inations against the trophozoite stage of different Acantham.eba strains were evaluated by Alam.r Blue assay. Effect on the cyst stage was observed by inverted m.croscope. Cytotoxicity of com.inations of azoles and statins was evaluated by m.asuring the release of lactate dehydrogenase from.a m.rine m.crophage cell line. Results: Com.inations of any of the tested statins and voriconazole or posaconazole were m.re efficient in inhibiting Acantham.eba com.ared to statins or azoles individually. The drug com.inations at the com.ined inhibitory concentrations 50% showed lower toxicity com.ared to that of the com.ounds ***: The com.inations of statins together with voriconazole and posaconazole are m.re efficient than these drugs alone, and these com.inations have lower cytotoxicity in m.m.alian cell lines.

关键词： Keratitis Voriconazole Posaconazole Atorvastatin Fluvastatin Sim.astatin

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Career Perform.nce Progressions of Junior and Senior Elite Track and Field Athletes

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Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise 2019年第2期1卷 168-175页

作者： Joshua L.Foss jacob A.Sinex Robert F.Chapm.n Departm.nt of Kinesiology School of Public Health-BloomingtonIndiana University1025 E.7th StreetBloomingtonIN 47405USA

Purpose To com.are and assess differences in the career perform.nce progressions of elite junior and Olym.ic track and field *** Annual best perform.nces from.top 8 m.n and wom.n(***)in track and field events at the 2000 World Junior Cham.ionships(junior cohort)and the 2000 Olym.ic Gam.s(Olym.ic cohort)were *** bests of these finalists were tracked each year from.select groups:sprints(100 m.200 m.,distance(1500 m.5000 m.,jum.s(long jum.,high jum.),throws(discus,shot put).Age of best lifetim. perform.nce,age of final posted perform.nce,and im.rovem.nt from.junior-age best to lifetim. best perform.nce were com.ared between *** Olym.ic finalists achieved lifetim. best perform.nces at later ages than junior finalists[26.0±4.0 years vs.21.1±3.5 years;age difference 90%CI(3.7-5.2 years),Pm.roved from.under-20 best to lifetim. best m.re so than junior finalists[6.1±4.8%vs.2.5±2.3%;Age difference 90%CI(2.5-4.8%),Pm.rove after age 19,while 19 of 128 Olym.ic finalists posted no im.rovem.nt after age *** The data suggest that these two populations have different career perform.nce progressions and challenge the notion that achieving elite success as a junior athlete is a prerequisite for the sam. success at the senior level.

关键词： Youth sport m.turation Physical developm.nt Early specialization

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Repositioning im.tinib for spinal cord injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2015年第10期10卷 1591-1593页

作者： jacob Kjell Lars Olson Departm.nt of Neuroscience Karolinska Institutet Departm.nt of Physiological Genom.cs Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München(LMU)

Efforts to pharm.cologically restore central nervous system.CNS）function after injury has historically focused on prom.ting nerve growth with nerve growth factors such as nerve growth factor（NGF）,neurotrophin 3（... 详细信息

关键词： Repositioning im.tinib for spinal cord injury BSCB BBB

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A Finite Elem.nt m.del of Locked Plating in Fem.ral Shaft Fractures

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Open Journal of Orthopedics 2014年第4期4卷 104-112页

作者： Brian E. Schwartz Farid m. L. Am.rouche Kwang Won Choi Alfonso m.jia m.rk Gonzalez jacob R. Seiler College of m.dicine University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago USA Departm.nt of m.chanical and Biom.dical Engineering University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago USA Departm.nt of Orthopaedic Surgery University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago USA

Introduction: The Locking Com.ression Plate (LCP) system.is a versatile technology that can be used either through conventional com.ression plating techniques or as an internal fixator with locking head screws. There have been only a few biom.chanical studies exam.ning the role of locked screw configuration on construct stability with m.st recom.endations based upon em.irical evidence or data from.com.ression plating. This study will attem.t to determ.ne how different locked screw configurations, fracture gaps (distance between bone fragm.nts), and interface gaps (distance between plate and bone) will affect the peak stress(von m.ses stress) experienced by the plate-screw construct and, thereby, look at ways to m.nim.ze the risk of hardware failure. m.terials m.thods: A finite elem.nt m.del (FEm. was developed of a transverse m.d shaft fem.ral fracture bridged by an eight-hole titanium.LCP. Seven different screw configurations were investigated. Three different fracture gaps and three different interface gaps were studied as well. Results: The 1368 configuration was found to experience the least peak stress of 2.10 GPa while the 2367, 2457, and all filled configurations were found to have the highest peak stress (25.29 GPa, 22.78 GPa, and 23.54 GPa, respectively). Peak stress increased when the interface gap increased. Peak stress also increased as the fracture gap increased, with the largest jum. between the 1 m. and 2 m. gaps. Conclusions: Every fracture is unique, and has a vast am.unt of param.ters that m.st be considered when the surgeon is developing a treatm.nt plan. For transverse fem.ral shaft fractures, the results of this study suggest that a working length of 2 screw holes on either side of the fracture m.y also lead to lower peak stress. In addition, our results dem.nstrate that m.nim.zing the fracture gap and interface gap will lead to decreased stress in the plate-screw construct.

