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Propeller-shaped NI isomers of cathode interfacial material for efficient organic solar cells

Nano Research 2024年第3期17卷 1564-1570页

作者： Hao Liu Jilei jiang Shuixing Dai Liangmin yu Xu Zhang Xianbiao Hou Ke Gao Heqing jiang Minghua Huang School of Materials Science and Engineering Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China Open Studio for Marine Corrosion and Protection Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdao 266100China Science Center for Material Creation and Energy Conversion Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary ScienceShandong UniversityQingdao 266237China Qingdao Key Laboratory of Functional Membrane Material and Membrane Technology Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266101China

Cathode interfacial materials(CIMs)stand as critical elemental in organic solar cells(OSCs),which can align energy levels,and foster ohmic contacts between the cathode and active layer of the ***,the lagging advancement in CIMs has concurrently engendered the oversight of theoretical inquiries pertaining to the impact of molecular structure on their *** into this realm,we present two propeller-shaped isomers,4,4',4''-(benzo[1,2-b:3,4-b':5,6-b'']trithiophene-2,5,8-triyl)tris(2-(3-(dimethylamino)propyl)-1H-benzo[de]isoquinoline-1,3(2H)-dione)(3ONIN)and 6,6',6''-(benzo[1,2-b:3,4-b':5,6-b'']trithiophene-2,5,8-triyl)tris(2-(3-(dimethylamino)propyl)-1H-benzo[de]isoquinoline-1,3(2H)-dione)(3PNIN),distinguished by their molecular planarity,as a promising foundation for crafting highly efficient *** study illuminates the superiority of 3PNIN with more plane structure,exemplified by its enhanced molar extinction coefficient,deeper lowest unoccupied molecular orbital(LUMO)and highest occupied molecular orbital(HOMO)energy levels,intensified self-doping effect,heightened electron mobility,and elevated conductivity,in comparison to its counterpart,*** a result,3PNIN and 3ONIN-treated OSC devices yield efficiencies of 17.73%and 16.82%,*** finding serves as a compelling validation of the critical role played by molecular planarity in influencing CIM performance.

关键词： propeller-shaped molecules naphthalimide(NI)isomers cathode interfacial materials organic solar cells

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Triboelectric nanogenerator integrated with a simple controlled switch for regularized water wave energy harvesting

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Nano Research 2024年第8期17卷 7585-7592页

作者： Hongbo Yang Xi Liang Junwu Kan Zhong lin Wang Tao jiang Zhanyong Hong College of Engineering Zhejiang Normal UniversityJinhua 321004China Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor Center for High-Entropy Energy and SystemsBeijing Institute of Nanoenergy and NanosystemsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 101400China The Beijing Key Laboratory for Nano-Photonics and Nano-Structure Department of PhysicsCapital Normal UniversityBeijing 100048China Guangzhou Institute of Blue Energy Guangzhou 510555China Georgia Institute of Technology AtlantaGA 30332-0245USA Yonsei Frontier Lab Yonsei UniversitySeoul 03722Republic of Korea

Ocean is full of low-frequency,irregular,and widely distributed wave energy,which is suitable as the energy source for maritime Internet of Things(IoTs).Utilizing triboelectric nanogenerators(TENGs)to harvest ocean wave energy and power sensors is proven to be an effective ***,in random ocean waves,the irregular electrical energy output by general TENGs restricts the *** present,achieving regularized water wave energy harvesting relies on rather complex mechanical structure designs,which is not conducive to *** this work,we proposed a novel mechanical controlled TENG(MCTENG)with a simple controlled switch to realize the regularization *** structural parameters of the MC-TENG are optimized,and the optimal output voltage,output current,and transferred charge respectively reach 1684.2 V,85.4μA,and 389.9 nC,generating a peak power density of 38.46 W·m^(−3)·Hz^(−1).Under real water wave environment,the output of the MC-TENG is regularized and keeps stable regardless of any wave ***,the potential applications of the MC-TENG are demonstrated in powering environmental temperature,humidity,and wind speed *** work renders a simple approach to achieve effective regularized ocean wave energy harvesting,promoting the TENG industrialization toward practical application of maritime IoTs.

