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Species traits and shoot-root biomass allocation in 20 dry-grassland species

Journal of Plant Ecology 2018年第2期11卷 273-285页

作者： Iveta Husáková jacob Weiner Zuzana Münzbergová Department of Botany Faculty of ScienceCharles UniversityBenátská2CZ-12801 PragueCzech Republic Institute of Botany Academy of Sciences of the Czech RepublicZámek 1CZ-25243 PrůhoniceCzech Republic Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences University of CopenhagenThorvaldsensvej 40DK-1871 FrederiksbergDenmark

Aims A plant has a limited amount of resources at any time and it allo-cates them to different *** spite of the large number of previous studies on allocation patterns within single species,knowledge of general patterns in species allocation is still very *** is because each study was done in different condi-tions using different methodology,making generalization *** investigate intraspecific above-versus below-ground biomass allocation among individuals across a spectrum of dry-grassland plant species at two different developmental stages and ask whether allocation is age-and species specific,and whether differences among species can be explained by their life-history traits and *** We collected data on above-and below-ground biomass of seedlings and adult plants of 20 species from a common garden *** analysed data on shoot-root biomass allocation allometrically and studied the relationship between the allometric exponents(slopes on log-log scale),species life-history traits and phylogenetic *** Findings We found isometric as well as allometric patterns of biomass alloca-tion in the studied *** and adult individuals of more than half of the species differed in their above-versus below-ground biomass allometric *** and adult individuals of the remaining species differed in their allometric coefficients(inter-cepts).Annual species generally allocated proportionally more to above-than below-ground biomass as seedlings than as adults,whereas perennial species showed the opposite *** life-history traits,such as plant life span,age of first flowering,month in which the species begin flowering and specific leaf area were much more important in explaining differences in shoot-root allometry among species than were phylogenetic *** suggests that allocation patterns vary greatly among closely related species but can be predicted based on species life-hi

关键词： above-ground biomass below-ground biomass allometry isometry seedling adult plant life-history traits phylogenetic relatedness root-shoot ratio

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AModified Search and Rescue Optimization Based Node Localization Technique inWSN

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第1期70卷 1229-1245页

作者： Suma Sira jacob K.Muthumayil M.Kavitha Lijo jacob Varghese M.Ilayaraja Irina V.Pustokhina Denis A.Pustokhin Department of Computer Science and Engineering Christian College of Engineering and TechnologyOddanchatram624619India Department of Information Technology PSNA College of Engineering and TechnologyDindigul624622India Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering K.Ramakrishnan College of TechnologyTiruchirappalli621112India Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Christian College of Engineering and TechnologyOddanchatram624619India School of Computing Kalasalingam Academy of Research and EducationKrishnankoil626128India Department of Entrepreneurship and Logistics Plekhanov Russian University of EconomicsMoscow117997Russia Department of Logistics State University of ManagementMoscow109542Russia

Wireless sensor network(WSN)is an emerging technology which find useful in several application areas such as healthcare,environmentalmonitoring,border surveillance,*** issues that exist in the designing of WSN are node localization,coverage,energy efficiency,security,and so *** spite of the issues,node localization is considered an important issue,which intends to calculate the coordinate points of unknown nodes with the assistance of *** efficiency of the WSN can be considerably influenced by the node localization ***,this paper presents a modified search and rescue optimization based node localization technique(MSRONLT)*** major aim of theMSRO-NLT technique is to determine the positioning of the unknown nodes in *** the traditional search and rescue optimization(SRO)algorithm suffers from the local optima problemwith an increase in number of iterations,MSRO algorithm is developed by the incorporation of chaotic maps to improvise the diversity of the *** application of the concept of chaotic map to the characteristics of the traditional SRO algorithm helps to achieve better exploration ability of the MSRO *** order to validate the effective node localization performance of the MSRO-NLT algorithm,a set of simulations were performed to highlight the supremacy of the presented model.A detailed comparative results analysis showcased the betterment of the MSRO-NLT technique over the other compared methods in terms of different measures.

