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Pine wilt disease: a short review of worldwide research

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Forestry Studies in China 2011年第2期13卷 132-138页

作者： Alexander Yu. RYSS Oleg A. KULINICH jack R. SUTHERLAND Zoological Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences Universitetskaya Embankment Centre of Parasitology A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution Victoria British Columbia V8R 5V9

This article summarizes the results of the research papers presented at the International Symposium on pine wilt disease （IUFRO Working Party Meeting 4.04.03） held in July 2009, at Nanjing, China. The general topics covered were on pine wilt disease （PWD）, its causal organism, the pinewood nematode （PWN） Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, plus other PWN-associated microorganisms that play a significant role in PWD such as bacteria （e.g. Pseudomonasfluorescens）. Most of the papers that are reviewed are based on work on PWD-PWN in East Asia and Russia. Specific topics covered include： 1） the fundamental conceptions of PWD development, 2） pathogenicity, 3） host-parasite relationships including the histopathology of diseased conifers and the role of toxins from bacteria-nematode ecto-symbionts, 4） PWN life cycle and transmission, 5） B. xylophilus dissemination models, 6） associations （with other nematodes）, 7） diagnostics, 8） quarantine and control of the PWN and 9） biocontrol of the PWN.

关键词： pine wilt disease pinewood nematodes forestry control Bursaphelenchus Pseudomonas Esteya review

Structural Studies on the Cu–H System under Compression

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Engineering 2019年第3期5卷 505-509页

作者： jack Binns Miriam Pena-Alvarez Mary-Ellen Donnelly Eugene Gregoryanz Ross T. Howie Philip Dalladay-Simpson Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research (HPSTAR) Shanghai 201203 China Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions The University of Edinburgh Edinburgh EH9 3FD UK Key Laboratory of Materials Physics Institute of Solid State Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Hefei 230031 China

Hydrogen chemistry at extreme pressures is currently subject to extensive research due to the observed and predicted enhanced physical properties when hydrogen is incorporated in numerous binary systems. Despite the high reactivity of hydrogen, the noble metals (Cu, Ag, and Au) display an outstanding resilience to hydride formation, with no reports of a stable compound with a hydrogen molar ratio - 1 at room temperature. Here, through extreme compression and in situ laser heating of pure copper in a hydrogen atmosphere, we explore the affinity of these elements to adopt binary compounds. We report on the phase behavior and stabilities in the Cu–H system, analyzed via synchrotron X-ray diffraction, up to pressures of 50 GPa. We confirm the existence of the previously reported c0-CuH0.15, c1-CuH0.5, and e-Cu2H phases. Most notably, we report the highest hydrogen-content noble-metal hydride stable at room temperature to date: c2-CuH0.65, which was synthesized through laser heating. This study furthers our understanding of hydrogen-transition metal chemistry and may find applicability in future hydrogen-storage applications.

关键词： High pressure Hydrogen storage Noble metal chemistry

Maternal milk ILCs and adaptive immune cells populate neonatal organs

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2020年第6期17卷 665-667页

作者： jack C.Yu Hesam Khodadadi Évila da Silva Lopes Salles Fairouz Chibane Jatinder Bhatia Babak Baban Children’s Hospital of Georgia and Medical College of Georgia Augusta UniversityAugustaGAUSA Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences Dental College of GeorgiaAugusta UniversityAugustaGAUSA Department of Surgery Medical College of GeorgiaAugusta UniversityAugustaGAUSA Division of Neonatology Department of PediatricMedical College of GeorgiaAugusta UniversityAugustaGAUSA

How does the neonatal immune system decide which of the millions and millions of microbes it encounters during and soon after birth are commensal and which are pathological?This is not a trivial *** vigorous responses to commensal bacteria cause unnecessary collateral tissue damage and loss of the potentially beneficial microbial flora needed for host *** the other hand,insufficient immune defense against invading,harmful,microbes is also very problematic,if not lethal.1 While the mechanisms for self-tolerance have been the subject of extensive investigations since the mid-1950s,such is not the case for selective unresponsiveness to commensal microbial flora residing on the skin or the mucosa of the gastrointestinal track.

