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Potential of organic waste to energy and bio-fertilizer production in Sub-Saharan Africa:a review

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Waste Disposal and Sustainable Energy 2023年第3期5卷 259-267页

作者： isaac Rubagumya Allan John Komakech isa kabenge Nicholas Kiggundu Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering Makerere UniversityP.O.Box 7062KampalaUganda

Many growing cities of Sub-Saharan Africa(SSA)are marred by the inefficient collection,management,disposal and reuse of organic waste.The purpose of this study was to review and compare the energy recovery potential as well as bio-fertilizer perspective,from the organic waste volumes generated in SSA countries.Based on computations made with a literature review,we find that the amount of organic wastes varies across countries translating to differences in the energy and bio-fertilizer production potentials across countries.Organic wastes generated in SSA can potentially generate about 133 million GWh of energy per year.The organic waste to bio-fertilizer production potentials range from 11.08 million tons to 306.26 million tons annually.Ghana has the highest energy and bio-fertilizer potential among the SSA countries with a total per capita of 630 MWh/year and 306.26 million tons,respectively.The challenges and technical considerations for energy and bio-fertilizer approaches in the management of organic waste in SSA have also been discussed.This study is of help to the readers and strategic decision makers in understanding the contribution of bioenergy and bio-fertilizer to achieving sustainable development goals,namely,7(Affordable and Clean Energy)and 13(Climate Action)in SSA.

关键词： Sub-Saharan Africa Organic waste Energy production Bio-fertilizer production Challenges

From occupants to occupants:A review of the occupant information understanding for building HVAC occupant-centric control

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Building Simulation 2022年第6期15卷 913-932页

作者： Tao Yang Arkasama bandyopadhyay Zheng O’Neill Jin Wen Bing Dong mike walker’66 department of mechanical engineering texas a&m universitycollege stationtx77843usa department of civil architectural&environmental engineeringdrexel universityphiladelphiapa19104usa department of mechanical and aerospace engineering syracuse universitysyracuseny13244usa

Occupants are the core of the built environment.Traditional heating,ventilation,and air-conditioning(HVAC)systems operate with predefined schedules and maximum occupancy assumptions with no consideration of specific occupant information.These generalized assumptions usually do not align with the actual demand and result in over-conditioning and occupant discomfort.In recent years,with the aid of Information&Communication Technology(ICT)and Computer Science(CS),it is possible to acquire real-time and accurate occupant information to satisfy the exact thermal requirement through specific HVAC control in one particular built environment.This mechanism is called HVAC“Occupant-centric Control(OCC).”HVAC OCC strategy starts with collecting the occupant’s information(e.g.,presence/absence)and then applies it to meet the occupant’s requirement(e.g.,thermal comfort).However,even though some research studies and field pilot demonstrations have been devoted to the field of OCC,there is a lack of systematic knowledge about occupant data,which is the principal component of OCC for HVAC researchers and practitioners.To fill this gap,this review paper discusses OCC with a particular emphasis on occupant information and investigates how this information can assist HVAC operation in providing an acceptable built environment in required spaces during the required time.We provide a fine-grained,comprehensive picture of occupant information,discuss its features,the modalities of information feed-in into the HVAC control,and the application of commonly utilized occupant information for OCC.

关键词： occupant information occupant-centric control smart building HVAC energy efficiency

Awareness as the Most Effective Measure to Mitigate the Spread of COVID-19 in Nigeria

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2020年第12期65卷 1945-1957页

作者： isa Abdullahi Baba Dumitru Baleanu Department of Mathematical Sciences Bayero UniversityKanoNigeria Department of Mathematics Cankaya UniversityAnkaraTurkey Institute of Space Sciences BucharestRomania

