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Microcosmic analysis of ductile shearing zones of coal seams of brittle deformation domain in superficial lithosphere

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Science china Earth Sciences 2004年第5期47卷 393-404页

作者： ju yiwen1,{1., Chinese {2. of Sciences,{3., china 2. College of Mineral Resources and Geosciences, china University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou 2.1.08, china Chinese Acad Sci Grad Sch Beijing 100039 Peoples R China china Univ Min & Technol Coll Mineral Resources & Geosci Xuzhou 221008 Peoples R China

The ductile shearing zones of coal seams in a brittle deformation domain in super-ficial lithosphere are put forward based on the study on bedding shearing and ductile rheology of coal seams. The macrocosmic and microcosmic characteristics include wrinkle fold, mymonitized zones and ductile planar structure of coal seams, etc., while the microcosmic characteristics may also include different optic-axis fabrics and the anisotropy of vitrinite reflectance as well as the change of chemical structure and organic geochemistry components. The forming mechanism is analyzed and the strain environment of ductile shearing zones of coal seams discussed. The result indicates that, in the superficial brittle deformation domain, the coal seams are easy to be deformed, resulting in not only brittle deformation but also ductile shearing deformation under the action of force. Because of simple shearing stress, the interlayer gliding or ductile rheology may take place between coal seams and wall rocks. Therefore, many ductile shearing zones come into being in superficial lithosphere (<5 km). The research on ductile shearing zone of brittle de-formation domain in superficial lithosphere is significant not only theoretically for the study of ductile shearing and ductile rheology of the lithosphere but also practically for the structural movement of coal seams, the formation and accumulation of coal-bed methane, and the preven-tion and harness of gas burst in coal mine.

关键词： brittle deformation domain, interlayer gliding, ductile rheology, ductile shearing zones of coal seams, coal mymonite, vitrinite reflectance anisotropy.

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^(1.)C NMR spectra of tectonic coals and the effects of stress on structural components

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Science china Earth Sciences 2005年第9期48卷 1418-1437页

作者： ju yiwen1,2. jiang {3.1, {2. quanlin2. wang guiliang1 & NI Shanqin2.1. College of Mineral Resource and Geosciences, china University of Mining and Technology, Xuz{2. 2.1008, china 2. La{3.ratory of Computational Geodynamics, College of Geosciences, graduate school of Chinese academy of Sciences, {12. 100049, china 1. College of Mineral Resource and Geosciences China University of Mining and Technology 221008 Xuzhou China 2. La{1.ratory of Computational Geodynamics College of Geosciences Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences 100049 Beijing China

High-resolution 1.C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectra of different kinds of tectonic coals were obtained using the NMR (CP/MAS+TOSS) method. On the basis of this, after simulation synthesis and division of spectra, the relative contents of carbon functional groups were calculated. Combined with results of Ro, max, XRD testing and element analysis, stress effects on the composition of macromolecular structures in tectonic coals were studied further. The results showed that Ro, max was not only the important index for describing coal rank, but was also effective for estimating the stress effect of tectonic coals. Under tectonic stress ac- tion, Ro, max was the most direct indicator of the coal structure and chemical components. Changes in the stacking Lc of the coal basic structure unit (BSU) and La/Lc parameters could distinguish the temperature and stress effects on metamorphic-deformed environments, and re- flected the degree of structural deformation. Therefore, on the whole, Lc and La/Lc can be used to index of the degree of structural deformation of tectonic coals. In different metamorphic and de- formed environments, different kinds of tectonic coals are formed under structural stress. The changes in characteristics of the macromolecular structure and chemical composition are such that as the increase in structural deformation becomes stronger, from the brittle deformation coal to ductile deformation coal, the ratio of width at the half height of the aromatic carbon and ali- phatic carbon peaks (Hfa/Hfal ) was increased. As carbon aromaticity was raised further, carbon aliphaticity reduced obviously and different compositions of macromolecular structure appeared as a jump and wave pattern except for in wrinkle structure coal, which might result chiefly from stress effects on the macromolecular structure of different kinds of tectonic coals. The macro- moecular changes of wrinkle structure coal are reflected mainly on physical structure. In the metamorphi

关键词： tectonic coal, NMR, macromolecular structure, chemical component, stress effect.

