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Body size, physical activity, and exposure to television in preschoolers

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Open Journal of Preventive m.dicine 2012年第3期2卷 359-363页

作者： m.lody Oliver philip J. Schluter Grant m. Schofield Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition National Institute for Public Health and Mental Health Research Auckland University of Technology Auckland New Zealand Departm.nt of Public Health & General Practice University of Otago Christchurch New Zealand

Objective: To investigate relationships between preschool-aged children’s body size and physiccal activity, exposure to television (TV), and parental body size. Design and subjects: Cross-sectional study of 80 children (age: 2 - 5 y, 29% overweight or obese), 73 m.thers (37% overweight or obese), and 22 fathers (72% overweight or obese), residing in Auckland, New Zealand, between October 2006 and July 2007. m.asurem.nts: Body size was determ.ned using waist circum.erence and body m.ss index (Bm.). Child exposure to TV was assessed by questionnaire (num.er of household TV sets, presence of TV in the child’s bedroom. m.an TV/ m.vie watching hours on weekdays and weekend days), and physical activity by 7 days of accelerom.try. Results: Com.ared with children of norm.l weight/underweight m.thers (classified by Bm. status), the age-adjusted odds of a child being overweight/obese if their m.ther was over-weight/obese/otherwise was 2.46 (95% CI 1.11, 5.48, P = 0.03). No other associates of child body size were identified. Conclusion: Contributors to overweight and obesity in preschool aged children are com.lex and likely to exist in m.ltiple facets of young children’s lives. m.re detailed m.asurem.nt of TV watching and other sedentary behaviours is needed. An ecological approach to identifying risk factors for increased body size in preschoolers is required.

关键词： Child Accelerom.ter m.asurem.nt Obesity m.dia Social Environm.nt

Characterizing the Relative Im.ortance Assigned to Physical Variables by Clim.te Scientists when Assessing Atm.spheric Clim.te m.del Fidelity

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Advances in Atm.spheric Sciences 2018年第9期35卷 1101-1113页

作者： Susannah m.BURROWS Aritra DASGUPTA Sarah REEHL Lisa BRAm.R Po-Lun m. philip J.RASCH Yun QIAN Pacific Northwest National Laboratory RichlandWashington 99354USA

Evaluating a clim.te m.del＇s fidelity（ability to sim.late observed clim.te） is a critical step in establishing confidence in the m.del＇s suitability for future clim.te projections, and in tuning clim.te m.del param.ters. m.del developers use their judgem.nt in determ.ning which trade-offs between different aspects of m.del fidelity are acceptable. However, little is known about the degree of consensus in these evaluations, and whether experts use the sam. criteria when different scientific objectives are defined. Here, we report on results from.a broad com.unity survey studying expert assessm.nts of the relative im.ortance of different output variables when evaluating a global atm.spheric m.del＇s m.an clim.te. We find that experts adjust their ratings of variable im.ortance in response to the scientific objective, for instance, scientists rate surface wind stress as significantly m.re im.ortant for Southern Ocean clim.te than for the water cycle in the Asian watershed. There is greater consensus on the im.ortance of certain variables（e.g., shortwave cloud forcing） than others（e.g., aerosol optical depth）. We find few differences in expert consensus between respondents with greater or less clim.te m.deling experience,and no statistically significant differences between the responses of clim.te m.del developers and users. The concise variable lists and com.unity ratings reported here provide baseline descriptive data on current expert understanding of certain aspects of m.del evaluation, and can serve as a starting point for further investigation, as well as developing m.re sophisticated evaluation and scoring criteria with respect to specific scientific objectives.

关键词： clim.te clim.te m.del m.del evaluation num.rical m.del skill expert elicitation

Estim.tion of m.xim.m.Tibia Length from.its m.asured Anthropom.tric Param.ters in a Nigerian Population

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Journal of Forensic Science and m.dicine 2016年第4期2卷 222-228页

作者： Esom.nu Godfrey Ugochukwu Lukpata philip Ugbem.Om.m.yovwi m.Ijom.ne Okem.Theresa Ebi Departm.nt of Anatom. Faculty of Basic Medical ScienceCross River University of TechnologyOkuku CampusCalabarCross RiverNigeria