A mathematical model consisting of a system of four nonlinear ordinary differential equations is constructed.Our aim is to study the dynamics of the spread of COVID-19 in Nigeria and to show the effectiveness of awareness and the need for relevant authorities to engage themselves more in enlightening people on the significance of the available control measures in mitigating the spread of the disease.Two equilibrium solutions;Disease free equilibrium and Endemic equilibrium solutions were calculated and their global stability analysis was carried out.Basic reproduction ratio(R0)was also obtained,in this research𝑅𝑅0=3.0784.Data obtained for Nigeria is used to conduct numerical simulations in order to support the analytic result and to show the significance of awareness in controlling the disease spread.From the simulation result,it was shown that to mitigate the spread of COVID-19 in Nigeria there is need for serious awareness programs to enlighten people on the available control measures;social distancing,self-isolation,use of personal protective equipment(such as face mask,hand globes,overall gown,etc.),regular hand washing using soap or sanitizer,avoiding having contact with person showing the symptoms and reporting any suspected case.

关键词： COVID-19 model equilibrium solution basic reproduction ratio stability analysis numerical simulation Nigeria

Dependence of fluid flow on cleat aperture distribution and aperture–length scaling: a case study from Gondwana coal seams of Raniganj Formation, Eastern India

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International Journal of Coal Science & Technology 2020年第1期7卷 133-146页

作者： Krishanu bandyopadhyay Jyotirmoy Mallik Trishit Ghosh Indian Institute of Science Education and Research BhopalIndia Coal India Limited.Asansol.India

Dimensions and mutual relationships amongst fracture(cleat)parameters such as maximum aperture width,average aperture width,length,spacing etc.control the connectivity within a fracture network and the fluid flow in a coal seam as the matrix permeability,here,is negligible.In this paper,we document cleat size distributions and investigate length–aperture relationships from coals of Raniganj coalfield in Eastern India.This coalfield has a proven extractable reserve of six billion tons of coal and holds immense potential to be one of the largest coal bed methane fields serving India’s growing energy needs.Here,cleat length(L)correlates with corresponding maximum aperture width(Dmax)in a power-law function with an exponent of 0.84(DmaxαL0.84)instead of the commonly observed exponents of 1 or 0.5 applicable for other natural‘opening-mode’fractures.The conventional wisdom pertains that laminar fluid flow(Q)through an isolated,smooth-walled,parallel-plate fracture,embedded in an impermeable matrix,is directly proportional to the cube of its aperture width(b,equivalent to Davg;cubic law:Qαb3).This assumes a linear relationship between length and fracture aperture.However,the modified relationship between cleat length and average aperture width changes the cubic law applicable for Raniganj coal seam and now fluid flow correlates with aperture width in a power-law function with an exponent of 4.25(Qαb4.25)instead of 3(cube).Such simplifications will come handy for the modeling and estimation of fluid flow as it will reduce the effort of cleat length measurement which is anyway difficult and can be misleading due to the risk of undersampling.

关键词： CBM Cleat Coal Permeability Raniganj

Vitamin C and E supplementation and high intensity interval training induced changes in lipid profile and haematological variables of young males

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Sports Medicine and Health Science 2023年第2期5卷 137-145页

作者： Surojit Sarkar Swapan Kr Dey Gouriprosad Datta Amit bandyopadhyay Department of Physiology Rammohan College1021Raja Ram Mohan SaraniBaithakkhanaKolkata700009West BengalIndia Department of Sports Science University of CalcuttaUniversity Colleges of Science and Technology92A.P.C.RoadKolkata700009West BengalIndia Sports and Exercise Physiology Laboratory Department of PhysiologyUniversity of CalcuttaUniversity Colleges of Science and Technology92A.P.C.RoadKolkata700009West BengalIndia

