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Gastroenterology training in private hospitals:India vs South Africa

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第8期16卷 948-952页

作者： Chris jacob Johan mulder Amarender Singh Puri Duvvur Nageshwar Reddy Department of Gastroenterology VU University Medical Center Department of Gastroenterology GB Pant Hospital Asian Institute of Gastroenterology

In South Africa,nurses and doctors are emigrating in significant numbers. Job satisfaction,safety and ensuring career progression are important in retaining doctors to make a career in Republic of South Africa (RSA). Due to budgetary constraints many hospitals have not been upgraded. Coming home after overseas training seems difficult. In RSA it takes a minimum of 13 years for a young specialist to become registered and 15 years for subspecialists. Career progression,creating more specialist trainees in public and private hospitals and shortening the period of professional training are potential solutions to the problem. India,which has a population of more than 1 billion people,is struggling with similar problems. For the past 10-15 years,private hospitals have assisted in manpower development for medical specialist and subspecialist careers. Currently their private sector trains 60% of their recognised (sub)specialities fellows. A national task force for specialist training in RSA should be instituted. It should discuss,based on the current status and projected specialist and subspecialist personnel requirements,thefuture structure and logistics of training needs. This is required in all subspecialities including gastroenterology,as has been done in India. It is hoped that as a consequence well-trained doctors,similar to those in India,might move to provincial hospitals in rural areas,upgrading the medical services and keeping medical power in South Africa. South Africa should become a model for Sub-Saharan Africa,as India already is for South-East Asia.

关键词： Brain drain Gastroenterology India Man-power Private hospitals Specialist training Subspe-cialties Teaching hospitals

Laser ablation(in situ)Lu-Hf dating of magmatic fluorite and hydrothermal fluorite-bearing veins

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Geoscience Frontiers 2023年第6期14卷 142-154页

作者： Stijn Glorie jacob mulder Martin Hand Adrian Fabris Alexander Simpson Sarah Gilbert Department of Earth Sciences University of AdelaideSA 5005Australia Geological Survey of South Australia Department for Energy and MiningAdelaideSA 5005Australia Adelaide Microscopy University of AdelaideSA 5005Australia

Fluorite(CaF_(2))is a common hydrothermal mineral,which precipitates from fluorine-rich fluids with an exceptional capacity to transport metals and Rare Earth Elements(REEs).Hence,the ability to date fluorite has important implications for understanding the timing of metal transport in hydrothermal *** we present,for the first time,fluorite Lu-Hf dates from fluorite-carbonate veins from the Olympic Cu-Au Province in South *** fluorite dates were obtained in situ using the recently developed LA-ICP-MS/MS Lu-Hf dating method.A fluorite-calcite age of 1588±19 Ma was obtained for the Torrens Dam prospect,consistent with the timing of the formation of the nearby Olympic Dam iron-oxide copper gold Breccia *** in the overlying Neoproterozoic successions were dated at 502±14 Ma,indicating a temporal link between Cu-sulphide remobilisation and the Delamerian ***,we present a multi-session reproducible date for magmatic fluorite from a monzogranite in the Pilbara Craton(Lu-Hf age of 2866±19 Ma).This age is consistent with a garnet Lu-Hf age from the same sample(2850±12 Ma)and holds potential to be developed into a secondary reference material for future fluorite Lu-Hf dating.

关键词： Reaction-cell ICP-MS In-situ geochronology Fluorite-calcite veins Iron oxide copper-gold Critical mineral exploration Rare Earth Elements

Digestive oncologist in the gastroenterology training curriculum

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2011年第9期17卷 1109-1115页

作者： Chris jacob Johan mulder Marc Peeters Annemieke Cats Anna Dahele Jochim Terhaar sive Droste Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology VU University Medical Center Department of Oncology Antwerp University Hospital Antwerp Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Netherlands Cancer Institute

