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Three-dimensional magnetization reconstruction from electron optical phase images with physical constraints

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第11期Mechanics & Astronomy) .卷 126-136页

作者： Boyao Lyu Shihua Zhao Yibo Zhang Weiwei Wang Fengshan Zheng Rafal E.Dunin-borkowski Jiadong Zang Haifeng Du Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Low-Energy Quantum Materials and Devices High Magnetic Field LaboratoryHefei Institutes of Physical Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Science Island Branch Graduate School of University of Science and Technology of China Department of Physics and Astronomy University of New Hampshire Department of Physics The City College of New York Physics Program Graduate Center of the City University of New York Department of Chemistry University of New Hampshire Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology Anhui University Spin-X Institute Center for Electron Microscopy School of Physics and OptoelectronicsState Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and DevicesGuangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetic Functional MaterialsSouth China University of Technology Ernst Ruska-Centre for Microscopy and Spectroscopy with Electrons Forschungszentrum Jülich

The ability to characterize three-dimensional(3D) magnetization distributions in nanoscale magnetic materials and devices is essential to fully understand their static and dynamic magnetic properties. Phase contrast techniques in the transmission electron microscope(TEM), such as electron holography and electron ptychography, can be used to record two-dimensional(2D) projections of the in-plane magnetic induction of 3D nanoscale objects. Although the 3D magnetic induction can in principle be reconstructed from one or more tilt series of such 2D projections, conventional tomographic reconstruction algorithms do not recover the 3D magnetization within a sample directly. Here, we use simulations to describe the basis of an improved model-based algorithm for the tomographic reconstruction of a 3D magnetization distribution from one or more tilt series of electron optical phase images recorded in the TEM. The algorithm allows a wide range of physical constraints, including a priori information about the sample geometry and magnetic parameters, to be specified. It also makes use of minimization of the micromagnetic energy in the loss function. We demonstrate the reconstruction of the 3D magnetization of a localized magnetic soliton — a hopfion ring — and discuss the influence of noise, choice of magnetic constants, maximum tilt angle and number of tilt axes on the result. The algorithm can in principle be adapted for other magnetic contrast imaging techniques in the TEM, as well as for other magnetic characterization techniques, such as those based on X-rays or neutrons.

关键词： three-dimensional magnetization vector field tomography differentiable programming electron holography micromagnetism

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An easy,convenient statistical method to analyze bark beetle populations

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林业研究:英文版 2023年第6期34卷 2027-2040页

作者： Andrzej borkowski Department of Environmental Biology Institute of BiologyJan Kochanowski UniversityUniwersytecka 7 Str25-406 KielcePoland

A non-invasive method to estimate the number of Trypodendron lineatum holes on dead standing pines(Pinus sylvestris L.)was developed using linear and nonlinear estimations.A clas sical linear regres sion model was first used to analyze the relationship between the number of holes caused by *** on selected stem units and the total number of holes on an entire dead stem of ***,to obtain a better fit of the regression function to the data for the stem unit selected in the first step,piecewise linear regression(PLR)was ***,in an area used to evaluate wood decomposition(method validation),the total and mean numbers of *** holes were estimated for single dead trees and for a sample(n=8 dead trees).Data were collected in 2009(data set D1),in 2010-2014(data set D2)and in 2020(data set D3)in forests containing *** located within Suchedniow-Oblegorek Landscape Park,Poland.A model was constructed with three linear *** evaluation of model accuracy showed that it was highly effective regardless of the density of *** holes and sample *** method enables the evaluation of the biological role of this species in the decomposition of dead standing wood of *** in strictly protected areas.

