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Considerations for bariatric surgery in patients with cirrhosis

World journal of Gastroenterology 2018年第28期24卷 3112-3119页

作者： George Boon-Bee Goh philip R Schauer Arthur j McCullough Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Singapore General HospitalSingapore 169608Singapore Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore 169608Singapore Bariatric and Metabolic Institute Cleveland ClinicClevelandOH 44195United States Department of Gastroenterology Cleveland ClinicClevelandOH 44195United States Department of Pathobiology Cleveland ClinicClevelandOH 44195United States

With the ever increasing global obesity pandemic, clinical burden from obesity related complications are anticipated in parallel. Bariatric surgery, a treatment approved for weight loss in morbidly obese patients, has reported to be associated with good outcomes, such as reversal of type two diabetes mellitus and reducing all-cause mortality on a long term basis. However, complications from bariatric surgery have similarly been reported. In particular, with the onslaught of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) epidemic, in associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome, there is increasing prevalence of NAFLD related liver cirrhosis, which potentially connotes more risk of specific complications for surgery. Bariatric surgeons may encounter, either expectedly or unexpectedly, patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH) and NASH related cirrhosis more frequently. As such, the issues and considerations surrounding their medical care/surgery warrant careful deliberation to ensure the best outcomes. These considerations include severity of cirrhosis, liver synthetic function, portal hypertension and the impact of surgical factors. This review explores these considerations comprehensively and emphasizes the best approach to managing cirrhotic patients in the context of bariatric surgery.

关键词： Cirrhosis Portal hypertension Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Bariatric surgery Complications

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The Shishugou Fauna of the Middle-Late jurassic Transition Period in the junggar Basin of Western China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2022年第4期96卷 1115-1135页

作者： XU Xing james M.CLARK David A.EBERTH philip j.CURRIE Centre for Vertebrate Evolutionary Biology Yunnan UniversityKunming 650500China Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and PaleoanthropologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100044China Department of Biological Sciences George Washington UniversityWashington DC20052USA Royal Tyrrell Museum of Palaeontology Box 7500DrumhellerAlberta T0J 0Y0Canada Department of Biological Sciences University of Alberta 116 Street and 85 AvenueEdmontonAB T6G 2R3Canada

The Middle-Late jurassic transition period is a critical period for the evolution of terrestrial vertebrates,but the global fossil record from this time is relatively *** Shishugou Fauna of this period has recently produced significant fossil remains of dinosaurs and other vertebrate groups,some representing the earliest known members of several dinosaurian groups and other vertebrate groups and some representing the best-known specimens of their *** discoveries are significant for our understanding of the origin and evolution of several vertebrate *** dating indicates that the fauna is aged approximately 159-164 *** with other similarly-aged terrestrial faunas such as Shaximiao and Yanliao show both taxonomic similarities and differences between these faunas and indicate that the junggar deposits might have preserved the most complete vertebrate fossil record for a Middle-Late jurassic Laurasian terrestrial fauna.

关键词： Middle-Late jurassic Shishugou Fauna Shishugou Formation terrestrial ecosystem Shaximiao Yanliao junggar Basin

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The Value of a Small Microkernel for Dreamy Memory and the RAMpage Memory Hierarchy

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journal of Computer Science & Technology 2005年第5期20卷 586-595页

作者： philip Machanick School of ITEE University of Queensland Brisbane Qld 4072 Australia

This paper explores potential for the RAMpage memory hierarchy to use a microkernel with a small memory footprint, in a specialized cache-speed static RAM （tightly-coupled memory, TCM）. Dreamy memory is DRAM kept in low-power mode, unless referenced. Simulations show that a small microkernel suits RAMpage well, in that it achieves significantly better speed and energy gains than a standard hierarchy from adding TCM. RAMpage, in its best 128KB L2 case, gained 11% speed using TCM, and reduced energy 14%. Equivalent conventional hierarchy gains were under 1%. While 1MB L2 was significantly faster against lower-energy cases for the smaller L2, the larger SRAM＇s energy does not justify the speed gain. Using a 128KB L2 cache in a conventional architecture resulted in a best-case overall run time of 2.58s, compared with the best dreamy mode run time （RAMpage without context switches on misses） of 3.34s, a speed penalty of 29%. Energy in the fastest 128KB L2 case was 2.18j vs. 1.50j, a reduction of 31%. The same RAMpage configuration without dreamy mode took 2.83s as simulated, and used 2.393, an acceptable trade-off （penalty under 10%） for being able to switch easily to a lower-energy mode.