关键词： water wave energy harvesting triboelectric nanogenerators random excitation mechanical control regular output

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Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio:Markers predicting immune-checkpoint inhibitor efficacy and immune-related adverse events

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2024年第3期16卷 577-582页

作者： Qiu-yu jiang Ru-Yi Xue Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Zhongshan HospitalShanghai Institute of Liver DiseaseFudan UniversityShanghai 200032China Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Shanghai Baoshan District Wusong Central Hospital(Zhongshan Hospital Wusong BranchFudan University)Shanghai 200940China

We conducted a comprehensive review of existing prediction models pertaining to the efficacy of immune-checkpoint inhibitor(ICI)and the occurrence of immune-related adverse events(irAEs).The predictive potential of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio(NLR)and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio(PLR)in determining ICI effectiveness has been extensively investigated,while limited research has been conducted on predicting ***,the combined model incor-porating NLR and PLR,either with each other or in conjunction with additional markers such as carcinoembryonic antigen,exhibits superior predictive capabilities compared to individual markers *** and PLR are promising markers for clinical *** models ought to incorporate established efficacious models and newly identified ones,thereby constituting a multifactor composite ***,efforts should be made to explore effective clinical application approaches that enhance the predictive accuracy and efficiency.

关键词： Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio Immunecheckpoint inhibitor Immune-related adverse event

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Fecal microbiota transplantation for irritable bowel syndrome:Current evidence and perspectives

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第16期30卷 2179-2183页

作者： Cong Dai yu-Hong Huang Min jiang Department of Gastroenterology First Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyang 110001Liaoning ProvinceChina

In this editorial we comment on the article published in the recent issue of the World journal of *** focus specifically on the mechanisms underlying the effects of fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT)for irritable bowel syndrome(IBS),the factors which affect the outcomes of FMT in IBS patients,and *** has emerged as a efficacious intervention for clostridium difficile infection and holds promise as a therapeutic modality for *** utilization of FMT in the treatment of IBS has undergone scrutiny in numerous randomized controlled trials,yielding divergent *** current frontier in this field seeks to elucidate these variations,underscore the existing knowledge gaps that necessitate exploration,and provide a guideline for successful FMT implementation in IBS *** the same time,the application of FMT as a treatment for IBS confronts several challenges.

关键词： Fecal microbiota transplantation Irritable bowel syndrome Microbiota Randomized controlled trial Meta-analysis

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Physical neural networks with self-learning capabilities

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第8期67卷 23-42页

作者： Weichao yu Hangwen Guo jiang Xiao Jian Shen State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Institute for Nanoelectronic Devices and Quantum Computing Fudan UniversityShanghai 200433China Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center Fudan UniversityShanghai 201210China Department of Physics Fudan UniversityShanghai 200433China Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences Shanghai 201315China Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing 210093China

Physical neural networks are artificial neural networks that mimic synapses and neurons using physical systems or *** networks harness the distinctive characteristics of physical systems to carry out computations effectively,potentially surpassing the constraints of conventional digital neural networks.A recent advancement known as“physical self-learning”aims to achieve learning through intrinsic physical processes rather than relying on external *** article offers a comprehensive review of the progress made in implementing physical self-learning across various physical *** learning strategies that contribute to the realization of physical self-learning are *** challenges in understanding the fundamental mechanism of learning,this work highlights the progress towards constructing intelligent hardware from the ground up,incorporating embedded self-organizing and self-adaptive dynamics in physical systems.

关键词： self-learning physical neural networks neuromorphic computing physical learning

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Status and trends of carbon emissions research at the county level in China

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2024年第2期15卷 338-352页

作者： Ang-Zu CAI Ru GUO yu-Hao ZHANG jiang WU College of Environmental Science and Engineering Institute of Environmental Planning and ManagementTongji UniversityShanghai 200092China Institute of Carbon Neutrality Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security Shanghai 200092China College of Architecture and Urban Planning Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China Megacity Elaborated Urban Governance Institute Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China

This study provides a comprehensive overview of the challenges to achieving carbon neutrality at the county level in China and offers targeted recommendations,laying the groundwork for future specialized research in this area.A total of 283 relevant studies(2004-2023)were analyzed to assess county-level carbon emissions through three phases:bibliometric analysis,frontier analysis,and future *** findings reveal that publication trends were largely influenced by domestic and foreign *** cluster discerns ten primary themes,ranging from conceptual frameworks to research *** frontier analysis of the literature highlights the leading research areas,which include carbon neutrality pathway,driving factors,spatiotemporal variation of carbon emissions,the co-effects of pollutants and carbon reduction,and carbon emissions in China's rural *** from the results of bibliometric and frontier analyses,this study elucidates the recommendations for achieving carbon neutrality at the county level from three perspectives:effective regional policy guidance,emphasis on ecological conservation,and the deployment of advanced carbon reduction and sequestration *** study enriches the body of knowledge on carbon emissions at the county level and holds significant implications for China's comprehensive push towards achieving its carbon neutrality objectives.

