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Carbon-based bifunctional electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction and oxygen evolution reactions:Optimization strategies and mechanistic analysis

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2022年第8期31卷 234-265,I0008页

作者： Huidong Xu jack Yang Riyue Ge Jiujun Zhang Ying Li Mingyuan Zhu Liming Dai Sean Li Wenxian Li Institute of Materials Shanghai University School of Materials Science and Engineering UNSW Materials and Manufacturing Futures InstituteUniversity of New South Wales Institute for Sustainable Energy Shanghai University School of Chemical Engineering University of New South Wales Shanghai Key Laboratory of High Temperature Superconductors

Electrocatalysts are one of the essential components for the devices of high-efficiency green energy storage and conversion,such as metal-air cells,fuel cells,and water electrolysis *** catalysts made from noble metals possess high catalytic performance in both oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER),their scarcity and expensiveness significantly limit large-scale *** this regard,metal-free/non-noble metal carbon-based catalysts have become competitive alternatives to replace catalysts made of noble ***,low catalytic ORR/OER performance is the challenge of carbon-based catalysts for the commercial applications of metal-air *** solve the problem of poor catalytic performance,two strategies have been proposed:(1)controlling the microstructure of the catalysts to expose more active sites as the channels of rapid mass and electron transfer;and(2)reducing the reaction energy barrier by optimizing the electronic structures of the catalysts via surface ***,we review different types of bifunctional ORR/OER electrocatalysts with the activated surface *** focus on how the challenge can be overcome with different methods of material synthesis,structural and surface characterization,performance validation/optimization,to outline the principles of surface modifications behind catalyst *** particular,we provide critical analysis in the challenges that we are facing in structural design and surface engineering of bifunctional ORR/OER catalysts and indicate the possible solution for these problems,providing the society with clearer ideas on the practical prospects of noble-metal-free electrocatalysts for their future applications.

关键词： Electrocatalyst Bifunctionality Oxygen reduction Oxygen evolution Carbons transition metals Surface engineering Microstructure

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Burns infection profile of Singapore:prevalence of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii and the role of blood cultures

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Burns & Trauma 2016年第2期4卷 144-152页

作者： Christopher Tam Song Jolie Hwee Colin Song Bien Keem Tan Si jack Chong University of Edinburgh EdinburghUK Singapore General Hospital SingaporeSingapore Cape Clinic Singapore SingaporeSingapore

Background:With various changes implemented such as perioperative antibiotics for tangential excision,this retrospective study reviews the infection profile of burn patients at Singapore's only centralized burns ***,the appearance of multidrug-resistant(MDR)strains of Acinetobacter baumanni(***)continues to worsen patient *** study also surveys the role of blood cultures in burns at our ***:Four hundred fifty-two burn patients admitted to the unit between 2011 and 2013,and with cultures performed,were included in the *** yields of various cultures were evaluated and 2684 samples were amassed,of which 984(36.7%)were *** variables for predictors of MDR *** infection acquisition and bacteremia were evaluated through multivariate ***:Pseuodomonas aeruginosa(***)(67 patients)was the most common organism in those with total body surface area(TBSA)burn<20%while MDR ***(39 patients)was most prevalent in those with TBSA burn≥20%.We found a yield of 1.1%positive blood cultures for TBSA burn<20%and a yield of 18.6%positive cultures in TBSA burn≥20%.The median time between surgery and bacteremia was 6.5 days(range-18 to 68 days,interquartile range 4.5);2.9 and 8.8%of bacteremic episodes occurred within 24 and 48 h,*** is a decrease from a predeceasing study(45.3%for 24 h and 60%for 48 h).Multivariate analysis revealed that length of hospital stay and TBSA burn≥20%were predictors of MDR *** infection and positive blood ***:MDR *** infection burdens patient management,especially in those with TBSA burn≥20%and longer hospital *** antibiotics may reduce perioperative bacteremia,but their role in MDR infections needs to be *** role of blood cultures in TBSA burn<20%needs reconsideration.

关键词： Drug resistant Burns Acinetobacter baumanni Blood cultures Epidemiology Singapore Infection

Blame the Shape of Your Nose on Climate

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作者： jack E. Davis.

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新高考(英语进阶) 2017年第Z2期 70-71页

作者： jack

词数:410阅读难度:★★★☆☆建议阅读时间:5分钟If you are not satisfied with the shape of your nose,blame it on climate,not your parents or *** a study published this week in the journal PLOS Genetics,researchers from t... 详细信息

关键词： Blame the Shape of Your Nose on Climate

VX Nerve Agent:a Deadly Weapon, Rarely Seen

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新高考(英语进阶) 2017年第Z1期 66-67页

作者： jack

词数:496阅读难度:★★★☆☆建议阅读时间:6分钟HONG KONG—The Malaysian authorities said on Friday that Kim Jong-nam,the half brother of North Korea’s leader,had been killed by VX nerve agent applied to his *** substance,__;__;s a chemical weapon,was kept for decades in the arsenals（兵工厂）of many militaries,including that of the United *** since the Chemical Weapons Convention came into__;__;n 1997,most stockpiles globally have been *** is a nerve agent?

