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Pairwise Shared Ancestry in Random.m.ting Constant-Size Populations

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Natural Science 2022年第5期14卷 193-202页

作者： philip m. Service Departm.nt of Biological Sciences Northern Arizona University Flagstaff USA

In a panm.ctic population of constant size N, random.pairs of individuals will have a m.st recent shared ancestor who lived slightly m.re than 0.5 log2N generations previously, on average. The probability that a random.pair of individuals will share at least one ancestor who lived 0.5 log2N generations ago, or m.re recently, is about 50%. Those individuals, if they do share an ancestor from.that generation, would be cousins of degree (0.5 log2N) - 1. Shared ancestry from.progressively earlier generations increases rapidly until there is universal pairwise shared ancestry. At that point, every individual has one or m.re ancestors in com.on with every other individual in the population, although different pairs m.y share different ancestors. Those ancestors lived approxim.tely 0.7 log2N generations in the past, or m.re recently. Qualitatively, the ancestries of random.pairs have about 50% sim.larity for ancestors who lived about 0.9 log2N generations before the present. That is, about half of the ancestors from.that generation belonging to one m.m.er of the pair are present also in the genealogy of the other m.m.er. Qualitative pairwise sim.larity increases to m.re than 99% for ancestors who lived about 1.4 log2N generations in the past. Sim.lar results apply to a m.tric of quantitative pairwise genealogical overlap.

关键词： Pairwise Shared Ancestry Genealogical Overlap Quantitative Ancestry m.st Recent Com.on Ancestor Num.er of Cousins

Novel m.thod for ranking batsm.n in Indian Prem.er League

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Data Science and m.nagem.nt 2023年第3期6卷 158-173页

作者： m.K.m.nju Abin Oom.en philip Departm.nt of Com.uter Science&Engineering Toch Institute of Science&TechnologyErnakulamKerala682313India Departm.nt of CSE-Cyber Security Indian Institute of Information TechnologyKottayam686635India

Sports analytics have benefited im.ensely from.the growth and popularity of artificial intelligence and m.chine *** techniques enable sports analysts to evaluate player perform.nce m.re effectively.A literature review of player perform.nce evaluation m.thods shows the need to develop a new perform.nce evaluation index for Twenty20(T20)cricket.A novel fram.work was proposed to evaluate batsm.n strength based on individual perform.nce,role in the team.and team.***,proposed ranking system. are derived from.static networks,that is,the aggregation of gam. results over ***,the scores of the players(or team.)fluctuate over ***,defeating a renowned player during peak perform.nce is m.re rewarding than defeating the sam. player during other *** account for this,we propose a new m.thod and apply it to the T20 form.t Indian Prem.er *** m.thod serves three m.in purposes:First,it creates a new perform.nce index for players to rank them.m.re accurately and ***,the players are clustered based on their *** the third phase,a social network analysis approach is applied to visualize and analyze crickets as a network to gain better insights into players’team.*** novel approach is a helpful index for sports coaches,analysts,cricket fans,and m.nagers to evaluate player perform.nce and rank for future aspects.

关键词： Indian Prem.er League Social network analysis Artificial intelligence m.chine learning

Effect of Com.ined Chilling and GA_3 Treatm.nt on Bud Abortion in Forced ‘Luoyanghong' Tree Peony(Paeonia suffruticosa Andr.)

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Horticultural Plant Journal 2018年第6期4卷 250-256页

作者： m.RNYA philip m.P. CHENG Fangyun National Flower Engineering Research Center College of Landscape Architecture Beijing Forestry University School of Natural Resources m.nagem.nt Njala University National Flower Engineering Research Center College of Landscape ArchitectureBeijing Forestry University

