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地学前缘 2009年第S1期16卷 175-176页

作者： stephen joseph Nyagonde Nancy Nai Laizer College of Natural and Applied Science-University of Dar es salaam

Although small scale mining management is a complex task,many countries in the world have managed to develop mining management regimes that can improve the economic and environmental efficiency of the small scale mining *** paper attempts to explore the mental picture of opportunities and challenges of the environmental management in small scale mining in Tanzania focusing on

关键词： small scale mining prospect challenges environmental management Tanzania

The Opportunities and Challenges of Geotourism:A Case Study in Oldonyo Lengai in Tanzania

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地学前缘 2009年第S1期16卷 293-294页

作者： stephen joseph Nyagonde Constantine Deus Shirati College of Natural and Applied Science University of Dar es Salaam College of Arts and Social Science University of Dar es Salaam

Both geoparks and geosites are unique geological features of spectacular importance to earth science (global scientific importance) and the surrounding *** Oldonyo Lengai(The God for the Maasai people and unique activ... 详细信息

关键词： Oldonyo Lengai geotourism opportuneities and challenges

Biochar improves diary pasture yields by alleviating P and K constraints with no influence on soil respiration or N2O emissions

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Biochar 2019年第1期1卷 115-126页

作者： Lukas van Zwieten stephen Kimber stephen Morris Lynne M.Macdonald Josh Rust Scott Petty stephen joseph Terry Rose NSW Department of Primary Industries 1243 Bruxner HighwayWollongbar 2477NSWAustralia CSIRO Land and Water Agriculture and Food/Sustainable Agricultural Flagship UrrbraeSA 5064Australia School of Materials Science and Engineering University of New South WalesKensington 2033NSWAustralia Southern Cross Plant Science Southern Cross UniversityLismore 2480NSWAustralia Centre for Organics Research Southern Cross UniversityLismore 2480NSWAustralia

Dairy pastures can be a major source of soil nitrous oxide(N_(2)O)emissions due to the combination of intensive nitrogen(N)fertiliser use and high soil water content,from either rainfall and/or *** application is a promising approach to lower soil greenhouse gas emissions,particularly under high soil moisture conditions where denitrification is the primary N-transformation *** a replicated field trial,we evaluated the effects of two contrasting biochars derived from poul-try litter and from hardwood on soil N_(2)O emissions,soil ammonium(NH4^(+))and nitrate(NO3^(−))status,pasture productivity and herbage nutrient content.A liming treatment to mimic the liming equivalence of the poultry litter biochar was used to separate any effects observed from changes in soil *** further separate the effects of biochars on soil N status,N_(2)O emissions and pasture N uptake,high and low N fertiliser doses(annual application of 672 kg N ha^(−1),336 kg N ha^(−1))were superimposed across all of the *** N fertiliser dose had no significant impact on pasture *** of poultry litter biochar resulted in significant increases in pasture productivity under both high and low N *** was achieved by alleviating soil P,and possibly K nutritional constraints that are typical in Australian *** the high N fertiliser dose,emissions of N_(2)O from the treatments and control were not significantly different(p>0.05)and ranged between 1.14 and 1.78 kg N_(2)O-N ha^(−1)across the 11-month *** low N dose resulted in significantly lower emissions of N_(2)O of between 0.80 and 0.84 kg N_(2)O-N ha^(−1),but biochar had no significant effect on net emissions across the *** lack of impact of biochar on N_(2)O emissions was attributed to the relatively dry conditions over the trial period resulting in nitrification being the most likely N-transformation *** brief episodes of high soil moisture,peak emissions from the bio

关键词： Ferralsol Autochamber methodology Nitrification Urea Lime Poultry litter biochar Hardwood biochar Emission intensity

Overall benefits of biochar, fed to dairy cows, for the farming system

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Pedosphere 2023年第1期33卷 225-230页

作者： Sara TAHERY Melissa REBBECK stephen joseph Paul MUNROE Guanhong CHEN Maree O'SULLIVAN Wayne SPITCHFORD School of Materials Science and Engineering University of New South WalesSydney2052Australia Climate and Agricultural Support Pty Ltd. P.O.Box 25Goolwa 5214Australia National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-Environmental Pollution Control and ManagementInstitute of Eco-Environmental and Soil SciencesGuangdong Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510650China Davies Livestock Research Centre School and Animal and Veterinary SciencesUniversity of AdelaideRoseworthy CampusSA 5371Australia