关键词： Carbon emissions Emission reduction County Carbon neutrality Sustainability

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Robust cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning via multi-view message certification

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2024年第4期67卷 131-145页

作者： Lei yuAN Tao jiang Lihe LI Feng CHEN Zongzhang ZHANG Yang yu National Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology Nanjing University Polixir Technologies

Many multi-agent scenarios require message sharing among agents to promote coordination,hastening the robustness of multi-agent communication when policies are deployed in a message perturbation environment. Major relevant studies tackle this issue under specific assumptions, like a limited number of message channels would sustain perturbations, limiting the efficiency in complex scenarios. In this paper,we take a further step in addressing this issue by learning a robust cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning via multi-view message certification, dubbed CroMAC. Agents trained under CroMAC can obtain guaranteed lower bounds on state-action values to identify and choose the optimal action under a worst-case deviation when the received messages are perturbed. Concretely, we first model multi-agent communication as a multi-view problem, where every message stands for a view of the state. Then we extract a certificated joint message representation by a multi-view variational autoencoder(MVAE) that uses a product-of-experts inference network. For the optimization phase, we do perturbations in the latent space of the state for a certificate guarantee. Then the learned joint message representation is used to approximate the certificated state representation during training. Extensive experiments in several cooperative multi-agent benchmarks validate the effectiveness of the proposed CroMAC.

关键词： multi-agent reinforcement learning robust communication adversarial training multi-view learning message certification

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Ferrihydrite transformation impacted by coprecipitation of lignin:Inhibition or facilitation?

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第5期139卷 23-33页

作者： lin Liu Zhihui Yang Weichun Yang Wen jiang Qi Liao Mengying Si Feiping Zhao School of Metallurgy and Environment Central South UniversityChangsha 410083China Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control&Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution(CNERC-CTHMP) Changsha 410083China

Lignin is a common soil organic matter that is present in soils,but its effect on the transformation of ferrihydrite(Fh)remains *** matter is generally assumed to inhibit Fh ***,lignin can reduce Fh to Fe(Ⅱ),in which Fe(Ⅱ)-catalyzed Fh transformation ***,the effects of lignin on Fh transformation were investigated at 75℃ as a function of the lignin/Fh mass ratio(0-0.2),pH(4-8)and aging time(0-96 hr).The results of Fh-lignin samples(mass ratios=0.1)aged at different pH values showed that for Fh-lignin the time of Fh transformation into secondary crystalline minerals was significantly shortened at pH 6 when compared with pure Fh,and the Fe(Ⅱ)-accelerated transformation of Fh was strongly dependent on *** pH 6,at low lignin/Fh mass ratios(0.05-0.1),the time of secondary mineral formation decreased with increasing lignin *** high lignosulfonate-content material(lignin:Fh=0.2),Fh did not transform into secondary minerals,indicating that lignin content plays a major role in Fh *** addition,lignin affected the pathway of Fh transformation by inhibiting goethite formation and facilitating hematite *** effect of coprecipitation of lignin on Fh transformation should be useful in understanding the complex iron and carbon cycles in a soil environment.

