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Nitrogen cycling and environmental impacts in upland agricultural soils in North China： A review

Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2017年第12期16卷 2848-2862页

作者： ju xiao-tang ZHANG Chong College of Resources and En vironmen tal Sciences China Agricultural University Beijing 100193 P.R. China

The upland agricultural soils in North China are distributed north of a line between the Kunlun Mountains, the Qinling Mountains and the Huaihe River. They occur in arid, semi-arid and semi-humid regions and crop production often depends on rain-fed or irrigation to supplement rainfall. This paper summarizes the characteristics of gross nitrogen（N） transformation, the fate of N fertilizer and soil N as well as the N loss pathway, and makes suggestions for proper N management in the region. The soils of the region are characterized by strong N mineralization and nitrification, and weak immobilization and denitrification ability, which lead to the production and accumulation of nitrate in the soil profile. Large amounts of accumulated nitrate have been observed in the vadose-zone in soils due to excess N fertilization in the past three decades, and this nitrate is subject to occasional leaching which leads to groundwater nitrate contamination. Under farmer＇s conventional high N fertilization practice in the winter wheat-summer maize rotation system（N application rate was approximately 600 kg ha–1 yr–1）, crop N uptake, soil residual N, NH_3 volatilization, NO_3~– leaching, and denitrification loss accounted for around 27, 30, 23, 18 and 2% of the applied fertilizer N, respectively. NH_3 volatilization and NO_3~– leaching were the most important N loss pathways while soil residual N was an important fate of N fertilizer for replenishing soil N depletion from crop production. The upland agricultural soils in North China are a large source of N_2O and total emissions in this region make up a large proportion（approximately 54%） of Chinese cropland N_2O emissions. The “non-coupled strong ammonia oxidation” process is an important mechanism of N_2O production. Slowing down ammonia oxidation after ammonium-N fertilizer or urea application and avoiding transient high soil NH4＋ concentrations are key measures for reducing N_2O emissions in this region. Further N management shou

关键词： N transformation NH3 volatilization ammonia oxidation NO3- leaching N2O emission upland agricultural soils

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Reduction of N2O emissions by DMPP depends on the interactions of nitrogen sources(digestate vs. urea) with soil properties

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2023年第1期22卷 251-264页

作者： LI Hao-ruo SONG xiao-tong Lars RBAKKEN ju xiao-tang College of Resources and Environmental Sciences China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193P.R.China State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085P.R.China College of Tropical Crops Hainan UniversityHaikou 570228P.R.China Faculty of Chemistry Biotechnology and Food ScienceNorwegian University of Life Science(NMBU)Ås 1430Norway

The inhibition of nitrification by mixing nitrification inhibitors(NI)with fertilizers is emerging as an effective method to reduce fertilizer-induced nitrous oxide(N_(2)O)*** additive 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate(DMPP)apparently inhibits ammonia oxidizing bacteria(AOB)more than ammonia oxidizing archaea(AOA),which dominate the nitrification in alkaline and acid soil,***,the efficacy of DMPP in terms of nitrogen sources interacting with soil properties remains *** therefore conducted a microcosm experiment using three typical Chinese agricultural soils with contrasting pH values(fluvo-aquic soil,black soil and red soil),which were fertilized with either digestate or urea in conjunction with a range of DMPP *** the alkaline fluvo-aquic soil,fertilization with either urea or digestate induced a peak in N_(2)O emission(60μg N kg^(-1)d^(-1))coinciding with the rapid nitrification within 3 d following *** almost eliminated this peak in N_(2)O emission,reducing it by nearly 90%,despite the fact that the nitrification rate was only reduced by 50%.In the acid black soil,only the digestate induced an N_(2)O emission that increased gradually,reaching its maximum(20μg N kg^(-1)d^(-1))after 5–7 *** nitrification rate and N_(2)O emission were both marginally reduced by DMPP in the black soil,and the N_(2)O yield(N_(2)O-N per NO2–+NO3–-N produced)was exceptionally high at 3.5%,suggesting that the digestate induced heterotrophic *** the acid red soil,the N_(2)O emission spiked in the digestate and urea treatments at 50 and 10μg N kg^(-1)d^(-1),respectively,and DMPP reduced the rates substantially by nearly 70%.Compared with 0.5%DMPP,the higher concentrations of DMPP(1.0 to 1.5%)did not exert a significantly(P<0.05)better inhibition effect on the N_(2)O emissions in these soils(either with digestate or urea).This study highlights the importance of matching the nitrogen sources,soil properties and NIs