关键词： Node localization WSN chaotic map search and rescue optimization algorithm localization error

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FLIGHT MANAGEMENT PROCEDURES FOR PHYSIOLOGICAL NOISE-MINIMAL LANDING TRAJECTORIES

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 1993年第4期 286-296页

作者： jacob H G Postfach 1109 Honeywell Regelsysteme GmbH

The future world-wide installation of the newly developed Microwave Landing System(MLS) will permit a four-dimensional (including time) guidance of aircraft in the airportarea with the combined advantages of safer, more economical flight paths with lessdetrimental environmental impact such as noise nuisance. The purpose of this paper is todemonstrate that the introduction of these advanced navigation and flight guidance technologieswill make it possible to compute and to apply continuously time-dependent commandinputs for an aircraft in a way which will minimize the noise annoyance for the populationliving in the neighborhood of the airport. The average physiological Effective PerceivedNoise Level in Sone as cost criterion is minimized (in the investigation for theoptimization calculations) with consideration of not only the location and population densityof living areas along the approach trajectory but also the effects of temperature andwind gradients on noise propagation. The results obtained for the AirportDusseldorf-Lohausen show that, even numerous design, comfort, and safety constraintsare taken into account, the noise exposure for the average airport area inhabitant could bereduced by over 20% relatively to conventional Standard Jeppesen Manual landing approachif the proposed optimal flight landing trajectory management procedure would beapplied.

关键词： FLIGHT MANAGEMENT PROCEDURES FOR PHYSIOLOGICAL NOISE-MINIMAL LANDING TRAJECTORIES Wind

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Major ascaroside pheromone component asc-C5 influences reproductive plasticity among isolates of the invasive species pinewood nematode

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Integrative Zoology 2021年第6期16卷 893-907页

作者： Meiping ZHAO jacob D.WICKHAM Lilin ZHAO Jianghua SUN State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina

Pheromones are communication chemicals and regulatory signals used by animals and represent unique tools for organisms to mediate behaviors and make“decisions”to maximize their *** plasticity refers to the innate capacity of a species to tolerate a greater breadth of environmental conditions across which it adapts to improve its survival,reproduction,and *** pinewood nematode,Bursaphelenchus xylophilus,an invasive nematode species,was accidentally introduced from North America into Japan,China,and Europe;however,few studies have investigated its pheromones and phenotypic plasticity as a natural ***,we demonstrated a novel phenomenon,in which nematodes under the condition of pheromone presence triggered increased reproduction in invasive strains(JP1,JP2,CN1,CN2,EU1,and EU2),while it simultaneously decreased reproduction in native strains(US1 and US2).The bidirectional effect on fecundity,mediated by presence/absence of pheromones,is henceforth termed pheromone-regulative reproductive plasticity(PRRP).We further found that synthetic ascaroside asc-C5(ascr#9),the major pheromone component,plays a leading role in PRRP and identified 2 candidate receptor genes,Bxydaf-38 and Bxysrd-10,involved in perceiving *** results suggest that plasticity of reproductive responses to pheromones in pinewood nematode may increase its fitness in novel environments following *** opens up a new perspective for invasion biology and presents a novel strategy of invasion,suggesting that pheromones,in addition to their traditional roles in chemical signaling,can influence the reproductive phenotype among native and invasive *** addition,this novel mechanism could broadly explain,through comparative studies of native and invasive populations of animals,a potential underlying factor behind of the success of other biological invasions.

