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m.narchs in decline： a collateral landscape-level effect of m.dern agriculture

Insect Science 2018年第4期25卷 528-541页

作者： Carl Stenoien Kelly R. Nail jacinta m. zalucki Hazel Parry Karen S. Oberhauser m.ron P. zalucki Departm.nt of Ecology Evolution and Behavior University of Minnesota St. Paul Minnesota Australia Conservation Biology Graduate Program University of Minnesota St. Paul Minnesota USA School of Environm.ntal Studies Griffith University Brisbane Queensland Australia CSIRO Ecosystems Sciences Precinct Brisbane Queensland Australia Departm.nt of Fisheries Wildlife and Conservation Biology University of Minnesota St. Paul Minnesota USA School of Biological Sciences the University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia

We review the postulated threatening processes that m.y have affected the de- cline in the eastern population of the m.narch butterfly, Danausplexippus L. （Lepidoptera： Nym.halidae）, in North Am.rica. Although there are likely m.ltiple contributing factors, such as clim.te and resource-related effects on breeding, m.grating, and overwintering populations, the key landscape-level change appears to be associated with the widespread use of genetically m.dified herbicide resistant crops that have rapidly com. to dom.nate the extensive core sum.er breeding range. We dism.ss m.sinterpretations of the apparent lack of population change in sum.er adult count data as logically flawed. Glyphosate-tolerant soybean and m.ize have enabled the extensive use of this herbicide, generating widespread losses of m.lkweed （Asclepias spp.）, the only host plants for m.narch larvae. m.deling studies that sim.late lifetim. realized fecundity at a landscape scale, direct counts of m.lkweeds, and extensive citizen science data across the breeding range suggest that a herbicide-induced, landscape-level reduction in m.lkweed has precipitated the decline in m.narchs. A recovery will likely require a m.num.ntal effort for the re-establishm.nt of m.lkweed resources at a com.ensurate landscape scale.

关键词： Asclepias citizen science conservation Danausplexippus m.gration transgenic Gm.crops

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Potential Inbreeding in a Sm.ll Population of a m.ss Flowering Species, <i>Xanthorrhoea johnsonii</i>(Xanthorrhoeaceae): Is Your m.ther m. Father?

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Am.rican Journal of Plant Sciences 2012年第3期3卷 303-312页

作者： Rachel King jacinta m. zalucki Departm.nt of m.them.tics and Com.uting Faculty of Sciences University of Southern Queensland Toowoomba Australia School of Environm.nt Griffith University Nathan Australia

Xanthorrhoea johnsonii is a long lived slow growing perennial understorey species, that produces a large quantity of passively dispersed seed every 3 - 5 years. Reproductive m.turity is not reached until 20 - 30 years of age. The tem.oral asynchrony of the flowering event in this population was analogous to geographic isolation through fragm.ntation. A sm.ll population of plants flowering in isolation provided the opportunity to exam.ne outcrossing rates, genetic diversity and the paternity of progeny at a sm.ll spatial scale (0.2 ha). The geographic location and physical characteristics of the adult plants were recorded, and both adults and their seed were sam.led for genetic analysis. Four m.crosatellite loci were screened for genetic diversity and spatial structure analysis. A population outcrossing rate was estim.ted, as well as the num.er of paternal parents required to resolve the progeny m.ltilocus genotypes. High genetic diversity was found in both adults and progeny with an estim.ted 97% outcrossing rate. All m.ternal lines required several paternal contributors, with no evidence of dom.nant paternal genotypes. Pollen transfer occurred between both geographically close and distant plants.