This research investigated the effect of com.ined chilling and GA_3 treatm.nt on bud abortion of tree peony under greenhouse conditions to determ.ne the dynam.cs of exogenous horm.nes and chilling effects on bud abortion. Research of such nature will increase the understanding of the effects of GA_3 and chilling level on flower developm.nt thereby, prom.ting off-season cultivation techniques in tree peonies to increase production that m.ets m.rket dem.nd. Horm.ne and sugar levels in the ‘Luoyanghong' tree peony were respectively determ.ned using High-Perform.nce Liquid Chrom.tography(HPLC) and spectrophotom.ter. Non-potted chilling with 200 m.·L^(-1) GA_3 treatm.nt reduced bud abortion rate. Flowering rate in non-potted chilling with 200 m.·L^(-1) GA_3 plants was 58%, as against 21% in potted chilling plants with 200 m.·L^(-1) GA_3 treatm.nt. Sugar accum.lation in retained or aborted flower buds was conversely related to ABA level. Low ABA and high sugar levels were noted in retained buds whereas the reverse induced bud abortion. ABA level apparently inhibited sucrose and reducing sugar uptake in aborted buds whereas GA_3 enhanced sucrose uptake in retained buds. GA_3 and IAA levels were higher in retained than in aborted buds, which m.de plants with retained bud m.re com.etitive in nutrient uptake(by root)for growth and developm.nt. Overall, com.ined chilling and GA_3 treatm.nt enhanced plant growth and developm.nt, particularly bud sprouting, growth and flowering.

关键词： tree peony bud abortion chilling horm.ne sugar GA3 ABA IAA

Hybridization and the species problem.in conservation

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Current Zoology 2015年第1期61卷 206-216页

作者： Benjam.n m. FITZPATRICK m.ureen E. RYAN Jarrett R. johnson Joel CORUSH Evin T. CARTER Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Tennessee Knoxville TN 37996 USA School of Environm.ntal and Forest Sciences University of Washington Seattle WA 98195 USA Biology Departm.nt Western Kentucky University Bowling Green KY 42101 USA

m.st biologists recognize the ＂species phenom.non＂ as a real pattern in nature： Biodiversity is characterized by dis- continuities between recognizable groups classified as species. m.ny conservation laws focus on preventing species extinction. However, species are not fixed. Discontinuities evolve gradually and som.tim.s disappear. Exactly how to define particular spe- cies is not always obvious. Hybridization between taxonom.c species rem.nds us that species classification is not a perfect repre- sentation of nature. Classification is a m.del that is very useful, but not adequate in all cases. Conservationists often confront questions about how to apply species-based laws when hybridization confounds classification. Developm.nt of sophisticated techniques and nuanced interpretation of data in the basic study of species and speciation has exposed the need for deeper educa- tion in genetics and evolution for applied conservationists and decision m.kers. Here we offer a brief perspective on hybridiza- tion and the species problem.in conservation. Our intended audience is conservation practitioners and decision-m.kers m.re than geneticists and evolutionary biologists. We wish to em.hasize that the goals and prem.ses of legislative classification are not identical to those of scientific classification. Som.tim.s legal classification is required when the best available science indicates that discrete classification is not an adequate m.del for the case. Establishing legal status and level of protection for hybrids and hybrid populations m.ans choosing from.a range of scientifically valid alternatives. Although we should not abandon species-based approaches to conservation, we m.st recognize their lim.tations and work to clarify the roles of science and values in ethical and legal decisions [Current Zoology 61 （1）： 206-216, 2015].

关键词： Hybridization Hybrid zone Conservation Genetics Policy Classification Delim.tation

Predicting June m.an Rainfall in the m.ddle/Lower Yangtze River Basin

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Advances in Atm.spheric Sciences 2020年第1期37卷 29-41页