关键词： Bursaphelenchus xylophilus fecundity invasion phenotypic plasticity pheromone

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Current concepts on the role of nitric oxide in portal hypertension

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第11期19卷 1707-1717页

作者： Liang Shuo Hu jacob George Jian Hua Wang Storr Liver Unit Westmead Millennium Institute and Westmead HospitalUniversity of SydneyWestmeadNSW 2145Australia

Portal hypertension(PHT) is defined as a pathological increase in portal venous pressure and frequently accompanies *** pressure can be increased by a rise in portal blood flow,an increase in vascular resistance,or the *** cirrhosis,the primary factor leading to PHT is an increase in intra-hepatic resistance to blood *** much of this increase is a mechanical consequence of architectural disturbances,there is a dynamic and reversible component that represents up to a third of the increased vascular resistance in *** vasoactive substances contribute to the development of *** these,nitric oxide(NO) is the key mediator that paradoxically regulates the sinusoidal(intra-hepatic) and systemic/splanchnic *** deficiency in the liver leads to increased intra-hepatic resistance while increased NO in the circulation contributes to the hyperdynamic systemic/splanchnic *** mediated-angiogenesis also plays a role in splanchnic vasodilation and collateral circulation *** donors reduce PHT in animals models but the key clinical challenge is the development of an NO donor or drug delivery system that selectively targets the liver.

关键词： Nitric oxide Portal hypertension Hepatic stellate cell Liver cirrhosis

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Recent advances in gecko adhesion and friction mechanisms and development of gecko-inspired dry adhesive surfaces

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Friction 2013年第2期1卷 114-129页

作者： Ming ZHOU Noshir PESIKA Hongbo ZENG Yu TIAN jacob ISRAELACHVILI State Key Laboratory of Tribology Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Department Tulane UniversityNew OrleansLA 70118USA Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering University of AlbertaEdmontonABT6G 2V4Canada Department of Chemical Engineering Materials Research LaboratoryUniversity of CaliforniaSanta BarbaraCalifornia 93106USA Institute of Mechanical Manufacturing Technology China Academy of Engineering PhysicsMianyang621900China

The remarkable ability of geckos to climb and run rapidly on walls and ceilings has recently received considerable interest from many *** progress has been made in understanding the attachment and detachment mechanisms and the fabrication of articulated gecko-inspired adhesives and structured *** article reviews the direct experiments that have investigated the properties of gecko hierarchical structures,i.e.,the feet,toes,setae,and spatulae,and the corresponding models to ascertain the mechanical principles *** in this review are reports on gecko-inspired surfaces and structures with strong adhesion forces,high ratios of adhesion and friction forces,anisotropic hierarchical structures that give rise to directional adhesion and friction,and“intelligent”attachment and detachment motions.

关键词： gecko feet surfaces setae spatulae anisotropic dry adhesion and friction articulated motion

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Uncertainty-averse TRANSCO planning for accommodating renewable energy in CO_(2)reduction environment

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2015年第1期3卷 24-32页

作者： Chunyu ZHANG Yi DING Qi WANG Yusheng XUE jacobØSTERGAARD Center for Electric Power and Energy Technical University of Denmark2800 Kgs.LyngbyDenmark State Grid Electric Power Research Institute(SGEPRI) Nanjing 210003China

The concern of the environment and energy sustainability requests a crucial target of CO_(2)abatement and results in a relatively high penetration of renewable energy generation in the transmission *** maintaining system reliability and security,the transmission company(TRANSCO)has to make strategic planning to handle the uncertainty challenges from the intermittent renewable energy *** this paper,a stochastic multi-period multi-objective transmission planning(MPMOTP)model is proposed to reduce correlated uncertainties from renewable energy generation,conventional generation,demand-side variations,market price volatility,and transmission *** objectives,*** CO_(2)reduction benefit,energy purchase and network expansion cost and power delivery profit,are optimized simultaneously by a developed two-phase multi-objective particle swarm optimization(MOPSO)*** feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed uncertainty-averse MPMOTP model have been verified by the IEEE 24-bus test system.