关键词： Trypodendron lineatum Pinus sylvestris Population Wood decomposition Forest management Piecewise linear regression

Linear-regioselective hydromethoxycarbonylation of styrene using Ru-clusters/CeO2 catalyst

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Chinese Journal of Catalysis 2020年第6期41卷 963-969页

作者： Jinghua An Yehong Wang Zhixin Zhang Jian Zhang Martin Gocyla Rafal EDunin-borkowski Feng Wang State Key Laboratory of Catalysis Dalian National Laboratory for Clean EnergyDalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesDalian 116023LiaoningChina University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Ernst Ruska Centre for Microscopy and Spectroscopy with Electrons and Peter Grünberg Institute Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbHJuelich 52425Germany

Hydroalkoxycarbonylation of olefins has been considered to be one of the most attractive methods to synthesize esters. Controlling the regioselectivities of linear esters(L) and branched esters(B) is a challenging project for researchers working in this reaction. Although most of the attention has been paid to control the regioselectivity through ligand design in homogeneous catalytic systems, study in the area is still limited. Herein, Ru-clusters/CeO2 is employed as a heterogeneous catalyst for the hydromethoxycarbonylation of styrene without any additives. After optimization of the reaction conditions, the conversion of styrene is > 99% with 83% and 12% regioselectivity of linear and branched ester, respectively. By using different supports(CeO2(nanoparticle), CeO2-rod, and CeO2-cube), three catalysts including Ru-clusters/CeO2, Ru/CeO2-rod, and Ru/CeO2-cube are prepared and applied in the reaction. Structural characterizations demonstrate that the L/B ratio is related to the Ru size of supported Ru catalysts. Further Raman characterization and NH3-TPD demonstrate that the metal-support interaction and the concentration of oxygen vacancy of the catalyst have a great influence on the Ru size. The mechanism and kinetic analysis for this reaction are also investigated in this work.

关键词： Regioselectivity Ru-clusters/CeO2 Ester Hydromethoxycarbonylation Olefins Heterogeneous catalysis

Monitoring nonlinear and fast deformation caused byunderground mining exploitation using multi-temporal Sentinel-1 radar interferometry and corner reflectors: application,validation and processing obstacles

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2023年第1期16卷 251-271页

作者： Kamila Pawłuszek-Filipiak Natalia Wielgocka Damian Tondaś Andrzej borkowski Institute of Geodesy and Geoinformatics Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life SciencesWroclawPoland

In this study,Differential Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry(DInSAR)of artificial Corner Reflectors(CRs)were validated in the area of fast and nonlinear deformation gradient caused by active coal longwall *** Sentinel-1 datasets were processed using conventional DInSAR,Persistent Scatterer Interferometry(PSI),and Small BAseline Subset methods implemented in ENVI SARscape™.For evaluation,leveling and Global Navigation Satellite System(GNSS)measurements were *** the challenge of snow cover,the removal of all winter images was not a successful strategy due to the long temporal baseline and strong movement,which cause phase unwrapping problems and underestimate the real *** results indicate that only conventional DInSAR and SBAS with low network redundancy allow us to capture maximal deformation gradient and the root mean square error calculated between the CRs and the ground truth is on the level of 2–3 cm for the vertical and easting deformation component,*** the small deformation gradient represented by the permanent GNSS station(4 cm/year),all SBAS techniques appeared to be more accurate than DInSAR,which corresponds to higher redundancy and better removal of the atmospheric *** contrast,DInSAR results allowed to capture information about two subsidence basins,which was not possible with SBAS and PSI approaches.

关键词： DInSAR PSI SBAS corner reflectors mining deformations nonlinear and significantdeformation phase unwrapping errors

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高清视频编解码器实现远程呈现

电子产品世界 2007年第3期14卷 66-66,68页

作者： Todd borkowski ADI公司

本文介绍了远程呈现技术以及Blackfin处理器在远程呈现解决方案中的应用。

关键词：远程呈现高清视频 Blackfin处理器

Transcriptome changes in stages of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

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World Journal of Hepatology 2022年第7期14卷 1382-1397页

作者： Jihad Aljabban Michael Rohr Saad Syed Kamal Khorfan Vincent borkowski Hisham Aljabban Michael Segal Mohamed Mukhtar Mohammed Mohammed Maryam Panahiazar Dexter Hadley Ryan Spengler Erin Spengler Department of Medicine University of Wisconsin Hospital and ClinicsMadisonWI 53792United States Department of Medicine University of Central Florida College of MedicineOrlandoFL 32827United States Department of Medicine Northwestern Memorial HospitalChicagoIL 60611United States Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University of California San Francisco-FresnoFresnoCA 93701United States Department of Medicine Barry UniversityMiamiFL 33161United States Department of Medicine Michigan State University College of Human MedicineEast LansingMI 49503United States Department of Medicine Windsor University School of MedicineSaint Kitts 1621CayonSaint Kitts and Nevis Department of Surgery University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCA 94305United States Department of Artificial Intelligence PathologyUniversity of Central Florida College of MedicineOrlandoFL 32827United States Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University of Wisconsin Hospital and ClinicsMadisonWI 53792United States

BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is the most common chronic liver disease in the United States and *** currently understood model of pathogenesis consists of a‘multiple hit’hypothesis in which environmental and genetic factors contribute to hepatic inflammation and *** To examine the genetic expression of NAFLD and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH)tissue samples to identify common pathways that contribute to NAFLD and NASH *** We employed the Search Tag Analyze Resource for Gene Expression Omnibus platform to search the The National Center for Biotechnology Information Gene Expression Omnibus to elucidate NAFLD and NASH *** NAFLD,we conducted meta-analysis of data from 58 NAFLD liver biopsies and 60 healthy liver biopsies;for NASH,we analyzed 187 NASH liver biopsies and 154 healthy liver *** Our results from the NAFLD analysis reinforce the role of altered metabolism,inflammation,and cell survival in pathogenesis and support recently described contributors to disease activity,such as altered androgen and long non-coding RNA *** top upstream regulator was found to be sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1(SREBF1),a transcription factor involved in lipid *** of SREBF1,we observed upregulation in CXCL10,HMGCR,HMGCS1,fatty acid binding protein 5,paternally expressed imprinted gene 10,and downregulation of sex hormone-binding globulin and insulin-like growth factor *** molecular changes reflect low-grade inflammation secondary to accumulation of fatty acids in the *** results from the NASH analysis emphasized the role of cholesterol in *** canonical pathways,disease networks,and disease functions were related to cholesterol synthesis,lipid metabolism,adipogenesis,and metabolic *** upstream regulators included proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor and IL1B,PDGF BB,and *** of beta-estradiol

关键词： Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis Bioinformatics AKT inhibitor Therapy

Dissecting novel mechanisms of hepatitis B virus related hepatocellular carcinoma using meta-analysis of public data

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2022年第9期14卷 1856-1873页

作者： Jihad Aljabban Michael Rohr Saad Syed Eli Cohen Naima Hashi Sharjeel Syed Kamal Khorfan Hisham Aljabban Vincent borkowski Michael Segal Mohamed Mukhtar Mohammed Mohammed Emmanuel Boateng Mary Nemer Maryam Panahiazar Dexter Hadley Sajid Jalil Khalid Mumtaz Department of Medicine University of Wisconsin Hospital and ClinicsMadisonWI 53792United States Department of Medicine University of Central Florida College of MedicineOrlandoFL 32827United States Department of Medicine Northwestern Memorial HospitalChicagoIL 60611United States Department of Medicine Vanderbilt Medical CenterNashvilleTN 37232United States Department of Medicine Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 55905United States Department of Medicine University of Chicago HospitalsChicagoIL 60637United States Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University of California San Francisco-FresnoFresnoCA 93701United States Department of Medicine Barry UniversityMiamiFL 33161United States Department of Medicine Michigan State University College of Human MedicineLansingMI 49503United States Department of Medicine Windsor University School of MedicineFrankfortIL 60423United States Department of Surgery University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCA 94143United States Department of Pathology University of Central Florida College of MedicineOrlandoFL 32827United States Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Ohio State University Wexner Medical CenterColumbusOH 43210United States

