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The connection of phytoplankton biomass in the Marguerite Bay polynya of the western Antarctic Peninsula to the Southern Annular Mode

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2024年第1期43卷 35-47页

作者： ning jiang Zhaoru Zhang Ruifeng Zhang Chuning Wang Meng Zhou School of Oceanography Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Key Laboratory for Polar Science Polar Research Institute of ChinaMinistry of Natural ResourcesShanghai 200136China

Antarctic coastal polynyas are biological hotspots in the Southern Ocean that support the abundance of hightrophic-level predators and are important for carbon cycling in the high-latitude oceans.In this study,we examined the interannual variation of summertime phytoplankton biomass in the Marguerite Bay polynya(MBP)in the western Antarctic Peninsula area,and linked such variability to the Southern Annular Mode(SAM)that dominated the southern hemisphere extratropical climate variability.Combining satellite data,atmosphere reanalysis products and numerical simulations,we found that the interannual variation of summer chlorophyll-a(Chl-a)concentration in the MBP is significantly and negatively correlated with the spring SAM index,and weakly correlated with the summer SAM index.The negative relation between summer Chl-a and spring SAM is due to weaker spring vertical mixing under a more positive SAM condition,which would inhibit the supply of iron from deep layers into the surface euphotic layer.The negative relation between spring mixing and spring SAM results from greater precipitation rate over the MBP region in positive SAM phase,which leads to lower salinity in the ocean surface layer.The coupled physical-biological mechanisms between SAM and phytoplankton biomass revealed in this study is important for us to predict the future variations of phytoplankton biomasses in Antarctic polynyas under climate change.

关键词： Marguerite Bay polynya phytoplankton biomass Southern Annular Mode mixed layer depth interannual variation

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Ballistic performance of spherical fragments penetrating PCrNi3MoV target plates

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2024年第3期33卷 295-307页

作者： Dou Hong Wenbin Li Yu Zheng Yiming Li ning jiang Kebin Zhang Ministerial Key Laboratory of ZNDY Nanjing University of Science and TechnologyNanjingChina

PCrNi3MoV steel is a medium-carbon,low-alloy quenched and tempered steel that finds its applications in military gun barrels due to the high wear resistance and ablation resistance.To study the penetration and failure modes of PCrNi3MoV plates impacted by tungsten spheres,tungsten spheres of various diameters(5 mm,8 mm,and 10 mm)were used to impact PCrNi3MoV steel plates with thicknesses of 6 mm,9 mm,and 14 mm.The penetration performance of the spheres was analyzed for different velocities,and the ultimate penetration velocity of the plate was obtained.It was found that the primary failure modes of the PCrNi3MoV plate were compression pitting failure and shear failure.Using the dimensional analysis method,a relationship between the bulge height of the steel plate and the fragment velocity,an equation for the ultimate penetration velocity,and a relationship between the target penetration energy and the fragment velocity were obtained.Then,a projectile-target action index was proposed to describe the process of tungsten spheres with different velocities impacting target plates.The results suggested that under the same thickness of the target plate,a larger-diameter fragment required more kinetic energy to obtain the same ultimate penetration effect as a smaller-diameter fragment.The equations obtained through dimensional analysis predicted values that agreed well with experimental values,indicating that these equations can be applied to engineering applications.

关键词： Impact damage Ultimate penetration velocity Bulge height Target penetration energy Failure modes

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On-chip spiking neural networks based on add-drop ring microresonators and electrically reconfigurable phase-change material photonic switches

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Photonics Research 2024年第4期12卷 755-766页

作者： QIANG ZHANG ning jiang YIQUN ZHANG ANRAN LI HUANHUAN XIONG GANG HU YONGSHENG CAO KUN QIU School of Information and Communication Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu 611731China

We propose and numerically demonstrate a photonic computing primitive designed for integrated spiking neural networks (SNNs) based on add-drop ring microresonators (ADRMRs) and electrically reconfigurable phasechange material (PCM) photonic switches. In this neuromorphic system, the passive silicon-based ADRMR,equipped with a power-tunable auxiliary light, effectively demonstrates nonlinearity-induced dual neural dynamics encompassing spiking response and synaptic plasticity that can generate single-wavelength optical neural spikes with synaptic weight. By cascading these ADRMRs with different resonant wavelengths, weighted multiple-wavelength spikes can be feasibly output from the ADRMR-based hardware arrays when external wavelengthaddressable optical pulses are injected;subsequently, the cumulative power of these weighted output spikes is utilized to ascertain the activation status of the reconfigurable PCM photonic switches. Moreover, the reconfigurable mechanism driving the interconversion of the PCMs between the resonant-bonded crystalline states and the covalent-bonded amorphous states is achieved through precise thermal modulation. Drawing from the thermal properties, an innovative thermodynamic leaky integrate-and-firing (TLIF) neuron system is proposed. With the TLIF neuron system as the fundamental unit, a fully connected SNN is constructed to complete a classic deep learning task:the recognition of handwritten digit patterns. The simulation results reveal that the exemplary SNN can effectively recognize 10 numbers directly in the optical domain by employing the surrogate gradient algorithm. The theoretical verification of our architecture paves a whole new path for integrated photonic SNNs, with the potential to advance the field of neuromorphic photonic systems and enable more efficient spiking information processing.

