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Effects of PGC-1αoverexpression on the myogenic response during skeletal muscle regeneration

Sports Medicine and Health Science 2022年第3期4卷 198-208页

作者： Tyrone A.Washington Wesley S.Haynie Eleanor R.Schrems Richard A.Perry Jr. lemuel A.brown Breanna M.Williams Megan E.Rosa-Caldwell David E.lee jacob l.brown Exercise Muscle Biology laboratory Exercise Science Research CenterDepartment of HealthHuman Performance and RecreationUniversity of ArkansasFayettevilleAR72701USA Cachexia Research laboratory Exercise Science Research CenterDepartment of HealthHuman Performance and RecreationUniversity of ArkansasFayettevilleAR72701USA

The ability of skeletal muscle to regenerate from injury is crucial for locomotion,metabolic health,and quality of life.Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γcoactivator-1α(PGC1A)is a transcriptional coactivator required for mitochondrial biogenesis.Increased mitochondrial biogenesis is associated with improved muscle cell differentiation,however PGC1A's role in skeletal muscle regeneration following damage requires further investigation.The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of skeletal muscle-specific PGC1A overexpression during regeneration following damage.22 C57Bl/6J(WT)and 26 PGC1A muscle transgenic(A1)mice were injected with either phosphate-buffered saline(PBS,uninjured control)or Bupivacaine(MAR,injured)into their tibialis anterior(TA)muscle to induce skeletal muscle damage.TA muscles were extracted 3-or 28-days postinjury and analyzed for markers of regenerative myogenesis and protein turnover.Pgc1a mRNA was~10–20 fold greater in A1 mice.Markers of protein synthesis,AKT and 4EBP1,displayed decreases in A1 mice compared to WT at both timepoints indicating a decreased protein synthetic response.Myod mRNA was~75%lower compared to WT 3 days post-injection.WT mice exhibited decreased cross-sectional area of the TA muscle at 28 days post-injection with bupivacaine compared to all other groups.PGC1A overexpression modifies the myogenic response during regeneration.

关键词： PGC-1α Skeletal muscle Muscle regeneration Satellite cells Protein turnover p38 MAPK

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Development and progression of cancer cachexia:Perspectives from bench to bedside

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Sports Medicine and Health Science 2020年第4期2卷 177-185页

作者： Seongkyun lim jacob l.brown Tyrone A.Washington Nicholas P.Greene Cachexia Research laboratory Exercise Science Research CenterDepartment of Human Health Performance and RecreationUniversity of Arkansas155 Stadium DrFayettevilleARUSA Aging and Metabolism Research Program Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation825 NE 13th StOklahoma CityOKUSA Exercise Muscle Biology laboratory Exercise Science Research CenterDepartment of Human Health Performance and RecreationUniversity of Arkansas155 Stadium DrFayettevilleARUSA

Cancer cachexia(CC)is a devastating syndrome characterized by weight loss,reduced fat mass and muscle mass that affects approximately 80%of cancer patients and is responsible for 22%-30%of cancer-associated deaths.Understanding underlying mechanisms for the development of CC are crucial to advance therapies to treat CC and improve cancer outcomes.CC is a multi-organ syndrome that results in extensive skeletal muscle and adipose tissue wasting;however,CC can impair other organs such as the liver,heart,brain,and bone as well.A considerable amount of CC research focuses on changes that occur within the muscle,but cancer-related impairments in other organ systems are understudied.Furthermore,metabolic changes in organ systems other than muscle may contribute to CC.Therefore,the purpose of this review is to address degenerative mechanisms which occur during CC from a whole-body perspective.Outlining the information known about metabolic changes that occur in response to cancer is necessary to develop and enhance therapies to treat CC.As much of the current evidences in CC are from pre-clinical models we should note the majority of the data reviewed here are from preclinical models.

关键词： Muscle atrophy Tumor-bearing mouse lewis lung carcinoma Protein turnover Mitochondrial dysfunction

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Pleistocene glaciation advances the cryptic speciation of Stellera chamaejasme l. in a major biodiversity hotspot

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2024年第6期66卷 1192-1205页

作者： Santosh Kumar Rana Hum Kala Rana jacob B.landis Tianhui Kuang Juntong Chen Hengchang Wang Tao Deng Charles C.Davis Hang Sun CAS Key laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Arkansas Biosciences Institute Arkansas State University School of Integrative Plant Science Section of Plant Biology and the L.H.Bailey Hortorium Cornell University BTI Computational Biology Center Boyce Thompson Institute CAS Key laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology Herbaria Harvard University