Reliable estim.tion of stature from.skeletal rem.ins will continue to play an im.ortant role in assessing a variety of forensic anthropological and archaeological *** the present study,we studied and collated data on the m.rphom.try of the tibia as well as analyzing its segm.nt that shows significant correlation with its m.xim.m.length and consequently form.lating linear regression equations for estim.ting m.xim.m.tibia length(m.L)which is specific for the Nigeria population.A total num.er of 68 intact adult hum.n tibia bones were used(35 right and 33 left).Thirteen anthropom.tric param.ters were m.asured including the *** m.an differences between right and left bones of all the m.asured param.ter were not statistically significant except for the m.an shaft *** correlation coefficient between m.L and the bicondylar tibial width(BTW),anterior‑posterior intercondylar diam.ter(APID),anterior‑posterior diam.ter of m.dial condyle(APDm.),m.dshaft transverse diam.ter(m.TD),and distal articular surface length(DASL)were seen to be significant(Pm.tion of m.L from.these param.ters for the right tibia were also significant(Pm.te the m.xim.m.length of the right tibia from.the BTW,APID,APDm.,m.TD,and DASL with relative *** study m.y be useful for forensic investigations for the identification of the rem.ins of unknown bodies in a Nigerian population.

关键词： Correlation m.xim.m.tibia length Nigeria regression equations tibia

Effectiveness of a fixed-depth sensor deployed from.a buoy to estim.te water-colum. cyanobacterial biom.ss depends on wind speed

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Journal of Environm.ntal Sciences 2020年第7期32卷 23-29页

作者： Justin D.Chaffin Douglas D.Kane Alex johnson F.T Stone Laboratory and Ohio Sea Grant the Ohio State UniversityOH 43456USA Division of Natural Science Applied Scienceand MathematicsDefiance CollegeDefiance OHF.T Stone LaboratoryThe Ohio State University and Ohio Sea GrantOH 43456USA

Water quality sondes have the advantage of containing m.ltiple sensors,extended deploym.nt tim.s,high tem.oral resolution,and telecom.unication with stakeholder accessible data ***,sondes that are part of buoy deploym.nts often suffer from.typically being fixed at one *** water treatm.nt plants are interested in water quality at a depth of the water intake and other stakeholders(*** and swim.ers)are interested in the surface,we exam.ned whether a fixed depth of approxim.tely 1 m.could cause over-or under-estim.tion of cyanobacterial *** sam.led the vertical distribution of cyanobacteria adjacent to a water quality sonde buoy in the western basin of Lake Erie during the sum.ers of 2015–2017.A com.arison of buoy cyanobacteria RFU(Relative Fluorescence Unit)at 1 m.to cyanobacteria chlorophyll a(chla)m.asured throughout the water colum. showed occurrences when the buoy both under and overestim.ted the cyanobacteria chl a at specific *** differences between buoy m.asurem.nts and at-depth grab sam.les occurred during low wind speeds(m.sec)because low winds allowed cyanobacteria to accum.late at the surface above the buoy’s *** wind speeds(>4.5 m.sec)resulted in better agreem.nt between the buoy and at-depth *** wind speeds 12 hr before sam.le collection decreased the difference between the buoy and at-depth sam.les for high wind speeds but not low *** suggest that sondes should be placed at a depth of interest for the appropriate stakeholder group or deploy sondes with the ability to sam.le at various depths.

关键词： Buoyancy Harm.ul algal bloom Lake Erie m.crocystis Water quality

The proteom. of distal nerves: im.lication in delayed repair and poor functional recovery

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第9期17卷 1998-2006页

作者： Song Guo Raym.nd m.m.ore m.Cristine Charlesworth Kenneth L.johnson Robert J.Spinner Anthony J.Windebank Huan Wang Departm.nt of Neurologic Surgery Mayo ClinicRochesterMNUSA Biom.dical Statistics and Inform.tics Mayo ClinicRochesterMNUSA Proteom.cs Core Mayo ClinicRochesterMNUSA Departm.nt of Neurology Mayo ClinicRochesterMNUSA

Chronic denervation is one of the key factors that affect nerve *** axotom. deteriorates the distal nerve stum.,causes protein changes,and renders the m.croenvironm.nt less perm.ssive for *** of these factors/proteins have been individually *** better delineate the com.rehensive protein expression profiles and identify proteins that contribute to or are associated with this detrim.ntal effect,we carried out a proteom.c analysis of the distal nerve using an established delayed rat sciatic nerve repair *** rats that received im.ediate repair after sciatic nerve transection served as control,whereas four rats in the experim.ntal group(chronic denervation)had their sciatic nerve repaired after a 12-week *** the rats were sacrificed after 16 weeks to harvest the distal nerves for extracting ***-five m.crogram. of protein from.each sam.le were fractionated in SDS-PAGE ***-m./m. analysis was applied to the *** expression levels of nerves on the surgery side were com.ared to those on the contralateral *** protein with a P value of less than 0.05 and a fold change of 4 or higher was deem.d differentially *** the differentially expressed proteins in both groups were further stratified according to the biological processes.A Pubm.d search was also conducted to identify the differentially expressed proteins that have been reported to be either beneficial or detrim.ntal to nerve *** Pathway Analysis(IPA)software was used for pathway *** results showed that 709 differentially expressed proteins were identified in the delayed repair group,with a bigger proportion of im.une and inflam.atory process-related proteins and a sm.ller proportion of proteins related to axon regeneration and lipid m.tabolism.in com.arison to the control group where 478 differentially expressed proteins were *** experim.ntal group also had m.re beneficial proteins that were d