关键词： neural networks precise

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Post-transcriptional regulation of grain weight and shape by the RBP-A-J-K complex in rice

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2024年第1期66卷 66-85页

作者： Ding Ren Hui Liu Xuejun Sun Fan Zhang Ling jiang Ying Wang ning jiang Peiwen Yan Jinhao Cui Jinshui Yang Zhikang Li Pingli Lu Xiaojin Luo State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and MOE Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology School of Life SciencesFudan UniversityShanghai 200438China State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement School of Life SciencesHenan UniversityKaifeng 475004China MOE Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Genetic Breeding College of AgronomyJiangxi Agricultural UniversityNanchang 330045China State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding Institute of Crop SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS)Beijing 100081China College of Agronomy Anhui Agricultural UniversityHefei 230036China

RNA-binding proteins(RBPs)are components of the post-transcriptional regulatory system,but their regulatory effects on complex traits remain unknown.Using an integrated strategy involving map-based cloning,functional characterizations,and transcriptomic and population genomic analyses,we revealed that RBP-K(LOC_Os08g23120),RBP-A(LOC_Os11g41890),and RBP-J(LOC_Os10g33230)encode proteins that form an RBP-A-J-K complex that negatively regulates rice yield-related traits.Examinations of the RBP-A-J-K complex indicated RBP-K functions as a relatively non-specific RBP chaperone that enables RBP-A and RBP-J to function normally.Additionally,RBP-J most likely affects GA pathways,resulting in considerable increases in grain and panicle lengths,but decreases in grain width and thickness.In contrast,RBP-A negatively regulates the expression of genes most likely involved in auxin-regulated pathways controlling cell wall elongation and carbohydrate transport,with substantial effects on the rice grain filling process as well as grain length and weight.Evolutionarily,RBP-K is relatively ancient and highly conserved,whereas RBP-J and RBP-A are more diverse.Thus,the RBP-A-J-K complex may represent a typical functional model for many RBPs and protein complexes that function at transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels in plants and animals for increased functional consistency,efficiency,and versatility,as well as increased evolutionary potential.Our results clearly demonstrate the importance of RBP-mediated post-transcriptional regulation for the diversity of complex traits.Furthermore,rice grain yield and quality may be enhanced by introducing various complete or partial loss-of-function mutations to specific RBP genes using clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats(CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 technology and by exploiting desirable natural tri-genic allelic combinations at the loci encoding the components of the RBP-A-J-K complex through marker-assisted selection.

关键词： GL11 grain weight and shape post-transcriptional regulation RNA-binding proteins

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Genome-Wide Exploration of the Grape GLR Gene Family and Differential Responses of VvGLR3.1 and VvGLR3.2 to Low Temperature and Salt Stress

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2024年第3期93卷 533-549页

作者： Honghui Sun Ruichao Liu Yueting Qi Hongsheng Gao Xueting Wang ning jiang Xiaotong Guo Hongxia Zhang Chunyan Yu The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry Ludong UniversityYantai264025China College of Agriculture Ludong UniversityYantai264025China