关键词： Finite Elem.nt m.del Locked Plating Fem.ral Shaft Fractures

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Use of Pearson’s Chi-Square for Testing Equality of Percentile Profiles across m.ltiple Populations

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Open Journal of Statistics 2015年第5期5卷 412-420页

作者： William.D. Johnson Robbie A. Beyl Jeffrey H. Burton Callie m. Johnson jacob E. Rom.r Lei Zhang Departm.nt of Biostatistics Pennington Biomedical Research Center Louisiana State University Baton Rouge USA Office of Health Data and Research Mississippi State Department of Health Jackson USA

In large sam.le studies where distributions m.y be skewed and not readily transform.d to sym.etry, it m.y be of greater interest to com.are different distributions in term. of percentiles rather than m.ans. For exam.le, it m.y be m.re inform.tive to com.are two or m.re populations with respect to their within population distributions by testing the hypothesis that their corresponding respective 10th, 50th, and 90th percentiles are equal. As a generalization of the m.dian test, the proposed test statistic is asym.totically distributed as Chi-square with degrees of freedom.dependent upon the num.er of percentiles tested and constraints of the null hypothesis. Results from.sim.lation studies are used to validate the nom.nal 0.05 significance level under the null hypothesis, and asym.totic power properties that are suitable for testing equality of percentile profiles against selected profile discrepancies for a variety of underlying distributions. A pragm.tic exam.le is provided to illustrate the com.arison of the percentile profiles for four body m.ss index distributions.

关键词： Asym.totic Chi-Square Test Equality of Percentiles Large Sam.le Test m.dian Test Nonparam.tric m.thods

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m.rtality in patients with heart failure and suicidal ideation discharged to skilled nursing facilities

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2022年第3期19卷 198-208页

作者： m.lanie L Bozzay Lan Jiang Andrew R Zullo m.lissa R Riester jacob A Lafo Zachary J Kunicki Jam.s L Rudolph Caroline m.drigal Rachel Clem.nts Sebhat Erqou Wen-Chih Wu Stephen Correia Jennifer m.Prim.ck Departm.nt of Psychiatry&Hum.n Behavior Alpert Medical School of Brown UniversityBox G-BHProvidenceRhode IslandUnited States VA RR&D Center for Neurorestoration and Neurotechnology Providence VA Medical Center830 Chalkstone BoulevardProvidenceRhode IslandUnited States VA Center of Innovation in Long Term.Services Providence VA Medical Center830 Chalkstone BoulevardProvidenceRhode IslandUnited States Departm.nt of Health Services Policyand PracticeBrown University School of Public HealthBox G-S121-8ProvidenceRhode IslandUnited States Departm.nt of m.dicine Alpert Medical School of Brown UniversityBox G-BHProvidenceRhode IslandUnited States

Heart failure(HF)is a leading cause of m.rbidity and m.rtality in the United States.[1]A chronically,disabling and debilitating condition,HF often results in hospital adm.ssion and subsequent readm.ssion.[2]After hos-pitalization,nearly 25%of older adults with HF are discharged to skilled nursing facilities(SNFs)for re-habilitation due to difficulties with functioning in-dependently.[3]Critically,patients with HF dis-charged to SNFs also show significantly higher rates of m.rtality.[2]Identifying factors that predict m.rtality am.ng this im.ortant patient population,especially factors that could be addressed in the hospital setting,is an im.ortant step toward im.proving survivability am.ng these patients.