关键词： nitrous oxide digestate urea nitrification inhibitors DMPP alkaline soils acid soils

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Effect of Long-Term Fertilization on Organic Nitrogen Forms in a Calcareous Alluvial Soil on the North China Plain

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Pedosphere 2006年第2期16卷 224-229页

作者： ju xiao-tang LIU Xue-jun ZHANG Fu-Suo P. CHRISTIE Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions Ministry of Education College of Agricultural Resources and Environmental Sciences China Agricultural University Beijing 100094 （China） Agricultural and Environmental Science Department The Queen＇s University of Belfast Belfast BT9 5PX （UK）

In order to illustrate the change of nitrogen （N） supply capacity after long-term application of manure and chemical fertilizer, as well as to properly manage soil fertility through fertilizer application under the soil-climatic conditions of the North China Plain, organic N forms were quantified in the topsoil with different manure and chemical fertilizer treatments in a 15-year fertilizer experiment in a Chinese calcareous alluvial soil. Soil total N （TN） and various organic N forms were significantly influenced by long-term application of chemical fertilizer and manure. TN, total hydrolysable N, acid-lnsoluble N, amino acid N and ammonium N in the soil increased significantly （P 〈 0.05） with increasing manure and fertilizer N rates, but were not influenced by increasing P rates. Also, application of manure or N fertilizer or P fertilizer did not significantly influence either the quantity of amino sugar N or its proportion of TN. Application of manure significantly increased （P 〈 0.05） hydrolysable unknown N, but adding N or P did not. In addition, application of manure or N fertilizer or P fertilizer did not significantly influence the proportions of different soil organic N forms.

关键词： chemical fertilizer long-term fertilization manure North China Plain soil organic nitrogen forms

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A ^(15)N-Labeling Study of the Capture of Deep Soil Nitrate from Different Plant Systems

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2014年第1期13卷 167-176页

作者： YANG Zhi-xin WANG jue DI Hong-jie ZHANG Li-juan ju xiao-tang Key Laboratory for Farmland Eco-Environment Hebei Province/College of Resource and Environmental SciencesAgricultural University of Hebei Centre for Soil and Environmental Research PO Box 85084Lincoln University College of Agricultural Resources and Environmental Sciences China Agricultural University

The objective of this study was to determine the efficiency of different plant systems in capturing deep soil nitrate （NO3-） to reduce NO3- leaching in a field plot experiment using 15N labelling. The study was conducted on a calcareous alluvial soil on the North China Plains and the plant systems evaluated included alfalfa （Medicago sativa）, American black poplar （Populus nigra） and cocksfoot （Dactylis）. ^15N-labelled N fertilizer was injected to 90 cm depth to determine the recovery of ^15N by the plants. With conventional water and nutrient management, the total recovery of ^15N-labeled NO3--N was 23.4% by alfalfa after two consecutive growth years. The recovery was significantly higher than those by American black poplar （12.3%） and cocksfoot （11.4%）. The highest proportion of soil residual ~SN from the labeled fertilizer N （%Ndff） was detected around 90 cm soil depth at the time of the 1st year harvest and at 110-130 cm soil depth at time of the 2nd year harvest. Soil %Ndff in 0-80 cm depth was significantly higher in the alfalfa treatment than those in all the other treatments. The soil %Ndff below 100 cm depth was much lower in the alfalfa than those in all the other treatments. These results indicated that ^15N leaching losses in the alfalfa treatment were significantly lower than by those in the black poplar and cocksfoot treatments, due to the higher root density located in nitrate labeling zone of soil profile. In conclusion, alfalfa may be used as a plant to capture deep soil NO3- left from previous crops to reduce NO3- leaching in high intensity crop cultivation systems of North China Plain.

关键词： ^15N-labeled nitrate tree and forage grass alfalfa cocksfoot black poplar residual nitrate in subsoil capture ability

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Natural ^(15)N Abundance in Winter Wheat Amended with Urea and Compost: A Long-Term Experiment

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Pedosphere 2013年第6期23卷 835-843页

作者： ZHOU Wei HU Chun-Sheng LI Ji P.CHRISTIE HE Xin-Hua ju xiao-tang Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources Center for Agricultural Resources ResearchInstitute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences College of Resources and Environmental Sciences China Agricultural University Agri-Environment Branch Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute Northern Research Station USDA Forest Service

We investigated 15N abundance （δ15N） of winter wheat （Triticum aestivum cv. Jinmai 1） plants and soil at different growth stages in a field with a 13-year fertilization history of urea and compost, to determine whether or not the δ15N of plant parts can be used as an indicator of organic amendment with compost. Plant parts （roots, leaves, stems and grains） and soil were sampled at re-greening, jointing, grain filling and mature growth stages of winter wheat. There were significant differences between the urea and compost treatments in 815N of whole plants, plant parts and soil over the whole growing season. Determination of the δ15N of plant parts was more convenient than that of whole plant to distinguish between the application of organic amendment and synthetic N fertilizer.