Grapes,one of the oldest tree species globally,are rich in vitamins.However,environmental conditions such as low temperature and soil salinization signiﬁcantly affect grape yield and quality.The glutamate receptor(GLR)family,comprising highly conserved ligand-gated ion channels,regulates plant growth and development in response to stress.In this study,11 members of the VvGLR gene family in grapes were identiﬁed using whole-genome sequence analysis.Bioinformatic methods were employed to analyze the basic physical and chemical properties,phylogenetic trees,conserved domains,motifs,expression patterns,and evolutionary relationships.Phylogenetic and collinear analyses revealed that the VvGLRs were divided into three subgroups,showing the high conservation of the grape GLR family.These members exhibited 2 glutamate receptor binding regions(GABAb and GluR)and 3-4 transmembrane regions(M1,M2,M3,and M4).Real-time quantitative PCR analysis demonstrated the sensitivity of all VvGLRs to low temperature and salt stress.Subsequent localization studies in Nicotiana tabacum veriﬁed that VvGLR3.1 and VvGLR3.2 proteins were located on the cell membrane and cell nucleus.Additionally,yeast transformation experiments conﬁrmed the functionality of VvGLR3.1 and VvGLR3.2 in response to low temperature and salt stress.Theseﬁndings highlight the signiﬁcant role of the GLR family,a highly conserved group of ion channels,in enhancing grape stress resistance.This study offers new insights into the grape GLR gene family,providing fundamental knowledge for further functional analysis and breeding of stress-resistant grapevines.

关键词： Genome-wide identiﬁcation glutamate receptor(GLR)family low temperature stress salt stress grape

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Intermediate-mass black holes in Green pea galaxies (IMBH-GP) I:A candidate sample from LAMOST and SDSS

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年

作者： Ruqiu Lin Zhen-Ya Zheng Fang-Ting Yuan Jun-Xian Wang Chunyan jiang ning jiang Lingzhi Wang Linhua jiang Xiang Ji Shuairu Zhu Xiaodan Fu Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Astronomy and Space Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences CAS Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology Department of Astronomy University of Science and Technology of China Chinese Academy of Sciences South America Center for Astronomy (CASSACA) National Astronomical ObservatoriesChinese Academy of Sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics Peking University Department of Astronomy School of Physics Peking University

The scaling relation of central massive black holes (MBHs) and their host galaxies is well-studied for supermassive BHs (SMBHs,MBH≥10～6M⊙).However,this relation has large uncertainties in the mass range of the intermediate-mass BHs (IMBHs,MBH～10～3-10～6M⊙).Since Green pea （GP） galaxies are luminous compact dwarf galaxies,which may be likely to host less massive SMBHs or even IMBHs,we systematically search for MBHs in a large sample of 2190 GP galaxies at z<0.4,selected from LAMOST and SDSS spectroscopic surveys.Here,we report a newly discovered sample of 59 MBHcandidates with broad Hα lines.This sample has a median stellar mass of 108.83±0.11M⊙and hosts MBHs with single-epoch virial masses ranging from MBH～104.7to 108.5M⊙(median 105.85±0.64M⊙).Among the 59 MBHcandidates,36 have black hole masses MBH≤10～6M⊙(IMBHcandidates),one of which even has MBH10～5M⊙.We find that the MBH-M*relation of our MBHsample is consistent with the MBH-Mbulgerelation for SMBHs,while is above the MBH-M*relation for MBHs in dwarf galaxies in the same mass range.Furthermore,we show that 25 MBHcandidates,including 4 IMBHcandidates,have additional evidence of black hole activities,assessed through various methods such as the broad-line width,BPT diagram,mid-infrared color,X-ray luminosity,and radio emission.Our studies show that it is very promising to find IMBHs in GP galaxies,and the BH sample so obtained enables us to probe the connection between the MBHs and compact dwarf galaxies in the low-redshift Universe.

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Targeting NRP1 axis as a strategy for treating energy metabolism impairment induced by SARS-CoV-2 spike

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Science China Life Sciences 2024年

作者： Lihui Zhang Wanting Hu Jingxuan Li Yuehan Li Feng Liu Wenyi Xiao ning jiang Zhiyong Xiao Lu Han Wenxia Zhou Beijing Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures Beijing Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology School of Chinese Materia Medica Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine

Dear Editor,Free spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 alone can cause abnormal energy metabolism(Table S1 in Supporting Information), and limited research suggested a potential correlation between spike-induced mitochondrial damage and the ACE2 receptor(Lei et al., 2021; Yang et al., 2023). In order to further explore the mechanisms involved, we observed that the wild-type S1 protein of SARS-CoV-2 exerts a more potent inhibitory effect on host cell ATP compared to the wild-type S protein, S2protein, the Omicron variant S1 protein and HCoV-NL63 S1protein in HLMVEC and 293T cell lines(Figure 1A and B),indicating the importance of exploring the mechanism by which the S1 protein causes ATP decrease. Meanwhile, the S1protein did not lead to significant changes in cellular lactate levels, indicating that its primary mechanism involves impairing oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondrial damage(Figure 1C and D).