关键词： neonatal organs immune

Effects of DNA topoisomerase IIα splice variants on acquired drug resistance

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Cancer Drug Resistance 2020年第2期3卷 161-170页

作者： Terry S.Elton Hatice Gulcin Ozer jack C.Yalowich Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology College of PharmacyThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43210USA Department of Biomedical Informatics College of MedicineThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43210USA

DNA topoisomerase IIα(170 kDa,TOP2α/170)induces transient DNA double-strand breaks in proliferating cells to resolve DNA topological entanglements during chromosome condensation,replication,and ***,TOP2α/170 is a prominent target for anticancer drugs whose clinical efficacy is often compromised due to *** many resistance mechanisms have been defined,acquired resistance of human cancer cell lines to TOP2αinterfacial inhibitors/poisons is frequently associated with a reduction of Top2α/170 expression *** studies by our laboratory,in conjunction with earlier findings by other investigators,support the hypothesis that a major mechanism of acquired resistance to TOP2α-targeted drugs is due to alternative RNA processing/***,several TOP2αmRNA splice variants have been reported which retain introns and are translated into truncated TOP2αisoforms lacking nuclear localization sequences and subsequent dysregulated nuclear-cytoplasmic *** addition,intron retention can lead to truncated isoforms that lack both nuclear localization sequences and the active site tyrosine(Tyr805)necessary for forming enzyme-DNA covalent complexes and inducing DNA damage in the presence of TOP2α-targeted ***,these truncated TOP2αisoforms result in decreased drug activity against TOP2αin the nucleus and manifest drug ***,the complete characterization of the mechanism(s)regulating the alternative RNA processing of TOP2αpre-mRNA may result in new strategies to circumvent acquired drug ***,novel TOP2αsplice variants and truncated TOP2αisoforms may be useful as biomarkers for drug resistance,prognosis,and/or direct future TOP2α-targeted therapies.

关键词： DNA topoisomerase IIα chemoresistance alternative splicing intron retention topoisomerase IIαinterfacial inhibitors/poisons

Ketamine use disorder:preclinical,clinical,and neuroimaging evidence to support proposed mechanisms of actions

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Intelligent Medicine 2022年第2期2卷 61-68页

作者： Leah Vines Diana Sotelo Allison Johnson Evan Dennis Peter Manza Nora D.Volkow Gene-jack Wang Laboratory of Neuroimaging National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and AlcoholismNational Institutes of Health10 Center DrRm B2L124BethesdaMarylandUnited States

Ketamine,a noncompetitive N-methyl-D-aspartate(NMDA)receptor antagonist,has been exclusively used as an anesthetic in medicine and has led to new insights into the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric *** studies have shown that low subanesthetic doses of ketamine produce antidepressant effects for individuals with ***,its use as a treatment for psychiatric disorders has been limited due to its reinforcing effects and high potential for diversion and *** studies have focused on understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying ketamine’s antidepressant effects,but a precise mechanism had yet to be *** we review different hypotheses for ketamine’s mechanism of action including the direct inhibition and disinhibition of NMDA receptors,aminomethylphosphonic acid receptors(AMPAR)activation,and heightened activation of monoaminergic *** proposed mechanisms are not mutually exclusive,and their combined influence may exert the observed structural and functional neural *** term use of ketamine induces brain structural,functional impairments,and neurodevelopmental effects in both rodents and *** misuse has increased rapidly in the past 20 years and is one of the most common addictive drugs used in *** proposed mechanisms of action and supporting neuroimaging data allow for the development of tools to identify‘biotypes’of ketamine use disorder(KUD)using machine learning approaches,which could inform intervention and treatment.

关键词： Ketamine Neuroimaging N-methyl-D-aspartate Dopamine Serotonin Glutamatergic Gamma-aminobutyric acid

Chang'an a Crossroads for Early Christianity in Chia

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中国周刊 2003年第8期 36-37页

作者： jack Coster

Thick Stands of bamboo line the small road leading up; to the fa mous Lou Guan Tai. About 1,400 years ago, Lou Guan Tai was the maior Taoist centre in China. Lao Zi is believed to have written the Tao Te Ching here in the 6th century BC. Todav it is a pleasant temple, surrounded by (?)orest ana quiet *** this time we are nere to see another temple, said to be near Lou Guan. It is called Da Qin, and it remained in relative obscurity for centuries until its role in the 7th century Christian church was rediscovered *** trip to Lou Guan began to take

关键词： in of were Chang’an a Crossroads for Early Christianity in Chia that for have