关键词： VX Nerve Agent:a Deadly Weapon 动词短语 Rarely Seen

Harry Potter and the cursed child

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Harry Potter and the cursed child

Physics-based,data-driven approach for predicting natural ventilation of residential high-rise buildings

作者： a new play by jack Thorne.

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Building Simulation 2022年第1期15卷 129-148页

作者： Vincent J.L.Gan Boyu Wang C.M.Chan A.U.Weerasuriya jack C.P.Cheng Department of Building School of Design and EnvironmentNational University of SingaporeSingapore117566 Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong Kong999077China

Natural ventilation is particularly important for residential high-rise buildings as it maintains indoor human comfort without incurring the energy demands that air-conditioning *** improve a building’s natural ventilation,it is essential to develop models to understand the relationship between wind flow characteristics and the building's *** more effort is still needed for developing such reliable,accurate,and computationally economical models instead of currently the most popular physics-based models such as computational fluid dynamics(CFD)*** paper,therefore,presents a novel model developed based on physics-based modelling and a data-driven approach to evaluate natural ventilation in residential high-rise *** model first uses CFD to simulate wind pressures on the exterior surfaces of a high-rise *** the surface pressures have been obtained,multizone modelling is used to predict the air change per hour(ACH)for different flats in various ***-driven prediction models are then developed using data from the simulation and deep neural networks that are based on mean absolute error,mean absolute percentage error,and a fusion algorithm *** data-driven models are used to predict the ACH of 25 *** results from multizone modelling and data-driven modelling are *** results imply a high accuracy of the data-driven prediction in comparison with physics-based *** fusion algorithm-based neural network performs best,achieving 96%accuracy,which is the highest of all models *** study contributes a more efficient and robust method for predicting wind-induced natural *** findings describe the relationship between building design(e.g.,plan layout),distribution of surface pressure,and the resulting ACH,which serve to improve the practical design of sustainable buildings.

关键词： computational fluid dynamics data-driven prediction machine learning multizone model natural ventilation residential building

Effect of inflammatory bowel disease treatments on patients with diabetes mellitus

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World Journal of Diabetes 2021年第8期12卷 1248-1254页

作者： Joshua Ashley jack Bower Lauren O'Flynn Rakhi Kakad David Aldulaimi Department of Gastroenterology South Warwickshire Foundation TrustWarwick CV345BWUnited Kingdom Department of Endocrinology South Warwickshire Foundation TrustWarwick CV345BWUnited Kingdom

As medical care progresses and the number of patients with chronic conditions increases there is the inevitable challenge of managing patients with multiple *** bowel disease(IBD)is an umbrella term for are inflammatory conditions affecting the gastrointestinal tract,the two most common forms being Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn’s *** diseases,usually diagnosed in young adults,exhibit a relapsing and remitting course and usually require longterm *** can be treated with a number of topical and systemic *** conducted a review of the current published evidence for the effects these medications can have on diabetes mellitus(DM)and glycaemic *** were conducted on medline and embase with a timeframe from 1947(the date from which studies on embase are recorded)to November *** publications were selected and *** evidence of the impact of aminosalicylates,corticosteroids,thiopurines,and biologic agents was *** there was limited evidence for certain agents,IBD medications have been shown to have an effect of DM and these effects should be considered in managing patients with dual *** effects of steroids on blood sugar control is well documented,but consideration of other agents is also *** patients requiring steroids for Ulcerative Colitis,locally acting steroid agents delivered rectally may be preferred to minimise side effects in those with distal bowel Ulcerative Colitis.A switch to other agents should be considered as soon as possible in people with diabetes to limit the impact on glycaemic control.5-aminosalicylates appear to play a role in the reduction of hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c),although the literature suggests these may be falsely low ***,monitoring of people with diabetes on these agents may require daily monitoring of capillary blood sugars rather than relying simply on HbA1c;for example fructosamine performed 3-6 monthly,although th

关键词： Inflammatory bowel disease Diabetes mellitus Crohn's disease Ulcerative colitis Anti-tumor necrosis factor-α Corticosteroids

Cytochrome c Oxidase Subunit 1-based Human RNA Quantification to Enhance mRNA Profiling in Forensic Biology

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Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine 2017年第3期3卷 115-121页

作者： Dong Zhao Xi Chen Zhiyuan An Erin Hanson jack Ballantyne Collaborative Innovation Center of Judicial Civilization Key Laboratory of Evidence ScienceMinistry of EducationChina University of Political Science and LawBeijingChina National Center for Forensic Science University of Central FloridaOrlandoFloridaUnited States of America

RNA analysis offers many potential applications in forensic science,and molecular identification of body fluids by analysis of cell‑specific RNA markers represents a new technique for use in forensic ***,due to the nature of forensic materials that often admixed with nonhuman cellular components,human‑specific RNA quantification is required for the forensic RNA *** assay for human RNA has been developed in the present study with respect to body fluid samples in forensic *** quantitative assay is based on real‑time reverse transcription‑polymerase chain reaction of mitochondrial RNA cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and capable of RNA quantification with high reproducibility and a wide dynamic *** human RNA quantification improves the quality of mRNA profiling in the identification of body fluids of saliva and semen because the quantification assay can exclude the influence of nonhuman components and reduce the adverse affection from degraded RNA fragments.

关键词： Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I forensic science quantitative polymerase chain reaction RNA quantification