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南极冰间湖浮游植物生物量和生物生产力时空特征及影响因素研究进展

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极地研究 2024年第2期36卷 266-285页

作者：江宁张召儒上海交通大学海洋学院上海200240 自然资源部极地科学重点实验室中国极地研究中心(中国极地研究所)上海200136

南极冰间湖在气候变化中和生态系统环境中扮演着重要角色。本文通过回顾南极罗斯海、阿蒙森海、松岛和默茨等4个冰间湖浮游植物生物量和生产力的时空分布特征和变化规律、物理环境参数和气候模态对冰间湖中叶绿素a和浮游植物水华开始及... 详细信息

南极冰间湖在气候变化中和生态系统环境中扮演着重要角色。本文通过回顾南极罗斯海、阿蒙森海、松岛和默茨等4个冰间湖浮游植物生物量和生产力的时空分布特征和变化规律、物理环境参数和气候模态对冰间湖中叶绿素a和浮游植物水华开始及持续时间的影响,得出以下几点结论:(1)罗斯海冰间湖是南极近海生物生产力最高的区域,占南大洋总生产力的28%;阿蒙森海和松岛冰间湖在37个南极冰间湖生态系统中单位面积的生产力最高;默茨冰间湖浮游植物生物量年际变化明显。(2)海冰密集度、风速和云量等物理参数与浮游植物生物量变化密切相关,其相关关系的季节性和地域特征明显。海冰密集度主要通过改变冰间湖开放水域的面积来影响可到达海表的光合有效辐射;风速通过影响水体的垂直混合强度来改变营养盐及浮游植物的垂向输运;云量对冰间湖生态系统的影响是可见光强度及紫外线辐射量之间平衡的结果。(3)在部分冰间湖,浮游植物生物量的年际变化同调控南半球高纬度气候的主要模态,如南半球环状模和半年振荡等存在显著相关性。未来工作可结合长期卫星遥感观测、现场观测和数值模拟,进一步开展气候模态对冰间湖浮游植物生物量年际变化的物理-生态耦合机制、冰间湖生态系统生产力各个尺度变异规律和机制等的深入探究,从而更好地认知极地关键海区的生物地球化学循环过程及其气候效应。

关键词：南极冰间湖浮游植物生物量时空特征环境变量气候模态

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Saliency detection of infrared image based on region covariance and global feature

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Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics 2018年第3期29卷 483-490页

作者： LIU Songtao jiang ning LIU Zhenxing jiang Kanghui Department of Information Operation Dalian Naval Academy

In order to better represent infrared target features under different environments, a saliency detection method based on region covariance and global feature is proposed. Firstly, the region covariance features on different scale spaces and different image regions are extracted and transformed into sigma features,then combined with central position feature, the local salient map is generated. Next, a global salient map is generated by gray contrast and density estimation. Finally, the saliency detection result of infrared images is obtained by fusing the local and global salient maps. The experimental results show that the salient map of the proposed method has complete target features and obvious edges,and the proposed method is better than the state of art method both qualitatively and quantitatively.

关键词： saliency detection region covariance gray contrast density estimation

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植物纤维增强聚合物基复合材料湿热老化研究进展

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材料导报 2024年第2期38卷 241-248页

作者：张儒姜宁徐家川李迪山东理工大学交通与车辆工程学院山东淄博255000

植物纤维具有材料成本低、来源丰富、可再生、可生物降解、比强度和比模量高等优点,以植物纤维代替合成纤维作为增强体制备的绿色复合材料引起了学术界和工业界的普遍关注,并初步应用于汽车、建筑、航空航天等领域。与传统合成纤维相比... 详细信息

植物纤维具有材料成本低、来源丰富、可再生、可生物降解、比强度和比模量高等优点,以植物纤维代替合成纤维作为增强体制备的绿色复合材料引起了学术界和工业界的普遍关注,并初步应用于汽车、建筑、航空航天等领域。与传统合成纤维相比,植物纤维自身的多层次、多尺度结构和与生俱来的亲水性使得其增强聚合物基复合材料在服役过程中容易受水分和温度的影响,引起力学性能下降,可能导致整个结构的破损甚至失效,从而阻碍其应用和发展。近年来,学者们对植物纤维增强聚合物基复合材料湿热老化进行了相关的研究。本文从复合材料吸水行为、影响复合材料吸水的因素、湿热老化对复合材料力学性能的影响、复合材料界面失效机理、复合材料湿热老化机理和化学处理对复合材料湿热老化的影响等几个方面综述了国内外植物纤维增强聚合物基复合材料湿热老化研究现状,希望为研究植物纤维增强聚合物基复合材料湿热老化的学者提供参考。

关键词：植物纤维复合材料湿热老化老化机理

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