作者： Gill m.m.RTIN Nick J.DUNSTONE Adam.A.SCAIFE philip E.BETT m.t Office Exeter

We dem.nstrate that there is significant skill in the GloSea5 operational seasonal forecasting system.for predicting June m.an rainfall in the m.ddle/lower Yangtze River basin up to four m.nths in *** of the rainfall in this region during June is contributed by the m.i-yu rain *** find that sim.lar skill exists for predicting the East Asian sum.er m.nsoon index(EASm.)on m.nthly tim. scales,and that the latter could be used as a proxy to predict the regional ***,there appears to be little to be gained from.using the predicted EASm. as a proxy for regional rainfall on m.nthly tim. scales com.ared with predicting the rainfall *** interannual variability of the June m.an rainfall is affected by synoptic and intraseasonal variations,which m.y be inherently unpredictable on the seasonal forecasting tim. scale,the m.jor influence of equatorial Pacific sea surface tem.eratures from.the preceding winter on the June m.an rainfall is captured by the m.del through their influence on the western North Pacific subtropical *** ability to predict the June m.an rainfall in the m.ddle and lower Yangtze River basin at a lead tim. of up to 4 m.nths suggests the potential for providing early inform.tion to contingency planners on the availability of water during the sum.er season.

关键词： forecast skill EASm. m.nthly m.an rainfall East Asian sum.er m.nsoon Yangtze River basin

Rem.te platelet function testing using P-selectin expression in patients with recent cerebral ischaem.a on clopidogrel

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2021年第1期6卷 103-108页

作者： Jason philip Appleton Carla Richardson Natalia Dovlatova Jane m.y Nikola Sprigg Stan Heptinstall philip m.Bath Stroke Trials Unit Division of Clinical NeuroscienceUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK Stroke Division Nottingham University Hospitals NHS TrustNottinghamUK Platelet Solutions Ltd Division of Clinical NeuroscienceQueen's Medical CentreUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK Platelet Research Group Division of Clinical NeuroscienceQueen's Medical CentreUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK

Background Antiplatelet agents reduce recurrence after cerebral ischaem.a but are not effective in all patients,in part because of treatm.nt *** prim.ry aim.was to assess the proportion of patients who are insensitive to *** secondary aim.was to assess the association between insensitivity to clopidogrel and recurrent cerebrovascular *** Following written inform.d consent,independent patients with a recent non-cardioem.olic ischaem.c stroke or transient ischaem.c attack,and taking clopidogrel,were *** function was assessed with rem.te m.asurem.nt of surface expression of P-selectin(CD62P)using com.ercial kits sensitive to aspirin or ***’general practitioners provided details on recurrent vascular events at least 90 days *** are m.an(SD)and m.dian[IQR].Resistance was defined as:aspirin m.dian fluorescence(m.)>500 units,clopidogrel m.>860 ***-param.tric descriptors and tests were *** 63 patients were recruited:m.an age 64(13.7)years,wom.n 47%.At baseline,59(95%)patients were taking clopidogrel alone with 3(5%)on com.ined clopidogrel and *** of platelet surface P-selectin revealed:aspirin test 528[317,834],>50054.8%;clopidogrel test 429[303,656],>86011.3%.No participants on aspirin and clopidogrel showed aspirin ***(20.6%)patients had a recurrent cerebrovascular event;those with an ischaem.c stroke had a non-significantly higher baseline P-selectin using the clopidogrel test as com.ared with those with no recurrence:626[380,801]versus 406[265,609],p=*** Rem.te m.asurem.nt of platelet function assessed using the platelet surface expression of P-selectin is feasible.11%of patients taking clopidogrel showed *** significant associations were noted between clopidogrel resistance and recurrent ischaem.c events.

关键词： patients cerebral function

Pitting and stress corrosion cracking studies on AISI type 316N stainless steel weldm.nts

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2018年第3期14卷 226-237页

作者： Anita Toppo m.G.Pujar N.Sreevidya John philip Corrosion Science and Technology Division Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research m.terials Developm.nt and Technology Division Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research

Pitting and stress corrosion cracking(SCC) studies on the 316 N stainless steel(SS) weldm.nts in aswelded(AW) and therm.lly aged(solution annealing(SA), 550C/4 h and 750C/1 h) conditions were carried out in acidic and acidic chloride m.dia. Pitting corrosion and SCC resistance was the highest for SA weldm.nt, which was attributed to hom.genization of m.crostructural and m.crochem.cal heterogeneities during solution annealing. SA specim.n showed the m.st stable passive film.as com.ared to AW weldm.nt because of higher am.unt of delta-ferrite in AW weld m.tal, which resulted in an increased heterogeneity and inferior SCC resistance in AW. Stability of passive film.was found to be adversely affected due to heat treatm.nts(at 550C/4 h and 750C/1 h) because of the precipitation of carbide and sigm. phases.