High intensity interval training(HIIT)causes oxidative stress and haematological alteration.Present study was aimed to evaluate the effect of 8 weeks’supplementation of vitamin C and E on HIIT induced changes in lipid profile parameters and haematological variables.Hundred six male adolescent players were randomly assigned into five age-matched groups,i.e.,Control(no exercise+placebo),HIIT(placebo),HIIT+vitamin-C(1000mg/day),HIIT+vitamin-E 400 IU/day)and combined HIIT+vitamin C and E.Morning and evening sessions(90min)of HIIT included 4 phases(15min each)with 3 sets(4min each).Each 4min HIIT set consisted of 2min intense sprint workout(90%–95%of heart rate maximum[HRmax])followed by 1min active recovery(60%–70%HRmax)followed by 1min of complete rest(1:1 work-rest ratio).Lipid profile parameters,haematological variables,endurance capacity and vertical jump were evaluated by standard protocols.Significant decrease in body weight,fat%,total cholesterol,triglyceride,Total Cholesterol/High Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol and significant increase in High Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol,maximal oxygen consumption,vertical jump were observed for all four intervention groups.White blood cell count,red blood cell count,haemoglobin percentage and haematocrit values were significantly decreased while platelet count and platelet-to-leukocyte ratio(PLR)ratio were increased significantly only for HIIT group.Blood level of tocopherol and ascorbic acid was significantly increased(values were within the normal range)in all the respective vitamin supplemented groups.Supplementation of vitamin C and E secures health protection with suppressed haemolysis and improved inflammatory blood variables with enhanced explosive leg strength and lipid profile parameters without any concomitant change in endurance capacity.

关键词： Sprint interval training Lipid profile Haematological indices Haemolysis Athletes

The role of geometrical features in the architecturalstructural interaction:Some case studies of the Iranian ancient architecture

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2019年第3期13卷 716-724页

作者： Maryam ZANDIYEHVAKILI isa HOjaT Mehdi MAHMUDI Faculty of Architecture and Urban Development Art University of IsfahanIsfahanIran Faculty of Architecture College of Fine ArtsUniversity of TehranTehranIran

This research aims to enhance the interaction between a structure and its architectural form.Having a qualitative approach,the present work discovers some successfully used geometrical features of the Iranian ancient architecture in terms of the architectural-structural interaction.We define four qualitative criteria for this assessment,i.e.,construction-ability,cost effectiveness,participation of the structure in fulfillment of the visual,and functional-semantic needs of the architectural form.For this purpose,two case studies including the jame Mosque of Isfahan and the Soltaniyeh building are investigated.The outcomes of this research help designers to not only design efficient structures by adapting non-load bearing elements with the general form of the structure,but also meet concepts such as the unity or perfectionism in the structure.

关键词： architectural-structural interaction geometrical features structure architectural form Iranian ancient architecture

An IoT-Based Aquaculture Monitoring System Using Firebase

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第8期76卷 2179-2200页

作者： Wen-Tsai Sung Indra Griha Tofik isa Sung-Jung Hsiao Department of Electrical Engineering National Chin-Yi University of TechnologyTaichung411030Taiwan Department of Informatics Management Politeknik Negeri SriwijayaPalembang30139Indonesia Department of Information Technology Takming University of Science and TechnologyTaipei City11451Taiwan

Indonesia is a producer in the fisheries sector,with production reaching 14.8 million tons in 2022.The production potential of the fisheries sector can be optimally optimized through aquaculture management.One of the most important issues in aquaculture management is how to efficiently control the fish pond water conditions.IoT technology can be applied to support a fish pond aquaculture monitoring system,especially for catfish species(Siluriformes),in real-time and remotely.One of the technologies that can provide this convenience is the IoT.The problem of this study is how to integrate IoT devices with Firebase’s cloud data system to provide reliable and precise data,which makes it easy for fish cultivators to monitor fishpond conditions in real time and remotely.The IoT aquaculture fishpond monitoring use 3 parameters:(1)water temperature;(2)pHwater level;and(3)turbidity level of pond water.IoT devices use temperature sensors,pH sensors,and turbidity sensors,which are integrated with a microcontroller and Wi-Fi module.Data from sensor readings are sent to the Firebase cloud via theWi-Fi module so that it can be accessed in real time by end users with an Androidbased mobile app.The findings are(1)the IoT-based aquaculture monitoring system device has a low error rate in measuring temprature,pH,and turbidity with a percentage of 1.75%,1.94% and 9.78%,respectively.Overall,the total average error of the three components is 4.49%;(2)in cost analysis,IoT-based has a cost-effectiveness of 94.21% compared to labor costs.An IoT-based aquaculture monitoring system using Firebase can be effectively used as a technology for monitoring fish pond conditions in real-time and remotely for fish cultivators that contribute to providing an IoT-based aquaculture monitoring system that produces valid data,is precise,is easy to implement,and is a low-cost system.