The mountains of Southwest China comprise a significant large mountain range and biodiversity hotspot imperiled by global climate change. The high species diversity in this mountain system has long been attributed to a complex set of factors, and recent large-scale macroevolutionary investigations have placed a broad timeline on plant diversification that stretches from 10 million years ago(Mya) to the present. Despite our increasing understanding of the temporal mode of speciation, finer-scale populationlevel investigations are lacking to better refine these temporal trends and illuminate the abiotic and biotic influences of cryptic speciation. This is largely due to the dearth of organismal sampling among closely related species and populations, spanning the incredible size and topological heterogeneity of this region. Our study dives into these evolutionary dynamics of speciation using genomic and ecomorphological data of Stellera chamaejasme l. We identified four previously unrecognized cryptic species having indistinct morphological traits and large metapopulation of evolving lineages, suggesting a more recent diversification(～2.67–0.90 Mya), largely influenced by Pleistocene glaciation and biotic factors. These factors likely influenced allopatric speciation and advocated cyclical warming–cooling episodes along elevational gradients during the Pleistocene. The study refines the evolutionary timeline to be much younger than previously implicated and raises the concern that projected future warming may influence the alpine species diversity,necessitating increased conservation efforts.

关键词： cryptic speciation glacial-interglacial Hengduan Mountains north-south migration Stellera chamaejasme

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Is convenience really king? Comparative evaluation of catastrophic costs due to tuberculosis in the public and private healthcare sectors of Viet Nam: a longitudinal patient cost study

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贫困所致传染病(英文) 2024年第2期13卷 1-12页

作者： Nguyen Hoa Binh Quang Vo luan Nguyen Forse Rachel Jeanette Wiemers Anja Maria Christine Huynh Huy Ba Dong Thuy Thi Thu Phan Yen Thi Hoang Creswell jacob Dang Thi Minh Ha Nguyen lan Huu Shedrawy Jad l?nnroth Knut Nguyen Tuan Dinh Van Dinh luong Annerstedt Kristi Sidney Codlin Andrew James National lung Hospital Ha Noi Viet Nam Friends for International TB Relief Ha Noi Viet Nam Department of Global Public Health WHO Collaboration Centre On Tuberculosis and Social Medicine Karolinska Institute Stockholm Sweden Stop TB Partnership Geneva Switzerland Pham Ngoc Thach Hospital Ho Chi Minh City Viet Nam

Background In Viet Nam, tuberculosis (TB) represents a devastating life-event with an exorbitant price tag, partly due to lost income from daily directly observed therapy in public sector care. Thus, persons with TB may seek care in the private sector for its flexibility, convenience, and privacy. Our study aimed to measure income changes, costs and catastrophic cost incurrence among TB-affected households in the public and private sector.Methods Between October 2020 and March 2022, we conducted 110 longitudinal patient cost interviews, among 50 patients privately treated for TB and 60 TB patients treated by the National TB Program (NTP) in Ha Noi, Hai Phong and Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam. Using a local adaptation of the WHO TB patient cost survey tool, participants were interviewed during the intensive phase, continuation phase and post-treatment. We compared income levels, direct and indirect treatment costs, catastrophic costs using Wilcoxon rank-sum and chi-squared tests and associated risk factors between the two cohorts using multivariate regression.Results The pre-treatment median monthly household income was significantly higher in the private sector versus NTP cohort (USD 868 vs USD 578;P=0.010). However, private sector treatment was also significantly costlier (USD 2075 vs USD 1313;P=0.005), driven by direct medical costs which were 4.6 times higher than costs reported by NTP participants (USD 754 vs USD 164;Plted in no significant difference in catastrophic costs between the two cohorts (Private: 55% vs NTP: 52%;P=0.675). Factors associated with catastrophic cost included being a single-person household [adjusted odds ratio [(aOR=13.71; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.36–138.14;P=0.026], unemployment during treatment (aOR=10.86; 95%CI: 2.64–44.60;Plated stigma (aOR=37.90; 95%CI: 1.72–831.73;P=0.021).Conclusions Persons with TB in Viet Nam face similarly high risk of catastrophic costs whether treated in the public or private sector. Patient costs could be

关键词： Tuberculosis Patient cost Catastrophic cost Private sector Comparative analysis Viet Nam

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In vivo measurement of NADH fluorescence lifetime in skeletal muscle via -ber-coupled time-correlated single photon counting

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Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 2024年第1期17卷 121-134页

作者： Kathryn M.Priest jacob V.Schluns Nathania Nischal Colton l.Gattis Jeffrey C.Wolchok Timothy J.Muldoon Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Arkansas FayettevilleARUSA

