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Comparison of the local pivotal method and systematic sampling for national forest inventories

Forest Ecosystems 2020年第4期7卷 716-732页

作者： minna Räty mikko Kuronen mari myllymäki Annika Kangas Kai mäkisara Juha Heikkinen Natural Resources Institute Finland(Luke) PO Box 2FI-00791 HelsinkiFinland. Natural Resources Institute Finland(Luke) Yliopistokatu 6FI-80100 JoensuuFinland

Background:The local pivotal method(LPm)utilizing auxiliary data in sample selection has recently been proposed as a sampling method for national forest inventories(NFIs).Its performance compared to simple random sampling(SRS)and LPm with geographical coordinates has produced promising results in simulation *** this simulation study we compared all these sampling methods to systematic *** LPm samples were selected solely using the coordinates(LPmxy)or,in addition to that,auxiliary remote sensing-based forest variables(RS variables).We utilized field measurement data(NFI-field)and multi-Source NFI(mS-NFI)maps as target data,and independent mS-NFI maps as auxiliary *** designs were compared using relative efficiency(RE);a ratio of mean squared errors of the reference sampling design against the studied *** a.method in NFI also requires a proven estimator for the ***,three different variance estimators were evaluated against the empirical variance of replications:1)an estimator corresponding to SRS;2)a Grafström-Schelin estimator repurposed for LPm;and 3)a.matérn estimator applied in the Finnish NFI for systematic sampling ***:The LPmxy was nearly comparable with the systematic design for the most target *** REs of the LPm designs utilizing auxiliary data compared to the systematic design varied between 0.74–1.18,according to the studied target *** SRS estimator for variance was expectedly the most biased and conservative ***,the Grafström-Schelin estimator gave overestimates in the case of *** the RS variables were utilized as auxiliary data,the Grafström-Schelin estimates tended to underestimate the empirical *** systematic sampling the matérn and Grafström-Schelin estimators performed for practical purposes ***:LPm optimized for a specific variable tended to be more efficient than systematic sampling,but all of the considered LPm designs were

关键词： Auxiliary data Bias Local pivotal method matérn estimator National forest inventory Sampling efficiency Simple random sampling Spatially balanced sampling Systematic sampling Variance

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Small java how to program 6th ed.

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丛书名：国外计算机科学教材系

2005年

作者： Deitel Harvey m.

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Computational Prediction of micro RNAs from Toxopla.ma gondii Potentially Regulating the Hosts' Gene Expression

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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2014年第5期12卷 228-238页

作者： müs?erref Duygu Saar Caner Bagc? Jens Allmer molecular Biology and Genetics Izmir Institute of Technology Urla Izmir 35430 Turkey Biotechnology Izmir Institute of Technology Urla Izmir 35430 Turkey Bionia Incorporated IZTEKGEB A8 Urla Izmir 35430 Turkey

microRNAs （miRNAs） were discovered two decades ago, yet there is still a great need for further studies elucidating their genesis and targeting in different phyla. Since experimental discovery and validation of miRNAs is difficult, computational predictions are indispensable and today most computational approaches employ machine learning. Toxopla.ma gondii, a parasite residing within the cells of its hosts like human, uses miRNAs for its post-transcriptional gene reg- ulation. It may also regulate its hosts＇ gene expression, which has been shown in brain cancer. Since previous studies have shown that overexpressed miRNAs within the host are causal for disease onset, we hypothesized that T. gondii could export miRNAs into its host cell. We computationally predicted all hairpins from the genome of T. gondii and used mouse and human models to filter possible candidates. These were then further compared to known miRNAs in human and rodents and their expression was examined for T. gondii grown in mouse and human hosts, respectively. We found that among the millions of potential hairpins in T. gondii, only a few thousand pass filtering using a human or mouse model and that even fewer of those are expressed. Since they are expressed and differentially expressed in rodents and human, we suggest that there is a chance that T. gondii may export miRNAs into its hosts for direct regulation.

关键词： Toxopla.ma gondii microRNA Regulation Host interaction Parasite

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外科减肥手术后高血压缓解和复发的预测因素

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中华高血压杂志 2016年第9期24卷 898-898页

作者： Benaiges D Sagué m Flores-Le Roux ja Pedro-Botet J Ramón Jm Villatoro m Chillarón JJ Pera.m más A Grande L Goday A 陈云

目前，只有很少量研究涉及外科减肥手术后高血压得到缓解和复发的影响因素，没有可用于预测高血压复发相关因素的信息。该研究的目的是评估在外科减肥手术后第1年和第3年里高血压的缓解情况和复发率，并寻找可能的预测因素。

关键词：复发相关因素术后高血压预测因素外科减肥缓解影响因素复发率手术后

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利用碳纤维毡制备结构吸波材料的研究

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复合材料学报 2000年第1期17卷 28-31页

作者：黄远李家俊马铁军王玉林师春生天津大学材料学院天津300072

将经过表面处理的碳纤维毡和环氧树脂复合 ,加入碳黑、金属粉末、铁氧体等填料制备出一种新型结构吸波材料。该材料面密度小于 5 .2 kg/m2 。在 8～ 18GHz波段最大反射衰减为 - 13.37d B,反射率小于 - 10 d B的频率带宽接近于雷达工作... 详细信息