关键词： Internet of Things aquaculture technology water monitoring system real-time database aquaculture monitoring system

Multimodal chemo-/magneto-/phototaxis of 3G CNT-bots to power fuel cells

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2020年第1期6卷 1149-1160页

作者： Shirsendu Mitra Nirmal Roy Surjendu Maity Dipankar bandyopadhyay Department of Chemical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology GuwahatiGuwahatiAssam 781039India Centre for Nanotechnology Indian Institute of Technology GuwahatiGuwahatiAssam 781039India

We report the development of a 3G microswimmer,namely,CNT-bot,capable of undergoing acid-,alkali-,magneto-and phototaxis inside acidic or alkaline baths of peroxide fuel and/or water.The use of carboxyl-functionalised multi-walled carbon nanotubes(MWCNTs)facilitated the propulsion of CNT-bots in an alkaline-water solution by ejecting carbon-dioxide bubbles.Furthermore,doping of magnetite nanoparticles(FeONPs),ferrous ions(Fe^(2+))and titanium dioxide nanoparticles(TiONPs)induces magnetic,chemical and photonic modes of propulsion.While FeONPs stimulated magnetotaxis at a rate of up to~10 body lengths per second under the influence of a bar magnet,chemotaxis of a similar speed in a peroxide fuel was achieved by bubble-propulsion of oxygen gas originating from the Fenton reaction.In addition,the light-stimulated photo-Fenton reaction led to phototaxis of CNT-bots.A thin coating of magnesium imparted a half-faced janus appearance to the CNT-bots,which facilitated motion in normal or acidic water media through the ejection of hydrogen gas bubbles.This chemotaxis could be transformed into pH-stimulated directional motion by establishing an acid or alkali concentration gradient across the peroxide and/or water baths.The capacity of CNT-bots to produce oxygen(hydrogen)bubbles in peroxide(acidic water)fuel was exploited to power a PEM fuel cell to generate electricity.The pure oxygen and hydrogen gases generated by CNT-bots in separate chambers were fed directly into the fuel cell in which the incessant motions of the particle facilitated the creation and release of the pure gases to achieve on-demand electricity generation.The motor could also induce dye degradation through advanced oxidation owing to the production of intermediate hydroxyl radicals during the Fenton reaction.

关键词： alkali dioxide gases

NKT cell subsets as key participants in liver physiology and pathology

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2016年第3期13卷 337-346页

作者： Keya bandyopadhyay Idania Marrero Vipin Kumar Department of Medicine University of California San Diego La Jolla CA 92037 USA

Natural killer T （NKT） cells are innate-like lymphocytes that generally recognize lipid antigens and are enriched in microvascular compartments of the liver. NKT cells can be activated by self- or microbial-lipid antigens and by signaling through toll-like receptors. Following activation, NKT cells rapidly secrete pro-inflammatory or anti- inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, and thereby determine the milieu for subsequent immunity or tolerance. It is becoming clear that two different subsets of NKT cells-type I and type II--have different modes of antigen recognition and have opposing roles in inflammatory liver diseases. Here we focus mainly on the roles of both NKT cell subsets in the maintenance of immune tolerance and inflammatory diseases in liver. Furthermore, how the differential activation of type I and type II NKT cells influences other innate cells and adaptive immune cells to result in important consequences for tissue integrity is discussed. It is crucial that better reagents, including CDld tetramers, be used in clinical studies to define the roles of NKT cells in liver diseases in patients.

关键词： CDld lipids liver disease NKT cells