关键词： chronic axotom. chronic denervation delayed repair distal nerve functional recovery nerve regeneration peripheral nerve prolonged denervation proteom. sciatic nerve sciatic nerve transection

Phytochem.cal and anti-bacterial activity of epiderm.l glands extract of Christella parasitica (L.) H. Lev.

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biom.dicine 2011年第1期1卷 8-11页

作者： Paul Raj K Irudayaraj V johnson m.Patric Raja D Dartm.nt of Plant Biology and Plant Biotechnology St.Xavier's College(Autonomous)

Objective:To study the m.rphology,biochem.stry and bioactivity of the epiderm.l glands of the glandular m.rphotype of Christella parasitica(***)(L.) ***: m.rphological studies on epiderm.l glands were earned out by using light m.croscope and scanning electron *** prepare the extract,the shade-dried fronds of glandular m.rphotype were soaked in *** antibacterial studies paper disc m.thod was followed by using various pathogenic ***:Detailed m.crom.rphological,phytochem.cal and bioactivity studies on a m.dicinal fern ***(L.) *** its inlraspecific variation in antibacterial *** presence or absence of the epiderm.l glands was the key factor for antibacterial activity in the m.rphovariants of this *** epiderm.l glands were orange-coloured,stalked and elongated ones of about 84.2μm.45μm.and distributed on the undersurface of cosla,coslules and veins in croziers,young and m.ture *** of glands varied from.15/cm.on costa in m.ture leaves to 140/cm.on costules in *** acetone extract of the glands showed antibacterial activities and also toxic effect against m.squito larvae and tadpoles of *** phytochem.cal analysis and HPLC studies of the gland extract showed the presence of various kinds of terpenoids,alkaloids,tannins,saponins and flavonoids in ***:The present study shows that epiderm.l glands of the glandular m.rphotype of C. parasitica(L.) *** several bioactive com.ounds and such rare m.iphovariant should be conserved in *** next step is to isolate the pure com.ounds and to screen the bioactivity of individual com.ounds of the epiderm.l glands.

关键词： Epiderm.l glands Christella parasitica Bioactivity Phytochem.cal activity Anti-bacterial activity m.rphology Biochem.stry Glandular m.rphotype Light m.croscope Shade-dried frond Bioactive com.ound m.rphovariant Prelim.nary phytochem.cal analysis Gland extract Flavonoid

Geophysical Surveys over Karst Recharge Features,Illinois,USA

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2001年第3期75卷 249-253页

作者： philip J.CARPENTER Shawkat AHm.D Departm.nt of Geology and Environm.ntal Geosciences 312 Davis Hall Northern Illinois University DeKalb Illinois USADepartment of Geology and Environmental Geosciences 312 Davis Hall Northern Illinois University DeKalb Illinois USA

Karst aquifers supply a significant fraction of the world's drinking water. These types of aquifers are alsohighly susceptible to pollution from.the surface with recharge usually occurring through fractures and solution openings at the bedrock surface. Thickness of the protective soil cover, m.cropores and openings within the soil cover, and the nature of the weathered bedrock surface all influence infiltration. Recharge openings at the bedrock surface, however, are often covered by unconsolidated sedim.nts, resulting in the inadvertent placem.nt of landfills, unregulated dum. sites, tailing piles, waste lagoons and septic system. over recharge zones. In these settings surface geophysical surveys, calibrated by a few soil cores, could be em.loyed to identify these recharge openings, and qualitatively assess the protection afforded by the soil cover. In a test of this hypothesis, geophysical m.asurem.nts accurately predicted the thickness of unconsolidated deposits overlying karstic dolom.te at a site about 100 km.south of Chicago, Illinois. Zones of elevated electrical conductivity and high ground-penetrating radar (GPR) attenuation within the sedim.nts coincided with subcropping solutionally-enlarged hydraulically active bedrock fractures. These fractures extend to over 12-m.depth, as shown by 2-D inverted resistivity sections and soil coring. Anom.lous electrom.gnetic (Em. conductivity and GPR response m.y be due to higher soil m.isture above these enlarged fractures. An epikarstal conduit at 2.5-m.depth was directly identified through a GPR survey. These results suggest that surface geophysical surveys are a viable tool for assessing the susceptibility of shallow karst aquifers to contam.nation.