关键词： low-power design main memory virtual memory cache memories microkernels

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Postcranial disparity of galeaspids and the evolution of swimming speeds in stem-gnathostomes

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National Science Review 2023年第7期10卷 81-90页

作者： Zhikun Gai Xianghong Lin Xianren Shan Humberto G.Ferrón philip C.j.Donoghue Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Bristol Palaeobiology Group School of Earth Sciences University of Bristol Instituto Cavanilles de Biodiversidad i Biología Evolutiva Universitat de València

Galeaspids are extinct jawless relatives of living jawed vertebrates whose contribution to understanding the evolutionary assembly of the gnathostome bodyplan has been limited by absence of postcranial ***,we describe Foxaspis novemura *** ***.,based on complete articulated remains from a newly discovered Konservat-Lagerstatte in the Early Devonian(Pragian,～410 Ma) of Guangxi,South China.F,novemura had a broad,circular dorso-ventrally compressed headshield,slender trunk and strongly asymmetrical hypochordal tail fin comprised of nine ray-like scale-covered *** tail morphology contrasts with the symmetrical hypochordal tail fin of Tujiaaspis vividus,evidencing disparity in galeaspid postcranial *** of swimming speed reveals galeaspids as moderately fast swimmers,capable of achieving greater cruising swimming speeds than their more derived jawless and jawed *** analyses reject the hypothesis of a driven trend towards increasingly active food acquisition which has been invoked to characterize early vertebrate evolution.

关键词： Galeaspida jawed vertebrates evolution functional morphology phylogenetics modelling

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An Unusual, Three-Dimensionally Preserved, Large Hadrosauriform Pes Track from "Mid"-Cretaceous jiaguan Formation of Chongqing, China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2012年第2期86卷 304-312页

作者： XING Lida Phil R.BELL jeraldD.HARRIS philip j.CURRIE Department of Biological Sciences University of Alberta11455 Saskatchewan DriveEdmontonAlberta T6G 2E9Canada Key Laboratory of Evolutionary Systematics of Vertebrates Chinese Academy of SciencesPO Box 643100044 BeijingChina Pipestone Creek Dinosaur Initiative ClairmontAlberta TOH OWOCanada. Physical Sciences Department Dixie State College225 South 700 EastSt.GeorgeUtah 84770USA

Three-dimensional tracks provide unique insights into the locomotor mechanics of their track makers. An isolated, large hadrosauriform print attributable to Caririchnium lotus from the ＂mid＂-Cretaceous Lotus track site （jiaguan Formation） in China permits reconstruction of the footfall, weight-bearing, and kick-off phases of the step cycle. Large-scale modifications of the pes during the step cycle indicate C. lotus trackmakers were capable of locomotory modifications in response to substrate consistency beyond the ＂expected＂ shift between bipedal and quadrupedal postures. An unusual curvature to the trace of one of the outer digits indicates substantial transverse mobility. The remaining digits demonstrate lesser degrees of transverse movement accompanied by extension of the digits during footfall. The absence of overprinted scale-scratch marks and toe drags are consistent with a vertical kick-off of the pes and concomitant flexion of the digits. This track suggests that pedal mobility in C. lotus track makers was greater than previously suspected and has implications for reconstructions of hadrosauriform locomotion.

关键词： hadrosauriform locomotion footprints Cretaceous step cycle

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Modelling metabolism with Mathematica : detailed examples including erythrocyte metabolism 1

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2003年

作者： Peter j Mulquiney philip W Kuchel

来源：畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 评论

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A proposed U.S./China theoretical/experimental collaborative effort on baryon resonance extraction

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Chinese Physics C 2009年第12期33卷 1222-1229页

作者： philip L. Cole Idaho State University Department of Physics Pocatello Idaho 83209-8106 USA

In this paper we discuss the reasons for our work towards establishing a new collaboration between jefferson Lab （jLab） and the Institute of High Energy Physics （IHEP） in Beijing. We seek to combine experimentalists and theorists into a dedicated group focused on better understanding the current and future data from jLab and from the Beijing Electron Positron Collider （BEPC）. Recent jLab results on the extraction of single- and double-polarization observables in both the lπ- and 2π-channel show their high sensitivity to small production amplitudes and therefore their importance for the extraction of resonance parameters. The Beijing Electron Spectrometer （BES） at the BEPC has collected high statistics data on j/ψ production. Its decay into baryon-antibaryon channels offers a unique and complementary way of probing nucleon resonances. The CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer, CLAS, has access to N＊ form factors at high Q2 which is advantageous for the study of dynamical properties of nucleon resonances, while the low-background BES results will be able to provide guidance for the search for less-dominant excited states at jLab. Moreover, with the recently approved experimental proposal Nucleon Resonance Studies with CLAS12 and the high-quality data streaming from BES-Ⅲand CLAS, the time has come for forging a new Trans-Pacific collaboration of theorists and experimentalists on NSTAR physics.