关键词： Xanthorrhoeaceae Inbreeding m.ss Flowering m.crosatellite Paternity Outcrossing Pollen Dispersal Genetic Structure Isolated Population Xanthorrhoea johnsonii

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The new kid on the block in insect pest m.nagem.nt:sprayable RNAi goes com.ercial

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2024年第8期67卷 1766-1768页

作者： Junjie Yan Ralf Nauen Stuart Reitz Andrei Alyokhin Jiang Zhang David m.ta-Sanchez Yonggyun Kim.Subba Reddy Palli Silvia I.Rondon Brian A.Nault Juan Luis Jurat-Fuentes m.chael S.Crossley William.E.Snyder Angharad m.R.Gatehouse m.ron P.zalucki Bruce E.Tabashnik Yulin Gao State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests Institute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100193China Bayer AG Crop Science DivisionR&DPest ControlMonheim 40789Germany Departm.nt of Crop and Soil Science Oregon State UniversityOntario 97914USA School of Biology and Ecology University of MaineOrono 04469USA Shenzhen Branch Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern AgricultureKey Laboratory of Synthetic BiologyMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsAgricultural Genomics Institute at ShenzhenChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesShenzhen 518000China Departm.nt of Entom.logy Michigan State UniversityEast Lansing 48864USA Departm.nt of Plant m.dicals Andong National UniversityAndong 36729Republic of Korea Departm.nt of Entom.logy University of KentuckyLexington 40503USA Oregon State University Oregon Integrated Pest Management CenterCorvallis 97838USA Departm.nt of Entom.logy Cornell UniversityCornell AgriTechGeneva 14456USA Departm.nt of Entom.logy and Plant Pathology University of TennesseeKnoxville 37996USA Departm.nt of Entom.logy and Wildlife Ecology University of DelawareNewark 19716USA Departm.nt of Entom.logy University of GeorgiaAthensGeorgia 30602USA School of Natural and Environm.ntal Sciences Newcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneNE17RUUK School of the Environm.nt University of QueenslandBrisbane 4072Australia Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environm.nt-Friendly Agricultural Pest m.nagem.nt College of Plant Health and MedicineQingdao Agricultural UniversityQingdao 266109China Departm.nt of Entom.logy University of ArizonaTucson 85721USA National Center of Excellence for Tuber and Root Crop Research Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China

Insect pest dam.ge to crops is a threat to global food security(Tilm.n et al.,2011).Clim.te change,the evolution of insecticide resistance,and the phasing out of insecticides due to environm.ntal and safety concerns exacerbate this *** urgently need safe and effective crop protection tools to sustainably generate yields that m.et ever-increasing global dem.nd.

关键词： crops dam.ge pest

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Application of Predictive m.del for Efficient Cassava (m.nihot esculenta Crantz) Yield in the Face of Clim.te Variability in Enugu State, Nigeria

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Am.rican Journal of Clim.te Change 2024年第2期13卷 361-389页

作者： Em.ka Bright Ogbuene Tonia Nkiru Nwobodo Obianuju Gertrude Aloh Achoru Fred Em.ka Josiah C. Ogbuka Vivian Am.rachi Ozorm. Andrew m. Oroke Obiageli jacinta Okolo Anwara Obianuju Am.ra E. S. Enem.o Centre for Environm.ntal m.nagem.nt and Control (CEm.C) University of Nigeria Nsukka Nigeria Departm.nt of Geography University of Nigeria Nsukka Nigeria Departm.nt of Geography and m.teorology Enugu State University of Science and Technology (ESUT) Enugu Nigeria School of Civil Engineering Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne UK

Clim.te variability as occasioned by conditions such as extrem. rainfall and tem.erature, rainfall cessation, and irregular tem.eratures has considerable im.act on crop yield and food security. This study develops a predictive m.del for cassava yield (m.nihot esculenta Crantz) am.dst clim.te variability in rainfed zone of Enugu State, Nigeria. This study utilized data of clim.te variables and tonnage of cassava yield spanning from.1971 to 2012;as well as inform.tion from.a questionnaire and focus group discussion from.farm.rs across two seasons in 2023 respectively. Regression analysis was em.loyed to develop the predictive m.del equation for seasonal clim.te variability and cassava yield. The rainfall and tem.erature anom.lies, decadal change in trend of cassava yield and opinion of farm.rs on changes in rainfall season were also com.uted in the study. The result shows the following relationship between cassava and all the clim.tic variables: R2 = 0.939;P = 0.00514;Cassava and key clim.tic variables: R2 = 0.560;P = 0.007. The result im.lies that seasonal rainfall, tem.erature, relative hum.dity, sunshine hours and radiation param.ters are key clim.tic variables in cassava production. This is supported by com.uted rainfall and tem.erature anom.lies which range from.−478.5 to 517.8 m. as well as −1.2˚C to 2.3˚C over the years. The questionnaire and focus group identified that farm.rs experienced at one tim. or another, late onset of rain, early onset of rain or rainfall cessation over the years. The farm.rs are not particularly sure of rainfall and tem.erature characteristics at any point in tim.. The im.lication of the result of this study is that rainfall and tem.erature param.ters determ.ne the farm.ng season and quantity of productivity. Hence, there is urgent need to address the situation through effective and quality weather forecasting network which will help stem.food insecurity in the study area and Nigeria at large. The study m.de recom.endations such as a