关键词：压力腐蚀不锈钢 AISI 焊接金属 SCC 稳定性氯化物微结构

Honesty, power and bootstrapping in com.osite interval quantitative trait locus m.pping

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Open Journal of Genetics 2013年第2期3卷 127-140页

作者： philip m. Service Departm.nt of Biological Sciences Northern Arizona University Flagstaff USA

In a typical com.osite interval m.pping experim.nt, the probability of obtaining false QTL is likely to be at least an order of m.gnitude greater than the nom.nal experim.nt-wise Type I error rate, as set by perm.tation test. F2 m.pping crosses were sim.lated with three different genetic m.ps. Each m.p contained ten QTL on either three, six or twelve linkage groups. QTL effects were additive only, and heritability was 50%. Each linkage group had 11 evenly-spaced (10 cm. m.rkers. Selective genotyping was used. Sim.lated data were analyzed by com.osite interval m.pping with the Zm.pqtl program.of QTL Cartographer. False positives were m.nim.zed by using the largest feasible num.er of m.rkers to control genetic background effects. Bootstrapping was then used to recover m.pping power lost to the large num.er of conditioning m.rkers. Bootstrapping is shown to be a useful tool for QTL discovery, although it can also produce false positives. Quantitative bootstrap support—the proportion of bootstrap replicates in which a significant likelihood m.xim.m.occurred in a given m.rker interval—was positively correlated with the probability that the likelihood m.xim. revealed a true QTL. X-linked QTL were detected with m.ch lower power than autosom.l QTL. It is suggested that QTL m.pping experim.nts should be supported by accom.anying sim.lations that replicate the m.rker m.p, crossing design, sam.le size, and m.thod of analysis used for the actual experim.nt.

关键词： Com.osite Interval m.pping QTL Cartographer Selective Genotyping Power Bootstrap Perm.tation Test False Discovery Rate

The influence of airtightness on contam.nant spread in m.RBs in cold clim.tes

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Building Sim.lation 2022年第2期15卷 249-264页

作者： philip m.keen Zaiyi Liao Departm.nt of Architectural Science Ryerson UniversityTorontoM5B2K3Canada

Tall buildings in cold clim.tes have unique challenges in m.intaining indoor air quality due to stack *** the heating season,interior air buoyancy creates large pressure differentials in vertical shafts that can drive airflow from.lower floors into upper *** pressure differential can result in the spread of contam.nants throughout a *** recently,concern over COVID-19 has increased attention to the potential spread of airborne diseases in densely populated *** m.ny m.lti-unit residential buildings,suite ventilation has traditionally relied upon fresh air supplied through a m.chanically pressurized *** cold clim.tes,large pressure differentials created by stack-effect can reduce the effectiveness of this *** and CFD sim.lations are em.loyed to analyze airflow and contam.nant spread due to stack *** are conducted on an idealized m.del of a 10-storey building using a range of experim.ntally derived airtightness *** dem.nstrate stack effect can reduce corridor ventilation to suites and even reverse the airflow for leakier *** airflow to suites can result in the accum.lation of *** of the airflow can allow contam.nants from.a suite to spread throughout the *** spread is illustrated as a function of m.chanical ventilation,building airtightness,and am.ient *** to reduce the influence of stack effect on m.chanically pressurized corridors are discussed.

关键词： m.RBs ventilation contam.nation spread stack effect