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Relationship between nano-scale deformation of coal structure and metamorphic-deformed environments

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2005年第16期50卷 1784-1795页

作者： ju {1. {2. {3. hou quanlin wang guiliang College of Mineral Resource and Geosciences China University of Mining and Technology Xuzhou 221008 China Laboratory of Computational Geodynamics College of Geosciences Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049. China

There is a more consanguineous relation be-tween nano-scale deformation of coal structure and meta-morphic-deformed environment. In different metamor-phic-deformed environments, deformation in the coal struc-ture can occur not only at micro-scale, but also at nano-scale, and even leads to the change of molecular structure and nano-scale pore (1.0 nm) structure. The latter is the main space absorbing coalbed methane. Through X-ray diffraction (XRD) and liquid–nitrogen absorption methods, the charac-teristics of macromolecular and nano-scale pore structures of coals in different metamorphic-deformed environments and deformational series of coals have been studied. By combin-ing with high-resolution transmission electron microcopy (HRTEM), the macromolecular and nano-scale pore struc-tures are also directly observed. These results demonstrate that the stacking Lc of the macromolecular BSU in tectonic coals increases quickly from the metamorphic-deformed environment of low rank coals to that of high rank coals. For different deformed tectonic coals, in the same metamor-phic-deformed environment, the difference of Lc is obvious. These changes reflect chiefly the difference of different tem-perature and stress effect of nano-scale deformation in tec-tonic coals. The factor of temperature plays a greater role in the increase of macromolecular structure parameters Lc, the influence of stress factor is also important. With the stress strengthening, Lc shows an increasing trend, and La /Lc shows a decreasing trend. Therefore, Lc and La /Lc can be used as the indicator of nano-scale deformation degree of tectonic coals. With increasing temperature and pressure, especially oriented stress, the orientation of molecular structure be-comes stronger, and ordering degree of C-nets and the ar-rangement of BSU are obviously enhanced. For the deforma-tion of nano-scale pore structure, in the same metamor-phic-deformed environment, along with the strengthening of stress, the ratio of m

关键词：煤结构纳米变形大分子结构地质环境

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Relationship between nano-scale deformation of coal structure and metamorphic-deformed environments

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Science Bulletin 2005年第16期 114-125页

作者： ju yiwen1, 2. jiang {3.1, {2. quanlin2.& wang guiliang1 1. College of Mineral Resource and Geosciences, china University of Mining and Technology, Xuz{2. 2.1008, china 2. La{3.ratory of Computational Geodynamics, College of Geosciences, graduate University of Chinese academy of Sciences, beijing 100049, china

关键词： coal structure nano-scale deformation macromolecular structure pore structure metamorphic-deformed environment.

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Behavior and mechanism of the adsorption/desorption of tectonically deformed coals

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2009年第1期54卷 88-94页

作者： ju {1. {2. {3. hou quanlin TAN YongJie wang guiliang XIAO WenJiao College of Earth Science Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China College of Mineral Resource and Geoscience China University of Mining & Technology Xuzhou 221008 China Development and Research Center of china Geological Survey Beijing 100083 China Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China

The physical and chemical texture of tectonically deformed coals produced by various formational mechanisms are different from those of primary coals,thus resulting in major differences among the physical properties of the reservoirs of these coals. We have studied the adsorption/desorption be-havior of tectonically deformed coals by the use of isothermal adsorption/desorption experiments un-der equilibrium moisture condition. Experiments of isothermal adsorption/desorption of methane or multi-component gases have indicated that,the adsorption curves of coals with a low degree of tec-tonic deformation conform to the type of isothermal adsorption curve described by the Langmuir equation; the methane adsorption curves of coals with strong tectonic deformation cannot be de-scribed by the Langmuir equation. The adsorption/desorption process of methane and multi-compo-nent gases in the deformed coals is not consistent with primary coals,which form an effect of hys-teresis in different kinds of tectonically deformed coals. With the change of pore structure of tectoni-cally deformed coals at reservoir condition,the added adsorbed CH4 in the experiments is desorbed on the pore surface of coals during the pressure reduction process. Thus,the result shows that the ad-sorption volume in the process of desorbing is greater than that in adsorbing. Because of the defor-mation,structural change,and transformation of the adsorption potential field of coals,it is essential to form a new kind of isothermal adsorption curve and the hysteresis effect of the desorption process.

关键词：煤变形吸附作用解析作用物理性质

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