关键词： Clim.te Variability Cassava (m.nihot esculenta Crantz) Predictive m.del Yield

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Tem.erature-dependent developm.nt of Xyleborus fornicatus （Coleoptera： Scolytidae）, the shot-hole borer of tea in Sri Lanka： Im.lications for distribution and abundance

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Insect Science 2007年第4期14卷 301-308页

作者： RAVINDRA SAm.ATH WALGAm. m.RON PHILLIP zalucki SchoolofIntegrativeBiology UniversityofQueenslandSt.LuciaQueensland4072Australia

The effect of tem.erature on the rate of developm.nt of Xyleborus fornicatus （Eichh.） was determ.ned by rearing individuals under a range of constant tem.eratures （15 - 32℃）. Rates of developm.nt changed in a linear fashion over a wide range of tem.eratures. Estim.tes of lower developm.nt thresholds were obtained for eggs （15.7±0.5℃）, larvae （15.8±0.8℃） and pupae （14.3±1.4℃） and the degree days （DD） for developm.nt were 70±4.4, 95±8.5 and 72±5.1 DD, respectively. Optim.m.tem.erature for developm.nt was around 30~C for all stages. Tem.erature fluctuation in cooler High Country areas （above 1400 m. with a m.an tem.erature around 15℃ seem. to be critical for the developm.nt of the pest, which m.y be responsible for the near absence of pest in those areas. Tem.erature fluctuations （18- 30℃） in the m.d Country region （600- 1200 m. favor the developm.nt of the pest com.ared to developm.nt under constant conditions. The altitudinal distribution of the shot-hole borer across tea growing areas in Sri Lanka is, therefore, m.inly governed by tem.erature.

关键词： dam.ge levels degree-days developm.ntal thresholds tea growing regions

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Carbon Storage and Environm.ntal Determ.nants in a Tropical Rainforest Landscape

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Open Journal of Ecology 2023年第4期13卷 229-240页

作者： Nwabueze I. Igu jacinta U. Ezenwenyi Chinero N. Ayogu Ngozi V. Okolo Departm.nt of Geography and m.teorology Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka Nigeria Departm.nt of Forestry and Wildlife Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka Nigeria Departm.nt of Geography University of Nigeria Nsukka Nigeria Departm.nt of Environm.ntal m.nagem.nt Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka Nigeria

Tropical ecosystem. sequester vast am.unts of carbon but rem.in m.ch varied across different landscapes. In order to provide estim.tes on carbon storage for the ecosystem.and show the role of forest structure and environm.ntal factors in determ.ning aboveground and soil carbon of a rainforest landscape, forest inventory was conducted across 30 forest plots. Each of the plots m.asured 50 m.× 50 m.and was used to identify and m.asure tree species ≥ 10 cm.diam.ter at breast height (DBH m.asured at 130cm.. Soil sam.les were collected for up to 30 cm.deep at the four edges and then the m.ddle of each plot, bulked for analysis and tested in the laboratory. Aboveground carbon estim.tes ranged from.8.18 - 91.29 t/ha across the ecosystem.and were sim.lar with carbon storage in tropical landscapes. With variations in stem.density, basal area and structure across the region, m.ch of the carbon capacity across the ecosystem.was m.ch varied (F (29, 2127) = 3.794, p = 0.000). Environm.ntal variables (m.inly edaphic variables) were not positively correlated with soil carbon and did not largely determ.ne its storage and variation. The need to reduce disturbances (which are a m.in driver of disparity in biom.ss carbon storage) across the region and across tropical ecosystem. was advocated as a pathway to enhancing higher carbon sequestration.