关键词： CO_(2)reduction Renewable energy Uncertainty Multi-objective planning TRANSCO MOPSO

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Freeform spectrometer enabling increased compactness

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Light(Science & Applications) 2017年第1期6卷 646-655页

作者： jacob Reimers Aaron Bauer Kevin P Thompson Jannick P Rolland The Institute of Optics University of RochesterRochesterNY 14627USA Synopsys Inc.3 Graywood LanePittsfordNY 14534USA

We present optical designs with freeform optics in the context of hyperspectral *** show designs that are 5×more compact in volume than similar designs using conventional spherical or aspherical *** will show how combining the concepts of spatial and spectral-band broadening,which will be introduced in this paper,led to the improvement in compactness that is uniquely enabled by freeform optics.

关键词： aberrations freeform optics imaging spectrometer

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Nitrite sensor using activated biochar synthesised by microwave-assisted

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Waste Disposal and Sustainable Energy 2023年第1期5卷 1-11页

作者： Scarlett Allende Yang Liu Muhammad Adeel Zafar Mohan V.jacob Electronics Material Lab College of Science and EngineeringJames Cook UniversityTownsvilleQLD4811Australia College of Science and Engineering James Cook UniversityTownsvilleQLD4811Australia

Developing applications for the by-products obtained from waste processing is vital for resource *** synthesis of ZnCl2-activated biochar with high electrocatalytic activity was carried out by the microwave-assisted pyrolysis of pineapple peel and subsequent chemical activation *** biochar is employed in the electrochemical sensing of nitrite by drop casting in a glassy carbon electrode(GCE).The activated biochar exhibited a stacked carbon sheet,254 m2 g−1 Brunauer,Emmett and Teller(BET)surface area,0.076 cm3 g−1 pore volume,189.53 m2 g−1 micropore area and oxygen-containing functional *** electrochemical impedance spectroscopy of the modified GCE showed a reduced charge transfer resistance of 61%.This is crucial to determine the electrochemical properties of *** sensor showed a significant current response and an excellent limit of detection of 0.97µmol L−*** modified-activated biochar electrochemical sensor demonstrated high selectivity,reproducibility(RSD=2.4%),and stability(RSD=2.6%).

关键词： Microwave-assisted pyrolysis Biochar Nitrite Electrochemical sensor

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Bacterial degradation of coal discard and geologically weathered coal

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International Journal of Coal Science & Technology 2020年第2期7卷 405-416页

作者： jacob Taiwo Olawale Oghenekume Gerald Edeki Ashton Keith Cowan Institute for Environmental Biotechnology Rhodes University(EBRU)P.O.Box 94Makhanda6140South Africa

The biodegradation of coal discard is being intensively studied in South Africa in an effort to develop passive methods for the successful revegetation and rehabilitation of waste dumps, to mitigate pollution, and facilitate mine closure. Bacteria were isolated from slurries of coal tailings and diesel-contaminated soil, screened for coal biodegradation competence, characterized, and the colonization and degradation of coal discard and geologically weathered coal investigated using individual isolates and consortia. Ten novel coal-degrading bacterial strains were isolated and characterized, the gene sequences deposited with GenBank, and the (wild-type) strains deposited at Microbial Culture Collection, India. The results from the present work show that bituminous coal discard and geologically weathered coal is used by these isolates as carbon and energy source. Isolated strains and consortia colonized and degraded both coal substrates. Growth rate of the isolates is faster and stationery phase achieved sooner in minimal medium containing geologically weathered coal. This observation suggests that the oxygen-rich weathered coal is a more friable substrate and thus readily colonised and biodegraded. A reduction in mass of substrate is demonstrated for both individual isolates and consortia. The changes in pH and associated media colouration occurred concomitant with formation of humic acid-like (HS) and fulvic acid-like substances (FS) which is confirmed following analysis of these products by FT-IR spectroscopy. It is concluded that preferential metabolism of alkanes from the coal substrates provided the carbon and energy for bacterial growth and transformation of the substrates to HS and FS.

关键词： Bacteria Biodegradation Coal discard Humic acid Fulvic acid FT-IR Geologically weathered coal

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