Dear Editor,Biochar has been used as an input in the animal farming industry since 2010(Gerlach and Schmidt,2012;Schmidt et al.,2019).Several studies have documented the positive effects of biochar,used as a feed supplement,on both livestock and soil *** et al.(2019)examined 112 studies,in which the addition of a small amount of biochar to fodder improved the animal immune system,digestibility,and quality of milk and meat,while eliminating *** and Schmidt(2012)conducted a survey,in which biochar was fed to 150 cattle,and found that both the milk protein and fat increased when biochar was added to *** et al.(2011)investigated the effect of activated biochar,fed to Holstein dairy cows at 0,20,and 40 g daily,on fungal-contaminated feed *** to the control,biochar considerably improved feed intake and digestibility,and increased milk fat.

关键词： cows soil system

Factors in fluencing farmers' participation in crop intensification program in Rwanda

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2017年第6期16卷 1406-1416页

作者： Alphonse Nahayo Morris O.Omondi ZHANG Xu-hui LI Lian-qing PAN Gen-xing stephen joseph Institute of Resources Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 P.R. China College of Agriculture Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine University of Rwanda Musanze P. O. Box 210 Rwanda University of New South Wales School of Material Science and Engineering Sydney NSW 2052 Australia

The crop intensification program（CIP）was introduced in Rwanda in 2007 by the Ministry of Agriculture and Animal Resources（MINAGRI）,Rwanda,as a solution to the land fragmentation,low use of agricultural inputs and low access to extension ***,due to the voluntary nature of farmers’participation and their reluctance to participate,this study aimed at assessing the factors that influence their *** were collected from 340 respondents through a household survey in Mayange and Rusarabuye *** statistics and binary logistic regression model were used to analyze the *** show that the factors that significantly influenced the farmers’participation in the CIP include gender,non-farm income,farmland size,farming experience,land acquisition means,market access,trust and agro-ecological *** fact,the non-farm income significantly increased the farmers’decisions to participate in the CIP（P〈0.001）as it eases the financial capital needed to invest in the CIP *** the land acquisition means,the farmers who inherited or bought the land positively and significantly participated in the CIP（P〈0.05）because they had the land tenure ***,the participation in the CIP was hindered by inadequate irrigation and mechanization facilities,lack of farmers’participation in the CIP planning process,inadequate extension services,inadequate agricultural inputs and inadequate post-harvest *** collaboration between farmers,local leaders,extension agents and agricultural service providers as well as the farmers’practical skills in irrigation and mechanization could enhance the participation to the ***,there is a need on the part of policymakers to empower farmers with adequate knowledge on better cropping practices and agricultural technologies through appropriate extension services and bottom-up based program.

关键词： chemical fertilizers crop intensification program extension services improved seeds post-harvest techniques institutional factors socio-economic factors constraints

Engineered biochar improves nitrogen use efficiency via stabilizing soil water-stable macroaggregates and enhancing nitrogen transformation

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Biochar 2023年第1期5卷 891-927页

作者： Zaid Khan Xu-Jian Yang Youqiang Fu stephen joseph Mohammad Nauman Khan Muhammad Ayoub Khan Intikhab Alam Hong Shen College of Natural Resources and Environment South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou 510640China Rice Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuangzhou 510640China School of Material Science and Engineering University of New South WalesSydneyNSW 2052Australia Research Center for Physiology and Ecology and Green Cultivation of Tropical Crops College of Tropical CropsHainan UniversityHaikou 570228China School of Life Sciences Henan UniversityKaifeng 450046China College of Life Sciences South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou 510640China

The use of inorganic nitrogen(N)fertilizers has increased drastically to meet the food requirements of the world’s growing ***,the excessive use of chemical nitrogen fertilizer has caused a series of soil and environmental problems,such as soil hardening,lower nitrogen use efficiency(NUE),nitrate pollution of water sources,nitrous oxide emissions,*** this review,we aimed to elaborate and discuss the role of engineered biochar in inducing the stability of water-stable macroaggregates,improving inorganic N transformation,and utilization efficiency to address the current uncertainties of nitrogen loss and maintaining soil and water ***,we elucidated the characteristics of engineered biochar in improving biochar quality to work as a multifunctional player in the ecosystem and promote resource utilization,soil conservation,and ecosystem ***,we discussed how the engineered biochar modulates the stability of water-stable macroaggregates and soil inorganic nitrogen transformation to enhance plant response under various toxic or deficient nitrogen conditions in the ***,the role of engineered biochar in biological nitrogen fixation,mediating nirK,nirS,and nosZ genes to promote the conversion of N_(2)O to N_(2),and decreasing denitrification and N_(2)O emission was ***,we suggest that engineered biochar amendment to soil can regulate soil water-stable macroaggregates,reduce N input,improve nitrogen metabolism,and finally,NUE and crop *** the best of our knowledge,this is the first time to evaluate the combined interactions of"engineered biochar×soil×NUE×crop growth,"providing advantages over the increasing N and water utilization and crop productivity separately with the aim of enhancing the stability of water-stable macroaggregates and NUE together on a sustainable basis.