将经过表面处理的碳纤维毡和环氧树脂复合 ,加入碳黑、金属粉末、铁氧体等填料制备出一种新型结构吸波材料。该材料面密度小于 5 .2 kg/m2 。在 8～ 18GHz波段最大反射衰减为 - 13.37d B,反射率小于 - 10 d B的频率带宽接近于雷达工作的全频带 ,达到了实用水平。

关键词：结构吸波材料碳纤维毡金属颗粒瑞利散射

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Prioritizing real estate enterprises based on credit risk assessment:an integrated multi‑criteria group decision support framework

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Financial Innovation 2023年第1期9卷 2939-2991页

作者： Zhen‑Song Chen Jia Zhou Chen‑Ye Zhu Zhu‑Jun Wang Sheng‑Hua Xiong Rosa.m.Rodríguez Luis martínez mirosław J.Skibniewski School of Civil Engineering Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China College of Civil Aviation Safety Engineering Civil Aviation Flight University of ChinaGuanghan 618307China School of management Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049China Department of Computer Science University of Jaén23071 JaénSpain Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of MarylandCollege ParkMD 20742‑3021USA Institute for Theoretical and Applied Informatics Polish Academy of SciencesGliwicePoland Chaoyang University of Technology TaizhongTaiwan

Credit risk assessment involves conducting a fair review and evaluation of an assessed subject’s solvency and *** the context of real estate enterprises,credit risk assessment provides a basis for banks and other financial institutions to choose suitable investment ***,it encourages real estate enterprises to abide by market norms and provide reliable information for the standardized management of the real estate ***,Chinese real estate companies are hesitant to disclose their actual operating data due to privacy concerns,making subjective evalu-ation approaches inevitable,occupying important roles in accomplishing Chinese real estate enterprise credit risk assessment *** improve the normative and reliability of credit risk assessment for Chinese real estate enterprises,this study proposes an integrated multi-criteria group decision-making ***,a credit risk assessment index for Chinese real estate enterprises is ***,the proposed framework combines proportional hesitant fuzzy linguistic term sets and preference ranking organization method for enrichment evaluation II *** approach is suitable for processing large amounts of data with high uncertainty,which is often the case in credit risk assessment tasks of Chinese real estate enterprises involving massive subjec-tive evaluation ***,the proposed model is validated through a case study accompanied by sensitivity and comparative analyses to verify its rationality and *** study contributes to the research on credit assessment for Chinese real estate enterprises and provides a revised paradigm for real estate enterprise credit risk assessment.

关键词： Real estate enterprise Credit risk assessment PROmETHEE II Best–worst method Proportional hesitant fuzzy linguistic term sets

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How does high-intensity intermittent training affect recreational endurance runners? Acute and chronic adaptations: A systematic review

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2017年第1期6卷 54-67页

作者： Felipe García-Pinillos Víctor m.Soto-Hermoso Pedro A.Latorre-Román Department of Corporal Expression University of Jaen Department of Sports Sciences University of Granada

Objective: This systematic review a.med to critically analyze the literature to determine how high-intensity intermittent training(HIIT) affects recreational endurance runners in the short-and ***: Electronic databases were searched for literature dating from january 2000 to October 2015. The search was conducted using the key words "high-intensity intermittent training" or "high-intensity interval exercise" or "interval running" or "sprint interval training" and "endurance runners" or "long distance runners". A systematic approach was used to evaluate the 783 articles identified for initial review. Studies were included if they investigated HIIT in recreational endurance runners. The methodological quality of the studies was evaluated using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database(PEDro) scale(for intervention studies) and the modified Downs and Black Quality Index(for cross-sectional studies).Results: Twenty-three studies met the inclusionary criteria for review. The results are presented in 2 parts: cross-sectional(n = 15) and intervention studies(n = 8). In the 15 cross-sectional studies selected, endurance runners performed at least 1 HIIT protocol, and the acute impact on physiological, neuromuscular, metabolic and/or biomechanical variables was assessed. Intervention studies lasted a.minimum of 4 weeks, with 10 weeks being the longest intervention period, and included 2 to 4 HIIT sessions per week. most of these studies combined HIIT sessions with continuous run(CR) sessions; 2 studies' subjects performed HIIT ***: HIIT-based running plans(2 to 3 HIIT sessions per week, combining HIIT and CR runs) show athletic performance improvements in endurance runners by improving maximal oxygen uptake and running economy along with muscular and metabolic adaptations. To maximize the adaptations to training, both HIIT and CR must be part of training programs for endurance runners.