BACKGROUND Hepatitis B virus(HBV) is a cause of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC). Interestingly, this process is not necessarily mediated through cirrhosis and may in fact involve oncogenic processes. Prior studies have suggested specific oncogenic gene expression pathways were affected by viral regulatory proteins. Thus, identifying these genes and associated pathways could highlight predictive factors for HCC transformation and has implications in early diagnosis and *** To elucidate HBV oncogenesis in HCC and identify potential therapeutic *** We employed our Search, Tag, Analyze, Resource platform to conduct a meta-analysis of public data from National Center for Biotechnology Information’s Gene Expression Omnibus. We performed meta-analysis consisting of 155 tumor samples compared against 185 adjacent nontumor samples and analyzed results with ingenuity pathway *** Our analysis revealed liver X receptors/retinoid X receptor(RXR) activation and farnesoid X receptor/RXR activation as top canonical pathways amongst others. Top upstream regulators identified included the Ras family gene rab-like protein 6(RABL6). The role of RABL6 in oncogenesis is beginning to unfold but its specific role in HBV-related HCC remains undefined. Our causal analysis suggests RABL6 mediates pathogenesis of HBV-related HCC through promotion of genes related to cell division, epigenetic regulation, and Akt signaling. We conducted survival analysis that demonstrated increased mortality with higher RABL6 expression. Additionally, homeobox A10(HOXA10) was a top upstream regulator and was strongly upregulated in our analysis. HOXA10 has recently been demonstrated to contribute to HCC pathogenesis in vitro. Our causal analysis suggests an in vivo role through downregulation of tumor suppressors and other *** This meta-analysis describes possible roles of RABL6 and HOXA10 in the pathogenesis of HBV-related HCC. RABL6 and HOXA10 represent potent

关键词： Hepatitis B virus Hepatocellular carcinoma Genomics Meta-analysis

复杂合金相T⁃Al⁃Mn⁃Pd中位错交互作用及其特殊构型的电子显微学研究

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电子显微学报 2023年第6期42卷 782-790页

作者：杨鲁岩陈晨 HEGGEN M FEUERBACHER M DUNIN-borkowski R E 韩晓东北京工业大学材料与制造学部北京100124 于利希研究中心Ernst Ruska电镜中心德国于利希52428

复杂合金相中新型位错(metadislocation)的发现为理解大晶格参数复杂合金材料的塑性变形行为提供了重要基础。本文概述了复杂合金相T⁃Al⁃Mn⁃Pd高温变形显微结构中此类位错交互作用及其特殊构型的最新进展,并针对不同缺陷构型与变形机制... 详细信息

复杂合金相中新型位错(metadislocation)的发现为理解大晶格参数复杂合金材料的塑性变形行为提供了重要基础。本文概述了复杂合金相T⁃Al⁃Mn⁃Pd高温变形显微结构中此类位错交互作用及其特殊构型的最新进展,并针对不同缺陷构型与变形机制的关联进行了综合讨论。原子尺度透射电镜表征发现复杂合金相中具有相反方向伯氏矢量的近邻位错会通过两条共用的相子链连接产生交互作用,从而构成一种特殊的位错偶。同时,变形结构中也观察到反相子及其变体缺陷,基于相关最新进展及反相子缺陷构建了复杂合金相位错形成的拼砌模型,提出一种基于反相子变体结构的位错偶形成机制。

关键词：复杂合金相位错缺陷交互作用电子显微学

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不同烟火点火药的能量输出和燃烧诊断法

火工情报 2003年第2期 138-148页

作者： Y．borkowski S.Cheskis IsraelMilitaryIndustriesLtd.（IMI） RocketSystemsDivisionP.O.Box1044／66RamatHasharon47100Israel SchoolofChemistry TelAvivUniversityRamatAviv69978Israel

用特殊设计的试验箱分析了不同点火药的能量输出和燃烧过程，在这个试验箱中可以进行瞬时热传导、总压力和光辐射光谱的同步检测和时间分辨检测。在沿窄圆柱型炮膛、离点火药不同距离处放置有三个快速响应“腐蚀”(eroding)热电偶，通... 详细信息

用特殊设计的试验箱分析了不同点火药的能量输出和燃烧过程，在这个试验箱中可以进行瞬时热传导、总压力和光辐射光谱的同步检测和时间分辨检测。在沿窄圆柱型炮膛、离点火药不同距离处放置有三个快速响应“腐蚀”(eroding)热电偶，通过对局部炮膛的时间分辨检测可以计算局部热传导速率和炮膛壁热流。这些检测通过用微型纤维光学光谱仪对压力以及光谱的测量得到补充。本文将对有关B／KNO3和TiH1.65／KClO4点火药的起爆和燃烧结果进行介绍。

关键词：点火药能量输出燃烧诊断法时间分辨检测热传导速率炮膛壁热流