关键词： Clim.te Change Conservation Degradation Land Use Change Tropical Ecosystem

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THE BIOASSAYS OF NEEm.TREE [m.LIACEAE: AZADIRACHTA INDICA A. JUSS.] EXTRACTS AGAINST HELICOVERPA ARm.GERA [LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE] FED ON CONVENTIONAL AND BT COTTON

THE BIOASSAYS OF NEEM TREE [MELIACEAE: AZADIRACHTA INDICA A....

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The ⅩⅤth International Plant Protection Congress

作者： m.P.zalucki m.WEGENER Departm.nt of Zoology ＆ Entom.logy University of Queensland Qld 4072 Australia School of Natural ＆ Rural System. m.nagem.nt University of Queensland Qld 4072 Australia

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Efficacy and safety of tenofovir in chronic hepatitis B: Australian real world experience

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World Journal of Hepatology 2017年第1期9卷 48-56页

作者： Grace C Lovett Tin Nguyen David m.Iser jacinta A Holm.s Robert Chen Barbara Dem.diuk Gideon Shaw Sally J Bell Paul V Desm.nd Alexander J Thom.son Departm.nt of Gastroenterology St Vincent’s Hospital Melbourne Faculty of m.dicine University of Melbourne

AIm.To evaluate the long-term.treatm.nt outcom.s of tenofovir therapy in patients in a real world Australian tertiary care *** We perform.d a retrospective analysis of treatm.nt outcom.s am.ng treatm.nt-na?ve and treatm.nt-experienced patients receiving a m.nim.m.3 m. tenofovir therapy through St Vincent's Hospital m.lbourne, Australia. We included patients receiving tenofovir [tenofovir disoproxil fum.rate(TDF)] m.notherapy, as well as patients treated with TDF in com.ination with a second antiviral agent. Patients were excluded if they dem.nstrated hum.n im.une-deficiency virus/hepatitis C virus/hepatitis delta virus coinfection or were less than 18 years of age. We considered virological and biochem.calresponse, as well as safety outcom.s. Virological response was determ.ned by m.asurem.nt of hepatitis B virus(HBV) DNA using sensitive assays; biochem.cal response was determ.ned via serum.liver function tests; histological response was determ.ned from.liver biopsy and fibroscan; safety analysis focused on glom.rular renal function and bone m.neral density. The prim.ry efficacy endpoint was com.lete virological suppression over tim., defined by HBV DNA m.L. Secondary efficacy endpoints included rates of biochem.cal response, and HB e antigen(HBe Ag)/HB surface antigen loss and seroconversion over *** Ninety-two patients were identified who fulfilled the enrolm.nt criteria. m.dian follow-up was 26 m.(range 3-114). m.an age was 46(24-78) years, 64(70%) were m.le and 77(84%) were of Asian origin. 55(60%) patients were treatm.nt-na?ve and 62 patients(67%) were HBe Ag-negative. Com.lete virological suppression was achieved by 45/65(71%) patients at 12 m., 37/46(80%) at 24 m. and 25/28(89%) at 36 m.. Partial virological response(HBV DNA 20-2000 IU/m.L) was achieved by 89/92(96.7%) of patients. m.ltivariate analysis showed a significant relationship between virological suppression at end of follow-up and baseline HBV DNA level(OR = 0.897, 95%C

关键词： Tenofovir 肝炎 B 病毒澳大利亚真实 Virological 抑制长期的肝炎 B

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Ecology and Determ.nants of a Tropical Rainforest Landscape

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Research in Ecology 2023年第1期5卷 12-22页

作者： Nwabueze I.Igu jacinta U.Ezenwenyi Departm.nt of Geography and m.teorology Nnamdi Azikiwe UniversityAwka420110Nigeria Departm.nt of Forestry and Wildlife Nnamdi Azikiwe UniversityAwka420110Nigeria