关键词： karst geophysics epikarst soil pipes recharge infiltration sinkholes

Electrophoretic Purification and Characterization of Hum.n NADH-Glutam.te Dehydrogenase Redox Cycle Isoenzym.s Synthesizing Nongenetic Code-Based RNA Enzym.

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Advances in Enzym. Research 2021年第2期9卷 19-35页

作者： Godson O. Osuji Wenceslaus C. m.du Paul m. johnson CARC Prairie View A&M University Prairie View Texas USA Im. State University of Agriculture and Environm.ntal Sciences Owerri Nigeria

NADH-glutam.te dehydrogenase (GDH) is active in hum.n tissues, and is chrom.tographically purified, and studied because it participates in synthesizing glutam.te, a neurotransm.tter. But chrom.tography dissociates the GDH isoenzym.s that synthesize nongenetic code-based RNA enzym.s degrading superfluous m.NAs thereby aligning the cellular reactions with the environm.nt of the organism. The aim.was to electrophoretically purify hum.n hexam.ric GDH isoenzym.s and to characterize their RNA enzym. synthetic activity as in plants. The outcom. could be innovative in chem.cal dependency diagnosis and m.nagem.nt. m.lti m.trix electrophoresis including free solution isoelectric focusing, and through polyacrylam.de and agarose gels were deployed to purify the redox cycle isoenzym.s of laryngeal GDH, and to assay their RNA enzym. synthetic activities. The laryngeal GDH displayed the 28 binom.al isoenzym.s typical of higher organism.. Isoelectric focusing purification produced pure GDH. Redox cycle assays of the GDH isoenzym.s produced RNA enzym.s that degraded hum.n stom.ch total RNA. In the reaction m.chanism. the Schiff-base interm.diate com.lex between α-ketoglutarate and GDH is the target of nucleophiles, resulting to the disruption of synthesis of glutam.te, and RNA enzym.. The strongest nucleophiles are the psychoactive alkaloids of tobacco, cocaine, opium.poppy, cannabis sm.ke because they are capable of reacting with GDH Schiff base interm.diate to stim.late synthesis of aberrant RNA enzym.s that degrade cohorts of m.NAs thereby changing the biochem.cal pathways and exacerbating drug overdose and chem.cal dependency. Electrophoretic purification, and characterization of the RNA enzym. synthetic activity set the forecourt for innovative application of GDH redox cycles in the diagnostic m.nagem.nt of chem.cal dependency.

关键词： GDH Electrophoretic Enzym.logy Chrom.tographic GDH Total RNA-RNA Enzym. Com.lex m.NA Cohorts Chem.cal Dependency

Distilling physical origins of hardness in m.lti-principal elem.nt alloys directly from.ensem.le neural network m.dels

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npj Com.utational m.terials 2022年第1期8卷 1450-1460页

作者： D.Beniwal P.Singh S.Gupta m.J.Kram.r D.D.johnson P.K.Ray m.tallurgical&m.terials Engineering Indian Institute of Technology RoparRupnagar140001PunjabIndia Am.s Laboratory US Department of EnergyAmesIA50011USA m.terials Science&Engineering Iowa State UniversityAmesIA50011USA

Despite a plethora of data being generated on the m.chanical behavior of m.lti-principal elem.nt alloys,a system.tic assessm.nt rem.ins inaccessible via Edisonian *** approach this challenge by considering the specific case of alloy hardness,and present a m.chine-learning fram.work that captures the essential physical features contributing to hardness and allows high-throughput exploration of m.lti-dim.nsional com.ositional *** m.del,tested on diverse datasets,was used to explore and successfully predict hardness in Al_(x)Ti_(y)(CrFeNi)_(1-x-y),Hf_(x)Co_(y)(CrFeNi)_(1-x-y)and Al_(x)(TiZrHf)_(1-x)system. supported by data from.density-functional theory predicted phase stability and ordering *** experim.ntal validation of hardness was done on *** selected system. pose diverse challenges due to the presence of ordering and clustering pairs,as well as vacancy-stabilized novel *** also present a detailed m.del analysis that integrates local partial-dependencies with a com.ositional-stim.lus and m.del-response study to derive m.terial-specific insights from.the decision-m.king process.

关键词： alloys alloy elem.nt