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide(NADH)is a cofactor that serves to shuttle electrons during metabolic processes such as glycolysis,the tricarboxylic acid cycle,and oxidative phosphorylation(OXPHOS).NADH is autofluorescent,and itsfluorescence lifetime can be used to infer metabolic dynamics in living cells.Fiber-coupled time-correlated single photon counting(TCSPC)equipped with an implantable needle probe can be used to measure NADH lifetime in vivo,enabling investigation of changing metabolic demand during muscle contraction or tissue regeneration.This study illustrates a proof of concept for point-based,minimally-invasive NADHfluorescence lifetime measurement in vivo.Volumetric muscle loss(VMl)injuries were created in the left tibialis anterior(TA)muscle of male Sprague Dawley rats.NADH lifetime measurements were collected before,during,and after a 30 s tetanic contraction in the injured and uninjured TA muscles,which was subsequently-t to a biexponential decay model to yield a metric of NADH utilization(cytoplasmic vs protein-bound NADH,the A11/A22 ratio).On average,this ratio was higher during and after contraction in uninjured muscle compared to muscle at rest,suggesting higher levels of free NADH in contracting and recovering muscle,indicating increased rates of glycolysis.In injured muscle,this ratio was higher than uninjured muscle overall but decreased over time,which is consistent with current knowledge of inflammatory response to injury,suggesting tissue regeneration has occurred.These data suggest that-ber-coupled TCSPC has the potential to measure changes in NADH binding in vivo in a minimally invasive manner that requires further investigation.

关键词： Glycolysis oxidative phosphorylation energy metabolism volumetric muscle loss

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An evaluation of a catch and release trout regulation in Rapid Creek,South Dakota

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Aquaculture and Fisheries 2023年第5期8卷 558-563页

作者： jacob l.Davis South Dakota Department of Game Fish and Parks4130 Adventure TrailRapid CitySD57702USA

Often,catch and release regulations are meant to maximize a fisheries potential to create trophy fish.I evaluated adult brown Trout populations at five locations within Rapid Creek within Rapid City,SD over a two-year period.In each year,one of these locations was within a catch and release area,while two were outside.In 2012,density and biomass estimates were higher in a site located outside of the catch and release area.Additionally,size structure within the catch and release area was only significantly larger than one of the two sites outside of the regulation area.Mean relative weight values were inversely related to density estimates,with the lowest density sites having the highest mean relative weights.Similarly,a site outside of the catch and release area had the highest abundance and biomass estimates in 2013.The cumulative length distribution was significantly different between the site within the catch and release area and the two located outside.Relative weight was significantly higher in the catch and release area than the two sites outside.As population characteristics within the catch and release area were not consistently better than outside,it is more likely that factors such as habitat and density dependence are impacting the brown Trout population more than the regulation itself.

关键词： Trout Regulations Catch and release

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A review of late-stage tungsten fuzz growth

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Tungsten 2022年第3期4卷 184-193页

作者： jacob A.R.Wright Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy University of CambridgeCambridgeCB30FSUK

Tungsten will be used as the plasma-facing divertor material in the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor(ITER)fusion reactor.Under high temperatures and high ion fluxes,a‘fuzz’nanostructure forms on the tungsten surface with dramatically different properties and could contaminate the plasma.Although simulations and experimental observations have provided understanding of the initial fuzz formation process,there is debate over whether tungsten or helium migration is rate-limiting during late-stage growth,and the mechanisms by which tungsten and helium migrations occur.Here,the proposed mechanisms are considered in turn.It is concluded that tungsten migration occurs by adatom diffusion along the fuzz surface.Continual helium migration through the porous fuzz to the tungsten bulk is also required for fuzz growth,for continued bubble growth and rupture.Helium likely migrates due to ballistic penetration,although diffusion may contribute.It is difficult to determine the limiting process,which may switch from helium penetration to tungsten adatom diffusion above a threshold flux.Areas for further research to clarify the mechanisms are then considered.A greater understanding of the fuzz formation mechanism is key to the successful design of plasma-facing tungsten components,and may have applications in forming porous tungsten catalysts.

关键词： Tungsten Tungsten fuzz Plasma-material interactions Fusion reactors

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Endocannabinoids are potential inhibitors of glioblastoma multiforme proliferation

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2023年第2期21卷 120-129页

作者： Ashraf Duzan Desiree Reinken Timothy l.McGomery Nicholas M.Ferencz jacob M.Plummer Mufeed M.Basti School of Pharmacy Wingate UniversityWingateNC 28174USA Applied Science and Technology Department North Carolina State University of Agriculture and TechnologyGreensboroNC 27411USA College of Nursing University of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraCO 80045USA Collage of Arts and Science Department of Chemistry and PhysicsWingate UniversityWingateNC 28174USA