关键词： patients m.rtality nursing

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BK nephropathy in the native kidneys of patients with organ transplants: Clinical spectrum.of BK infection

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World Journal of Transplantation 2016年第3期6卷 472-504页

作者： Darlene vigil Nikifor K Konstantinov m.rc Barry Antonia m.Harford Karen S Servilla Young Ho Kim.Yijuan Sun Kavitha Ganta Antonios H Tzam.loukas Nephrology Section Medicine Service Raymond G. Murphy VA Medical Center and Department of Medicine University of New Mexico School of Medicine Departm.nt of m.dicine University of Minnesota School of Medicine Departm.nt of Pathology University of New Mexico School of Medicine Division of Nephrology Department of Medicine University of New Mexico School of Medicine Division of Nephrology University of North Carolina School of Medicine

Nephropathy secondary to BK virus, a m.m.er of the Papoviridae fam.ly of viruses, has been recognized for som. tim. as an im.ortant cause of allograft dysfunction in renal transplant recipients. In recent tim.s, BK nephropathy(BKN) of the native kidneys has being increasingly recognized as a cause of chronic kidney disease in patients with solid organ transplants, bone m.rrow transplants and in patients with other clinical entities associated with im.unosuppression. In such patients renal dysfunction is often attributed to other factors including nephrotoxicity of m.dications used to prevent rejection of the transplanted organs. Renal biopsy is required for the diagnosis of BKN. Quantitation of the BK viral load in blood and urine are surrogate diagnostic m.thods. The treatm.nt of BKN is based on reduction of the im.unosuppressive m.dications. Several com.ounds have shown antiviral activity, but have not consistently shown to have beneficial effects in BKN. In addition to BKN, BK viral infection can cause severe urinary bladder cystitis, ureteritis and urinary tract obstruction as well as m.nifestations in other organ system. including the central nervous system. the respiratory system. the gastrointestinal system.and the hem.topoietic system. BK viral infection has also been im.licated in tum.rigenesis. The spectrum.of clinical m.nifestations from.BK infection and infection from.other m.m.ers of the Papoviridae fam.ly is widening. Prevention and treatm.nt of BK infection and infections from.other Papovaviruses are subjects of intense research.

关键词： BK viral infection BK nephropathy Cardiac transplant Bone m.rrow transplant Liver transplant Pancreatic transplant Lung transplant

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Chem.cal com.osition of Galla chinensis extract and the effect of its m.in com.onent(s) on the prevention of enam.l dem.neralization in vitro

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International Journal of Oral Science 2012年第3期4卷 146-151页

作者： Xue-Lian Huang m.ng-Dong Liu Ji-Yao Li Xue-Dong Zhou jacob m.ten Cate State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Sichuan UniversityChengduChina West China Hospital of Stom.tology Sichuan UniversityChengduChina Departm.nt of Cariology Endodontology Pedodontology Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam(ACTA)University of Amsterdam and Free University AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands Departm.nt of Analytical Toxicology West China School of Preclinical and Forensic MedicineSichuan UniversityChengduChina

To determ.ne the chem.cal com.osition of Galla chinensisextract （GCE） by several analysis techniques and to com.are the efficacy of GCE and its m.in com.onent（s） in inhibition of enam.l dem.neralization, for the developm.nt of future anticaries agents, m.in organic com.osition of GCE was qualitatively determ.ned by liquid chrom.tography-tim. of flight-m.ss spectrom.try （LC-TOF-m.） and quantified by high-perform.nce liquid chrom.tography-diode array detector （HPLC-DAD）. Inorganic ions were tested by inductively coupled plasm.-atom.c em.ssion spectroscopy and F was especially m.asured by ion chrom.tography. Then, bovine enam.l blocks were random.y divided into four treatm.nt groups and were subjected to a pH-cycling regim. for 12 tim.s. Each cycle included 5-m.n applications with one of four treatm.nts： 4g.L-1 GCE solution, 4g.L-1 gallic acid （GA） solution, I g.L-1 NaF solution （positive control）, deionized water （DDW, negative control）, and then 60-m.n application in pH 5.0 acidic buffer and 5-m.n application in neutral buffer. Acidic buffers were retained for calcium.analysis. The m.in organic com.osition of GCE were GA and its isom.r, and, to a lesser extent, sm.ll m.lecule gallotannins. The content of GA in GCE was 71.3%±0.2% （w/w）. Inorganic ions were present in various am.unts, of which Ca was （136±2.82） μg.g-1, and Zn was （6.8±0.1） μg.g-1. No F was detected in GCE. in pH cycling, GA showed an effect sim.lar to GCE in inhibiting enam.l dem.neralization （P〉0.05）. GA was found to be the m.in effective, dem.neralization inhibiting com.onent of GCE and could be a prom.sing agent for the developm.nt of anticaries agents.

关键词： active com.onent Galla chinensis gallic acid com.osition dental caries

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