关键词： Nitrogen Engineered biochar Macroaggregates Multifunctional player Nitrogen use efficiency

Influences of Biochar and Biochar-Mineral Complex on Mycorrhizal Colonisation and Nutrition of Wheat and Sorghum

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Pedosphere 2015年第5期25卷 686-695页

作者： Paul BLACKWELL stephen joseph Paul MUNROE Hossain M.ANAWAR Paul STORER Robert J.GILKES Zakaria M.SOLAIMAN Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia Geraldton Regional Office School of Materials Science and Engineering University of New South WalesSydney Discipline of Chemistry University of Newcastle University of Wollongong School of Earth and Environment and UWA Institute of Agriculture The University of Western Australia Australian Mineral Fertilisers Pty Ltd. Soil Biology and Molecular Ecology Group School of Earth and Environment and UWA Institute of AgricultureThe University of Western Australia

The high price of synthetic fertilisers and the price barrier for biochar as a soil amendment have encouraged the exploration of using biochar in fertiliser replacement formulations. Biochars coupled with fertilisers can be applied at lower application rates to achieve benefits in plant growth and nutrition, as well as soil biological fertility. It is necessary to evaluate the use of biochar as a fertiliser substitute. Therefore, this study investigated the comparative influences of biochars, including Acacia saligna （AS）, Simcoa jarrah （S J） and Wundowie jarrah （W J）, mineral fertiliser with microbes （MF ＋ M）, biochar-mineral complex （BMC） and their combination on mycorrhizal colonisation, growth and nutrition of wheat in a glasshouse experiment and sorghum in field conditions. BMC ＋ MF ＋ M treatment produced higher mycorrhizal colonisation than MF ＋ M alone, indicating that BMC had a significant role in increasing mycorrhizal colonisation. SJ （treated with acetic acid） and MF ＋ M treatments, as well as AS ＋ MF ＋ M application, showed similar effects on mycorrhizal colonisation, but lower colonisation than the BMC ＋ MF ＋ M treatment. Ovcrall~ the BMC ＋ MF ＋ M treatment supported the maximum shoot, root and total plant dry weight followed by AS ＋ MF ＋ M and WJ ＋ MF ＋ M. The MF ＋ M treatment had the maximum shoot N and K concentrations, while BMC ＋ MF ＋ M application had the maximum shoot P concentration. AS ＋ MF -4- M and WJ ＋ MF ＋ M treatments supported the maximum N uptake by wheat shoots, while BMC ＋ MF ＋ M supported the maximum P uptake. The results showed that biochars and BMCs could increase mycorrhizal colonisation, plant growth and nutrient uptake of wheat, particularly N, P, K, S and Zn. The field experiment confirmed that BMC application at a rate of 300 kg ha-1 could increase the yield of irrigated sorghum on a loam soil and provide better applied P use efficiency compared to a water-soluble fertiliser alone. These results indicated that biochar-based fer

关键词： carbon sequestration nutrient uptake P use efficiency soil biological fertility wheat production

Effects of Enriched Biochars Containing Magnetic Iron Nanoparticles on Mycorrhizal Colonisation,Plant Growth,Nutrient Uptake and Soil Quality Improvement

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Pedosphere 2015年第5期25卷 749-760页

作者： stephen joseph Hossain M.ANAWAR Paul STORER Paul BLACKWELL Chee CHIA Yun LIN Paul MUNROE Scott DONNE Josip HORVAT Jianli WANG Zakaria M.SOLAIMAN School of Materials Science and Engineering University of New South WalesSydney Discipline of Chemistry University of Newcastle Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials and School of Physics University of Wollongong Soil Biology and Molecular Ecology Group School of Earth and Environment (M087) and UWA Institute of AgricultureFaculty of ScienceThe University of Western Australia Australian Mineral Fertilisers Pty Ltd. Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia Geraldton Regional Office Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials University of Wollongong