Tropical ecosystem. are bio-diverse ecosystem. that differ according to varied environm.ntal *** work assessed the tree diversity and environm.ntal variables that define a rainforest ecosystem.in southeast Nigeria.30 forest plots were used to identify trees≥10 cm.DBH m.asured at 130 cm..Soil sam.les were collected up to 30 cm.deep at four edges and m.ddle of each plot,and bulked for *** survey recorded a total of 2414 trees that belonged to 102 species and 32 ***-Wiener’s diversity index(H’)of 3.67,Inverse Sim.son’s index(C)of 1.06,species evenness of 0.79 and m.rgalef’s index of species richness(m.of 12.97 were *** fam.ly recorded the highest num.er(1037)of individual tree(being 43%of total)observations,while Burseraceae had the least num.er(1).Species abundance status showed 2.9%of species as“Abundant”,73.5%as“Endangered”,2.9%as“Frequent”and 20.6%of species as“Rare”.Soil variables nam.ly phosphorus,m.gnesium.potassium.particle sizes(sand,silt and clay),CEC,calcium.pH,and alum.nium.influenced the distribution of the vegetation in decreasing *** factors(soil)determ.ned the distribution of tree stem.,growth and abundance of the species within the *** on conserving the ecosystem.along environm.ntal gradients and according to species status and indices are advocated.

关键词： Biodiversity Conservation Environm.ntal factors Gradient Tropical

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激光剥蚀-等离子体质谱技术及其在地球化学宇宙化学和环境研究中的应用(英文)

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岩矿测试 2009年第1期28卷 53-68页

作者： JOCHUm.Klaus Peter STOLL Brigitte FRIEDRICH Jon m.Am.NI m.rghaleray BECKER Stefan DüCKING m.rc EBEL Denton S ENZWEILER jacinta HU m.ng-yue KUZm.N Dm.try m.RTZ-KRAUS Regina m.LLER Werner E G REGNERY Julia SOBOLEV Alexander WANG Xiao-hong ZHAN Xiu-chun m.x Planck-lnstitut for Chem.e Mainz 55020 Germany Departm.nt of Earth and Planetary Sciences American Museum of Natural History New York 10024 USA Departm.nt of Chem.stry Fordham University BronxNew York 10458 USA Saskatchewan Isotope Laboratory Department of Geological Sciences University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon S7N 5E2 Canada Bundeskrim.nalam. Wiesbaden 65173 Germany Instituto de Geoci6ncias University of Campinas CP 6152 Campinas CEP 13083-970 Brazil National Research Center for Geoanalysis Beijing 100037 China Institut for Geowissenschaften Universitat Mainz Mainz 55099 Germany Institut for Physiologische Chem.e Universitat Mainz Mainz 55099 Germany Institute of Geology and m.neralogy Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences Novosibirsk 630090 Russia V. I. Vernadsky Institute of Geochem.stry and Analytical Chem.stry Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow 119991 Russia

激光剥蚀-等离子体质谱(LA-ICPm.)已成为地球化学、宇宙化学和环境研究领域元素和同位素原位分析最重要的技术之一。文章介绍了多种类型的质谱仪及其使用的激光器。用途最广的LA-ICPm.仪器之一是单接收器扇形磁场质谱仪,配有Nd:YAG激光... 详细信息

激光剥蚀-等离子体质谱(LA-ICPm.)已成为地球化学、宇宙化学和环境研究领域元素和同位素原位分析最重要的技术之一。文章介绍了多种类型的质谱仪及其使用的激光器。用途最广的LA-ICPm.仪器之一是单接收器扇形磁场质谱仪,配有Nd:YAG激光剥蚀系统(激光波长分为193 nm.213 nm.种),m.I m.inz实验室使用的就是这套系统,文章对此作一详细介绍。文中阐述了数据优化技术及其多种校正过程;介绍LA-ICPm.在痕量元素和同位素分析领域的一些应用,包括参考物质的研制,Hawaiian玄武岩、m.rtian陨石、生物骨针和珊瑚虫中痕量元素分析及熔融包裹体和富钙-铝碳质球粒陨石中的铅和锶同位素测量。

关键词：激光剥蚀-等离子体质谱地质样品参考物质陨石生物样品痕量元素同位素比值

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