Globally,it is evident that glioblastoma multiforme(GBM)is an aggressive malignant cancer with a high mortality rate and no effective treatment options.Glioblastoma is classified as the stage-four progression of a glioma tumor,and its diagnosis results in a shortened life expectancy.Treatment options for GBM include chemotherapy,immunotherapy,surgical intervention,and conventional pharmacotherapy;however,at best,they extend the patient’s life by a maximum of 5 years.GBMs are considered incurable due to their high recurrence rate,despite various aggressive therapeutic approaches which can have many serious adverse effects.Ceramides,classified as endocannabinoids,offer a promising novel therapeutic approach for GBM.Endocannabinoids may enhance the apoptosis of GBM cells but have no effect on normal healthy neural cells.Cannabinoids promote atypical protein kinase C,deactivate fatty acid amide hydrolase enzymes,and activate transient receptor potential vanilloid 1(TRPV1)and TRPV2 to induce pro-apoptotic signaling pathways without increasing endogenous cannabinoids.In previous in vivo studies,endocannabinoids,chemically classified as amide formations of oleic and palmitic acids,have been shown to increase the pro-apoptotic activity of human cancer cells and inhibit cell migration and angiogenesis.This review focuses on the biological synthesis and pharmacology of endogenous cannabinoids for the enhancement of cancer cell apoptosis,which have potential as a novel therapy for GBM.

关键词： Glioblastoma Endocannabinoids Ceramide Apoptosis Chemotherapy Cancer

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Factors controlling nutrient availability to the developing fetus in ruminants

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2015年第2期6卷 205-214页

作者： Kathrin A Dunlap jacob D brown Ashley B Keith M Carey Satterfield Department of Animal Science Texas A&M University2471 TAMU College Station

Inadequate delivery of nutrients results in intrauterine growth restriction （IUGR）, which is a leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality in livestock. In ruminants, inadequate nutrition during pregnancy is often prevalent due to frequent utilization of exensive forage based grazing systems, making them highly susceptible to changes in nutrient quality and availability. Delivery of nutrients to the fetus is dependent on a number of critical factors including placental growth and development, utero-placental blood flow, nutrient availability, and placenta metabolism and transport capacity. Previous findings from our laboratory and others, highlight essential roles for amino acids and their metabolites in supporting normal fetal growth and development, as well as the critical role for amino acid transporters in nutrient delivery to the fetus. The focus of this review will be on the role of materna nutrition on placental form and function as a regulator of fetal development in ruminants.

关键词： Intrauterine growth restriction Nutrient transport Placenta Ruminant

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Structural and microstructural description of relaxor-ferroelectric transition in quenched Na_(1/2)Bi_(1/2)TiO_(3)-BaTiO_(3)

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Journal of Materiomics 2022年第4期8卷 823-832页

作者： Andreas Wohninsland Ann-Katrin Fetzer Rachel Broughton jacob l.Jones K.V.lalitha Department of Materials-and Geosciences Technical University of Darmstadt64287DarmstadtGermany Department of Materials Science and Engineering North Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC27695USA

Quenching lead-free Na_(1/2)Bi_(1/2)TiO_(3)-based ceramics from sintering temperature is established to increasethe depolarization temperature,Td and the lattice distortion.In situ synchrotron X-ray diffractionmeasurements were carried out on furnace cooled and quenched Na_(1/2)Bi_(1/2)TiO_(3)-BaTiO_(3)(NBT-BT)with 6and 9 mol.%BT to discern the field-induced ferroelectric order.Phase fractions were determined fromfull pattern Rietveld refinements and utilized together with the change in unit cell volume to calculatevolumetric strain resulting from phase transformations.NBT-6BT demonstrates a cubic symmetry in thefurnace cooled state but quenching stabilizes the rhombohedral R3c phase and delays the formation of afield-induced,long range-ordered tetragonal phase,thereby shifting the onset of macroscopic strain tohigher fields.A field-induced phase transition from a weakly distorted rhombohedral to tetragonal phasecan be observed in furnace cooled NBT-9BT.However,this phase transition cannot be detected inquenched NBT-9BT,since the ferroelectric tetragonal P4mm phase is stabilized in the initial state.Incontrast to the furnace cooled materials,both the quenched compositions exhibit overall negligiblevolumetric strain as a function of electric field.Furthermore,scanning electron micrographs of chemi-cally etched,poled and unpoled samples reveal an increased lamellar domain contrast in the quenchedmaterials.All these findings strengthen the hypothesis of a stabilized ferroelectric order resulting in theabsence of a field-induced phase transformation in quenched NBT-BT.

关键词： lead-free Quenching Na_(1/2)Bi_(1/2)TiO_(3)-BaTiO_(3) Synchrotron diffraction Ferroelectric

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