关键词： Ferrihydrite transformation Lignin Hematite Goethite Fe(Ⅱ)-catalyzed Reactive Fe(Ⅲ)species

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Experimental and theoretical investigation of sulfur-doped g-C_(3)N_(4)nanosheets/FeCo_(2)O_(4)nanorods S-scheme heterojunction for photocatalytic H_(2)evolution

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Nano Research 2024年第9期17卷 8007-8016页

作者： Haitao Wang Lianglang yu Jiahe Peng Jing Zou Weiping Gong Jizhou jiang School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering School of Environmental Ecology and Biological EngineeringKey Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering Process of Ministry of EducationEngineering Research Center of Phosphorus Resources Development and Utilization of Ministry of EducationNovel Catalytic Materials of Hubei Engineering Research CenterWuhan Institute of TechnologyWuhan 430205China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Electronic Functional Materials and Devices Huizhou UniversityHuizhou 516007China

g-C_(3)N_(4)emerges as a promising metal-free semiconductor photocatalyst due to its cost-effectiveness,facile synthesis,suitable visible light response,and robust thermal ***,its practical application in photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)is impeded by rapid carrier recombination and limited light absorption *** this study,we successfully develop a novel g-C_(3)N_(4)-based step-scheme(S-scheme)heterojunction comprising two-dimensional(2D)sulfur-doped g-C_(3)N_(4)nanosheets(SCN)and one-dimensional(1D)FeCo_(2)O_(4)nanorods(FeCo_(2)O_(4)),demonstrating enhanced photocatalytic HER *** engineered SCN/FeCo_(2)O_(4)S-scheme heterojunction features a well-defined 2D/1D heterogeneous interface facilitating directed interfacial electron transfer from FeCo_(2)O_(4)to SCN,driven by the lower Fermi level of SCN compared to FeCo_(2)O_(4).This establishment of electron-interacting 2D/1D S-scheme heterojunction not only facilitates the separation and migration of photogenerated carriers,but also enhances visible-light absorption and mitigates electron-hole pair *** structure analysis and density functional theory calculations corroborate that the carrier migration in the SCN/FeCo_(2)O_(4)photocatalyst adheres to a typical S-scheme heterojunction mechanism,effectively retaining highly reactive photogenerated ***,the optimized SCN/FeCo_(2)O_(4)heterojunction exhibits a substantially high hydrogen production rate of 6303.5μmol·g^(-1)·h^(-1)under visible light excitation,which is 2.4 times higher than that of the ***,the conjecture of the S-scheme mechanism is confirmed by in situ XPS *** 2D/1D S-scheme heterojunction established in this study provides valuable insights into the development of high-efficiency carbon-based catalysts for diverse energy conversion and storage applications.

关键词： g-C_(3)N_(4) FeCo_(2)O_(4) S-scheme heterojunction photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)

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Microstructure evolution,mechanical properties and fracture behavior of Al-xSi/AZ91D bimetallic composites prepared by a compound casting

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第5期12卷 1944-1964页

作者： Guangyu Li Wenming jiang Feng Guan Junwen Zhu Yang yu Zitian Fan State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die&Mould Technology School of Materials Science and EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China

In this paper,the effect of the Si content on microstructure evolution,mechanical properties,and fracture behavior of the Al-xSi/AZ91D bimetallic composites prepared by compound casting was investigated *** obtained results showed that all the Al-xSi/AZ91D bimetallic composites had a metallurgical reaction layer(MRL),whose thickness increased with increasing Si content for the hypoeutectic Al-Si/AZ91D composites,while the hypereutectic Al-Si/AZ91D composites were *** MRL included eutectic layer(E layer),intermetallic compound layer(IMC layer)and transition region layer(T layer).In the IMC layer,the hypereutectic Al-Si/AZ91D composites contained some Si solid solution and flocculent Mg_(2)Si+Al-Mg IMCs phases not presented in the hypoeutectic Al-Si/AZ91D ***,increasing Si content,the thickness proportion of the T layer increased,forming an inconsistent preferred orientation of the *** shear strengths of the Al-xSi/AZ91D bimetallic composites enhanced with increasing Si content,and the Al-15Si/AZ91D composite obtained a maximum shear strength of 58.6 MPa,which was 73.4% higher than the Al-6Si/AZ91D *** fractures of the Al-xSi/AZ91D bimetallic composites transformed from the T layer into the E layer with the increase of the Si *** improvement of the shear strength of the Al-xSi/AZ91D bimetallic composites was attributed to the synergistic action of the Mg_(2)Si particle reinforcement,the reduction of oxidizing inclusions and the ratio of Al-Mg IMCs as well as the orientation change of the MRL.

关键词： Al/Mg bimetallic composites Si content Mg_(2)Si reinforcement Microstructure Mechanical properties Fracture behavior

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