关键词： baryon resonances electromagnetic form factors j/ψ production CEBAF Large AcceptanceSpectrometer (CLAS) jefferson Laboratory (jLab) Beijing Electron Spectrometer (BES) Beijing ElectronPositron Collider (BEPC) Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP)

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Predicting june Mean Rainfall in the Middle/Lower Yangtze River Basin

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2020年第1期37卷 29-41页

作者： Gill M.MARTIN Nick j.DUNSTONE Adam A.SCAIFE philip E.BETT Met Office Exeter

We demonstrate that there is significant skill in the GloSea5 operational seasonal forecasting system for predicting june mean rainfall in the middle/lower Yangtze River basin up to four months in *** of the rainfall in this region during june is contributed by the mei-yu rain *** find that similar skill exists for predicting the East Asian summer monsoon index(EASMI)on monthly time scales,and that the latter could be used as a proxy to predict the regional ***,there appears to be little to be gained from using the predicted EASMI as a proxy for regional rainfall on monthly time scales compared with predicting the rainfall *** interannual variability of the june mean rainfall is affected by synoptic and intraseasonal variations,which may be inherently unpredictable on the seasonal forecasting time scale,the major influence of equatorial Pacific sea surface temperatures from the preceding winter on the june mean rainfall is captured by the model through their influence on the western North Pacific subtropical *** ability to predict the june mean rainfall in the middle and lower Yangtze River basin at a lead time of up to 4 months suggests the potential for providing early information to contingency planners on the availability of water during the summer season.

关键词： forecast skill EASMI monthly mean rainfall East Asian summer monsoon Yangtze River basin

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Apparent Formation Factor for Leachate-Saturated Waste and Sediments: Examples from the USA and China

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journal of China University of Geosciences 2009年第3期20卷 606-617页

作者： philip j Carpenter 丁爱中程莉蓉刘普新楚福录 Department of Geology and Environmental Geosciences Northern Illinois UniversityDeKalb IL 60115 USA College of Water Sciences Beijing Normal University Environmental Protection Bureau of Maoming Hebei Institute of Geophysics

The formation factor relates bulk resistivity to pore fluid resistivity in porous materials. Understanding the formation factor is essential in using electrical and electromagnetic methods to monitor ieachate accumulations and movements both within and around landfills. Specifically, the formation factor allows leachate resistivity, the degree of saturation, and, possibly, even the hydraulic conductivity of the waste to be estimated from non-invasive surface measurements. In this study, apparent formation factors are computed for three landfills with different types of waste as well as sediments contaminated by landfill leachate. Resistivity soundings at the closed Mallard North landfill in suburban Chicago （Illinois, USA） mapped leachate surfaces that were confirmed by monitoring wells. The resistivity of leachate-saturated waste from resistivity sounding inversions was then divided by the leachate resistivity values measured in-situ to compute apparent formation factors （Fa） ranging from 1.6 to 4.9. A global Fa of 3.0±1.9 was computed for the entire monitored portion of this landfill. At a nearby mixed laboratory waste landfill, a 2D inverted resistivity section was used to compute an Fa of 2.9. Finally, a distinctly different Fa value of 10.6±2.8 was computed for leachate-saturated retorted oil shale wastes north of Maoming （茂名）, Guangdong （广东） Province, China. Shallow aquifers in the Laohuling （老虎岭） Formation near this landfill are polluted by acidic leachate containing heavy metals and organic compounds. The Fa for aquifers containing contaminated groundwater fall in the same range as aquifers with normal groundwater, 1.7-3.9. However, models from inverted sounding curves over these contaminated areas exhibit unusually low resistivity layers, which may be diagnostic of contamination.

关键词： landfall leachate formation factor Archie's law Maoming.

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Effect of different exogenous fatty acids on the cytosolic triacylglycerol content in bovine mammary cells

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Animal Nutrition 2019年第2期5卷 202-208页

作者： Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez juan j.Loor philip C Garnsworthy The University of Nottingham Sutton Bonington Campus Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of Copenhagen Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences University of Illinois1207 West Gregory DriveUrbana

The objective of this study was to determine how cytosolic triacylglycerols(TAG) are stored in mammary cells and whether this depends on the individual chemical configuration of fatty acids(FA). This objective was accomplished by addition of different FA to a FA-free medium used to culture mammary alveolar cells-large T antigen cells(MAC-T). Treatments consisted of adding FA(palmitate, stearate, oleate, linoleate,rumenic acid [CLA], elaidate and vaccinate) solutions to the medium at 100, 200, 300 and 400 mmol/L concentrations for a 24-h incubation period. At the end of each incubation period, cytosolic TAG, DNA and protein contents were measured. Palmitate, vaccenate, linoleate and CLA increased(P justed for DNA content. Overall, effects on cytosolic TAG accumulation depended on individual FA structure(chain length, degree of saturation, and number and orientation of FA double bonds). In addition, the long-chain FA used in this study did not have a detrimental effect on MAC-T cells as indicated by cytosolic protein and DNA contents reflecting their biological role in lipid accumulation.

关键词： Long chain fatty acid Mammary cells Trans fatty acid Triacylglycerol accumulation Vaccenic acid

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