关键词： detection growth stages natural δ15N organic food tissue

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Significant reduction of ammonia emissions while increasing crop yields using the 4R nutrient stewardship in an intensive cropping system

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2023年第6期22卷 1883-1895页

作者： ZHANG Chong WANG Dan-dan ZHAO Yong-jian xiao Yu-lin CHEN Huan-xuan LIU He-pu FENG Li-yuan YU Chang-hao ju xiao-tang College of Tropical Crops Hainan UniversityHaikou 570228P.R.China College of Resources and Environmental Sciences China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193P.R.China

Ammonia (NH_3) emissions should be mitigated to improve environmental *** are one of the largest NH_3sources,they must be managed properly to reduce their emissions while achieving the target ***,we report the NH_3 emissions,crop yield and changes in soil fertility in a long-term trial with various fertilization regimes,to explore whether NH_3 emissions can be significantly reduced using the 4R nutrient stewardship (4Rs),and its interaction with the organic amendments (i.e.,manure and straw) in a wheat–maize *** the 4Rs significantly reduced NH_3 emissions to 6 kg N ha~(–1) yr~(–1) and the emission factor to 1.72%,without compromising grain yield (12.37 Mg ha~(–1) yr~(–1))and soil fertility (soil organic carbon of 7.58 g kg~(–1)) compared to the conventional chemical N *** using the 4R plus manure,NH_3 emissions (7 kg N ha~(–1) yr~(–1)) and the emission factor (1.74%) were as low as 4Rs,and grain yield and soil organic carbon increased to 14.79 Mg ha~(–1) yr~(–1) and 10.09 g kg~(–1),*** manure substitution not only significantly reduced NH_3 emissions but also increased crop yields and improved soil fertility,compared to conventional chemical N *** return exerted a minor effect on NH_3 *** results highlight that 4R plus manure,which couples nitrogen and carbon management can help achieve both high yields and low environmental costs.

关键词： ammonia emission crop yield 4R nutrient stewardship partial manure substitution winter wheat–summer maize cropping system

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Study on Soil Denitrification in Wheat-Maize Rotation System

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2006年第1期5卷 45-49页

作者： ZOU Guo-yuan ZHANG Fu-suo ju xiao-tang CHEN Xin-ping LIU Xue-jun Institute of Plant Nutrition and Natural Resources Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences Beijing 100089 P.R.China Department of Plant Nutrition China Agricultural University Beijing 100094 P.R.China

Soil denitrification was studied in wheat-maize rotation cropping system on an aquic cambisol. Results showed that the N loss amount by denitrification ranged from 4.7 to 9.7 kg per hectare with different levels of nitrogen application and the key stage for denitification was during summer maize-growth-period, especially within 1-2 weeks after fertilizer nitrogen was applied. Similar trend was found between soil N2O production/emission dynamic and denitrification dynamic in the rotation system, which may indicate that mainly N2O is produced in nitrification process.

关键词： aquic cambisol winter wheat summer maize denitrification N2O

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Conversion of Natural Ecosystems to Cropland Increases the Soil Net Nitrogen Mineralization and Nitrification in Tibet

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Pedosphere 2008年第6期18卷 699-706页

作者： YANG Li-Lin ZHANG Fu-Suo MAO Ren-Zhao ju xiao-tang Cai xiao-Bu LU Ya-Hai College of Resources and Environmental Sciences China Agricultural University Beijing 100094 （China） Center for Agricultural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Shijiazhuang 050021 （China） College of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Tibet University Linzhi 860000 （China）

A comparative study was conducted to determine the NH4+ and NO3- concentrations in soil profiles and to examine the net nitrogen (N) mineralization and nitrification in adjacent forest, grassland, and cropland soils on the Tibetan Plateau. Cropland soil showed significantly higher inorganic N concentrations in soil profiles compared with forest and grassland soils. NO3- -N accounted for 70%–90% of inorganic N in cropland soil, while NH4+ -N was the main form of inorganic N in forest and grassland soils. The average net N mineralization rate at 0–20 cm depth was approximately twice in cropland soil (1.48 mg kg-1 d-1) as high as in forest (0.83 mg kg-1 d-1) or grassland soil (0.72 mg kg-1 d-1). Cropland showed strong net nitrification, with the net rate almost equal to the total net N mineralization. Urea addition stimulated soil respiration, particularly in forest soil. Most urea-N, however, remained as NH4+ in forest and grassland soils, while NO3- was the main form of inorganic N to increase in cropland soil. Higher rates of net nitrification in cropland soils suggest that land use change on the Tibetan Plateau may lead to high N losses through nitrate leaching.