Until the late 1980s, gastroenterology (GE) was considered a subspecialty of Internal Medicine. Today, GE also incorporates Hepatology. However, Digestive Oncology training is poorly defined in the Hepatogastroenterology (HGE)-curriculum. Therefore, a Digestive Oncology curriculum should be developed and this document might be a starting point for such a curriculum. HGE-specialists are increasingly resisting the paradigm in which they play only a diagnostic and technical role in the management of digestive tumors. We suggest minimum endpoints in the standard HGE-curriculum for oncology, and recommend a focus year in the Netherlands for Digestive Oncology in the HGE-curriculum. To produce welltrained digestive oncologists, an advanced Digestive Oncology training program with specific qualifications in Digestive Oncology (2 years) has been developed. The schedule in Belgium includes a period of at least 6 mo to be spent in a medical oncology department. The goal ofthese programs remains the production of well-trained digestive oncologists. HGE specialists are part of the multidisciplinary oncological teams, and some have been administering chemotherapy in their countries for years. In this article, we provide a road map for the organization of a proper training in Digestive Oncology. We hope that the World Gastroenterology Organisation and other (inter)national societies will support the necessary certifications for this specific training in the HGE-curriculum.

关键词： Gastroenterology Training Digestive oncologist Curriculum Chemotherapy Immunotherapy Oncology Targeted therapy

In situ apatite and carbonate Lu-Hf and molybdenite Re-Os geochronology for ore deposit research:Method validation and example application to Cu-Au mineralisation

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Geoscience Frontiers 2024年第5期15卷 339-354页

作者： Alexander Simpson Stijn Glorie Martin Hand Sarah E.Gilbert Carl Spandler Marija Dmitrijeva Greg Swain Angus Nixon jacob mulder Carsten Münker Department of Earth Sciences University of AdelaideSA 5005Australia Mineral Exploration Cooperative Research Centre University of AdelaideSA 5005Australia Adelaide Microscopy University of AdelaideSA 5005Australia Fortescue Level 287Adelaide TerraceEast PerthWA 6005Australia Institute of Geology und Mineralogy University of Köln50674 KölnGermany British Geological Survey NottinghamUK

The development of laser ablation inductively coupled plasma quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry(LA-ICP-Q-MS/MS)opens new opportunities to rapidly date a variety of hydrothermal *** we present in situ Lu-Hf and Re-Os dates for hydrothermal apatite and molybdenite,*** further report the first in situ Lu-Hf dates for bastnäsite,dolomite,and siderite,and assess their potential for constraining ore deposit *** method validation,we report isotope-dilution Lu-Hf dates for apatite reference material Bamble-1(1102±5 Ma)and calcite reference material ME-1(1531±7 Ma),enabling improved accuracy on matrix-matched calibration for LA-ICP-MS/MS Lu-Hf *** new methods are applied to the Vulcan Iron-Oxide Copper-Gold(IOCG)prospect in the Olympic Cu-Au Province of South *** deposits have been difficult to accurately date,given the general lack of reliable mineral geochronometers that are cogenetic with IOCG *** apatite Lu-Hf dates and molybdenite Re-Os dates demonstrate that mineralisation at Vulcan largely occurred at ca.1.6 Ga,contemporaneous with the world class Olympic Dam *** data also indicates that the Lu-Hf system in apatite is more robust than the U-Pb system for determining the timing of primary apatite formation in an IOCG *** further demonstrate that dolomite can retain Lu-Hf growth ages over an extended time period(>1.5 billion years),providing constraints on the timing of primary ore mineral crystallisation during brecciation and IOCG ***,late Neoproterozoic(ca.589–544 Ma)and Carboniferous(ca.334±7 Ma)Lu-Hf dates were obtained for texturally late Cubearing carbonate veins,illustrating that the carbonate Lu-Hf method allows direct dating of Cu remobilisation *** has important implications for mineral exploration as the remobilised Cu may have been transferred to younger deposits hosted in Neoproterozoic sedimentary basins overlaying the Olympic IOCG provi

关键词： Reaction-cell ICP-MS In-situ geochronology Lu-Hf Re-Os Iron Oxide Copper Gold Metal fluids