关键词： Endurance High-intensity training Intermittent exercises Interval running Long-distance runners Running

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Insights into the role of ja.monic acid-mediated defenses against necrotrophic and biotrophic fungal pathogens

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Frontiers in Biology 2012年第1期7卷 48-56页

作者： Christopher J. ANTICO Chad COLON Taylor BANKS Katrina.m. RAmONELL Department of Biological Sciences University of Alabama Tuscaloosa AL 35487 USA

Ja.monic acid （ja） is a natural hormone regulator involved in development, responses against woundingand pathogen attack. Upon perception of pathogens, ja is synthesized and mediates a signaling cascade initiating various defense responses. Traditionally, necrotrophic fungi have been shown to be the primary activators of ja- dependent defenses through the ja-receptor, COIl. Conversely, plants infected with biotrophic fungi have classically been associated with suppressing Ja.mediated responses. However, recent evidence has shown that certain biotrophic fungal species also trigger activation of Ja.mediated responses and mutants deficient in ja signaling show an increase in susceptibility to certain biotrophic fungal pathogens. These findings suggest a new role for ja in defense against fungal biotrophs. This review will focus on recent research advancing our knowledge of ja-dependant responses involved in defense against both biotrophic and necrotrophic fungi.

关键词： ja.monic acid (ja) methyl ja.monate (meja) biotrophic fungi necrotrophic fungi COIl

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Diagnosing, planning and evaluating osteochondral ankle defects with imaging modalities

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2015年第11期6卷 944-953页

作者： Christiaan ja van Bergen Rogier m Gerards Kim Tm Opdam maaike P Terra Gino mmJ Kerkhoffs Department of Orthopedic Surgery Academic Medical Center Department of Radiology Academic Medical Center

This current concepts review outlines the role of diffe-rent imaging modalities in the diagnosis, preoperative planning, and follow-up of osteochondral ankle defects. An osteochondral ankle defect involves the articular cartilage and subchondral bone(usually of the talus) and is mostly caused by an ankle supination tra.ma. Conventional radiographs are useful as an initial imaging tool in the diagnostic process, but have only moderate sensitivity for the detection of osteochondral defects. Computed tomography(CT) and magnetic resonance imaging(mRI) are more accurate imaging modalities. Recently, ultrasonography and single photon emission CT have been described for the evaluation of osteochondral talar defects. CT is the most valuable modality for assessing the exact location and size of bony lesions. Cartilage and subchondral bone damage can be visualized using mRI, but the defect size tends to be overestimated due to bone edema. CT with the ankle in full plantar flexion has been shown a reliable tool for preoperative planning of the surgical approach. Postoperative imaging is useful for objective assessment of repair tissue or degenerative changes of the ankle joint. Plain radiography, CT and mRI have been used in outcome studies, and different scoring systems are available.

关键词： Cartilage Subchondral bone Imaging Ankle Talus Radiography Computed tomography magnetic resonance imaging Outcome assessment

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Repression of the Auxin Response Pathway Increases Arabidopsis Susceptibility to Necrotrophic Fungi

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molecular Plant 2008年第3期1卷 496-509页

作者： Francisco Llorente Paul m usksktt Andrea Sanchez-Vallet Gemma Lopez Brisa Ramos Clara Sanchez-Rodriguez Lucia Jorda jane Parker Antonio molina Centro de Biotecnologia y Genbmica de Plantas (CBGP) Departamento de Biotecnologia-UPM ETS Ingenieros Agrbnomos Avda Complutense E-28040Madrid Spain Department of Plant-microbe Interactions Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research Carl-von-Linne Weg 10 50829 Cologne Germany

In plants, resistance to necrotrophic pathogens depends on the interplay between different hormone systems, such as those regulated by salicylic acid （SA）, ja.monic acid （ja）, ethylene, and abscisic acid. Repression of auxin signaling by the SA pathway was recently shown to contribute to antibacterial resistance. Here, we demonstrate that Arabidopsis auxin signaling mutants axrl, axr2, and axr6 that have defects in the auxin-stimulated SCF （Skpl-Cullin- F-box） ubiquitination pathway exhibit increased susceptibility to the necrotrophic fungi Plectosphaerella cucumerina and Botrytis cinerea. Also, stabilization of the auxin transcriptional repressor AXR3 that is normally targeted for removal by the SCF-ubiquitin/proteasome machinery occurs upon P. cucumerina infection. Pha.macological inhibition of auxin transport or proteasome function each compromise necrotroph resistance of wild-type plants to a similar extent as in non-treated auxin response mutants. These results suggest that auxin signaling is important for resistance to the necrotro- phic fungi P. cucumerina and B. cinerea. SGTlb （one of two Arabidopsis SGT1 genes encoding HSP90/HSC70 co-chaperones） promotes the functions of SCF E3-ubiquitin ligase complexes in auxin and ja responses and resistance conditioned by certain Resistance （R） genes to biotrophic pathogens. We find that sgtlb mutants are as resistant to P. cucumerina as wild-type plants. Conversely, auxin/SCF signaling mutants are uncompromised in RPP4-triggered resistance to the obligate biotrophic oomycete, Hyaloperonospora parasitica. Thus, the predominant action of SGTlb in R gene-conditioned resis- tance to oomycetes appears to be at a site other than assisting SCF E3-ubiquitin ligases. However, genetic additivity of sgtlb axrl double mutants in susceptibility to H. parasitica suggests that SCF-mediated ubiquitination contributes to lim- iting biotrophic pathogen colonization once plant-pathogen compatibility is established.

关键词： plant defense innate immunity necrotrophic fungi auxin signaling proteasome.

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