At present, there is little commercial sale of biochar, since farmers find they can not gain a return on their investment in this amendment in the first few years after its application, because of the high cost associated with large application rates. To overcome this constraint, development of artificially aged enriched biochar-mineral complexes(BMCs), having a higher mineral content, surface functionality, exchangeable cations, high concentration of magnetic iron(Fe) nanoparticles, and higher water-extractable organic compounds has been undertaken by a combined team of researchers and a commercial company. Two biochars produced under different pyrolysis conditions were activated with a phosphoric acid treatment. A mixture of clay, chicken litter, and minerals were added to the biochar, and then this composite was torrefied at either 180 or 220?C. In this study a pot experiment was carried out in glasshouse conditions to determine the effects of four different BMCs, with different formulations applied at rates of 100 and 200 kg ha-1, on the mycorrhizal colonisation, wheat growth and nutrient uptake, and soil quality improvement. It was found that the phosphorus(P) and nitrogen uptake in wheat shoots were significantly greater for a low application rate of BMCs(100 kg ha-1). The present formulation of BMC was effective in enhancing growth of wheat at low application rate(100 kg ha-1). The increase in growth appeared due to an increase in P uptake in the plants that could be partly attributed to an increase in mycorrhizal colonisation and partly due to the properties of the BMC.

关键词： biochar-mineral complexes Fe nanoparticles P uptake redox reactions

Developing More Effective Enhanced Biochar Fertilisers for Improvement of Pepper Yield and Quality

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Pedosphere 2015年第5期25卷 703-712页

作者： YAO Chunxue stephen joseph LI Lianqing PAN Genxing Yun LIN Paul MUNROE Ben PACE Sarasadat TAHERYMOOSAVI Lukas VAN ZWIETEN Torsten THOMAS Shaun NIELSEN Jun YE Scott DONNE Institute of Resources Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture Nanjing Agricultural University Discipline of Chemistry University of Newcastle School of Materials Science and Engineering University of New South Wales New South Wales Department of Primary Industries School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences & Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation University of New South Wales

Utilization of biochar at high application rates can increase soil C and crop yields, decrease greenhouse gas emissions and reduce nutrient run-off from soils. However, the high application rate of 10 t ha-1 may not return a profit to the farmer due to the high cost of biochar. In this study biochar was modified through pre-treating the biomass and post-treating with phosphoric acid, minerals and different chemical fertilisers to study the effects of two new enhanced biochar fertilisers on the yield and quality of green pepper in a field experiment with 5 fertilisation treatments and 3 replications. The two new biochar fertilisers significantly （P 〈 0.05） increased the yield of green pepper （11.33-11.47 t ha-l）, compared with the conventional chemical fertiliser （9.72 t ha-l）. The biochar fertiliser treatments improved the vitamin C content of green pepper from 236.99 to 278.28 mg kg-1, and also significantly （P 〈 0.05） reduced the nitrate content from 132.32 to 101.92 mg kg-1, compared with chemical fertiliser. This study indicated that, compared to the use of conventional chemical fertiliser, all of the biochar fertiliser treatments could significantly improve the yield and quality of green pepper.

关键词： bentonite clay chemical fertiliser nitrate content phosphoric acid vitamin C content wheat straw

The New Running Frog of Jozani-Chwaka National Park,Zanzibar,Tanzania(Kassina spp.)

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地学前缘 2009年第S1期16卷 250-250页

作者： Nancy Nai Laizer stephen joseph Nyagonde College of Applied and Natural Science University of Dar es Salaam

The Running Frogs(Kassina spp.) are members of the Hyperoliidae,a family that is restricted to sub-Saharan *** summary information exists on the amphibian fauna of Zanzibar,only K. maculata has been recorded on Unguja,the largest of the islands in *** field surveys conducted in Jozani-Chwaka National Park revealed the presence of a frog in the genus Kassina that differs from all known species and,based on current knowledge,is endemic to Zanzibar.A new running frog species of Kassina was discovered from Jozani-Chwaka National Park,Zanzibar,Tanzania in *** is distinguished from other species in its genus,by an advertisement call,that is pulsed,

关键词： Africa Tanzania new species Kassina Zanzibar Jozani-Chwaka National Par