关键词： land use change microbial biomass nitrification nitrogen mineralization

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Quantifying in situ N2 fluxes from an intensively managed calcareous soil using the 15N gas-flux method

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2022年第9期21卷 2750-2766页

作者： LIU Yan WANG Rui PAN Zhan-lei ZHENG Xun-hua WEI Huan-huan ZHANG Hong-rui MEI Bao-ling QUAN Zhi FANG Yun-ting ju xiao-tang State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Beijing 100029P.R.China College of Earth and Planet Science University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049P.R.China College of Resources and Environmental Sciences China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193P.R.China School of Ecology and Environment Inner Mongolia UniversityHohhot 010021P.R.China CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management Institute of Applied EcologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110164P.R.China College of Tropical Crops Hainan UniversityHaikou 570228P.R.China

Denitrification-induced nitrogen(N) losses from croplands may be greatly increased by intensive ***,the accurate quantification of these losses is still challenging due to insufficient available in situ measurements of soil dinitrogen(N) *** carried out two one-week experiments in a maize-wheat cropping system with calcareous soil using theN gas-flux(NGF) method to measure in situ Nfluxes following urea *** ofN-labeled urea(99 atom%,130-150 kg N ha) were followed by irrigation on the 1 st,3 rd,and 5 th days after fertilization(DAF 1,3,and 5,respectively).The detection limits of the soil Nfluxes were 163-1 565,81-485,and 54-281 μg N mhfor the two-,four-,and six-hour static chamber enclosures,*** Nfluxes measured in 120 cases varied between 159 and 2 943(811 on average) μg N *** were higher than the detection limits,with the exception of only two *** Nfluxes at DAF 3 were significantly higher(by nearly 80%(P<0.01)) than those at DAF 1 and 5 in the maize experiment,while there were no significant differences among the irrigation times in the wheat *** Nfluxes and the ratios of nitrous oxide(NO) to the NO plus Nfluxes following urea application to maize were approximately 65% and 11 times larger,respectively(P<0.01),than those following urea application to *** differences could be mainly attributed to the higher soil water contents,temperatures,and availability of soil N substrates in the maize experiment than in the wheat *** study suggests that theNGF method is sensitive enough to measure in situ Nfluxes from intensively fertilized croplands with calcareous soils.

关键词： N2 fluxes 15N gas-flux method N2O/(N2O+N2)ratios detection limit intensive cropping system

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Forkhead box protein A2 and T helper type 2-mediated pulmonary inflammation

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World Journal of Methodology 2015年第4期5卷 223-229页

作者： Ling Sun xiao-ju tang Feng-Ming Luo Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center of Regeneration Medicine West China Hospital Sichuan University Department of Pulmonary Diseases West China Hospital Sichuan University Department of Family Medicine West China Hospital Sichuan University

The transcription factor forkhead box protein A2(FOXA2, also known as hepatocyte nuclear factor 3β or transcription factor 3β), has been found to play pivotal roles in multiple phases of mammalian life, from the early development to the organofaction, and subsequently in homeostasis and metabolism in the adult. In the embryonic development period, FOXA2 is require d for the formation of the primitive node and notochord, and its absence results in embryonic lethality. Moreover, FOXA2 plays an important role not only in lung development, but also in T helper type 2(Th2)-mediated pulmonary inflammation and goblet cell hyperplasia. In this article, the role of FOXA2 in lung development and Th2-mediated pulmonary inflammation, as well as in goblet cell hyperplasia, is reviewed. FOXA2 deletion in airway epithelium results into Th2-mediated pulmonary inflammation and goblet cell hyperplasia in developing lung. Leukotriene pathway and signal transducers and activators of transcription 6 pathway may mediate this inflammation through recruitment and activation of denditric cell during lung developments. FOXA2 is a potential treatment target for lung diseases with Th2 inflammation and goblet cell hyperplasia, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

关键词： Forkhead box protein A2 T helper type 2 inflammation Pulmonary Development Goblet cell hyperplasia

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