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Methods,Mechanisms,and Application Prospects for Enhancing Extracellular Vesicle Uptake

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Current Medical Science 2024年第2期44卷 247-260页

作者： Ying-peng XU Tao jiang Xiao-fan yang Zhen-bing chen department of Hand Surgery Union HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430022China

Extracellular vesicles(EVs)are considered to be a new generation of bioinspired nanoscale drug delivery systems due to their low immunogenicity,natural functionality,and excellent ***,limitations such as low uptake efficiency,insufficient production,and inhomogeneous performance undermine their *** address these issues,numerous researchers have put forward various methods and applications for enhancing EV uptake in recent *** this review,we introduce various methods for the cellular uptake of EVs and summarize recent advances on the methods and mechanisms for enhancing EV *** addition,we provide further understanding regarding enhancing EV uptake and put forward prospects and challenges for the development of EV-based therapy in the future.

关键词： extracellular vesicles exosomes extracellular vesicle uptake extracellular vesiclebased therapy

Advances in the study of gastric organoids as disease models

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2024年第5期16卷 1725-1736页

作者： Yi-yang Liu De-Kun Wu Ji-bing chen You-Ming Tang Feng jiang Graduate School Guangxi University of Chinese MedicineNanning 530011Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous RegionChina Teaching Experiment and Training Center Guangxi University of Chinese MedicineNanning 530011Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous RegionChina Central Laboratory Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese MedicineNanning 530011Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous RegionChina department of Digestive Disease Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese MedicineNanning 530011Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous RegionChina AIDS Research Center Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese MedicineNanning 530011Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous RegionChina

Gastric organoids are models created in the laboratory using stem cells and sophisticated three-dimensional cell culture *** models have shown great promise in providing valuable insights into gastric physiology and advanced disease *** review comprehensively summarizes and analyzes the research advances in culture methods and techniques for adult stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived organoids,and patient-derived *** potential value of gastric organoids in studying the pathogenesis of stomach-related diseases and facilitating drug screening is initially *** construction of gastric organoids involves several key steps,including cell extraction and culture,three-dimensional structure formation,and functional *** the structure and function of the human stomach by disease modeling with gastric organoids provides a platform to study the mechanism of gastric cancer induction by Helicobacter *** addition,in drug screening and development,gastric organoids can be used as a key tool to evaluate drug efficacy and toxicity in preclinical *** can also be used for precision medicine according to the specific conditions of patients with gastric cancer,to assess drug resistance,and to predict the possibility of adverse ***,despite the impressive progress in the field of gastric organoids,there are still many unknowns that need to be addressed,especially in the field of regenerative ***,the reproducibility and consistency of organoid cultures are major challenges that must be *** challenges have had a significant impact on the development of gastric ***,as technology continues to advance,we can foresee more comprehensive research in the construction of gastric *** research will provide better solutions for the treatment of stomach-related diseases and personalized medicine.

关键词： Organoids Stomach neoplasms Helicobacter pylori Drug evaluation Preclinical Precision

Protective and Adverse Roles of DDX3X in Different Cell Types in Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Progression

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Research 2024年第3期6卷 561-574页

作者： Suzhen yang Lin Zhou Tianming Zhao Hanlong Zhu Tingting Luo Kang jiang Xiaoxiao Shi Chunyan chen Han Zhang Si Zhao Xiaoping Zou Yuzheng Zhuge Fangyu Wang Lei Wang Mingzuo jiang bing Xu department of Gastroenterology the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolJiangsuNanjing210002China. department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology the Affiliated Jinling Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolJiangsuNanjing210002China School of Medicine Northwest UniversityShaanxiXi’an710069China. department of Gastroenterology Nanjing Drum Tower HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical CollegeJiangsuNanjing210008China.

Persistent hepatic cellular metabolic stress and liver inflammatory stimuli are key signatures of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH).DDX3X is a vital molecule involved in cell fate decisions in both pro-survival stress granule(SG)and pro-death NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3(NLRP3)inflammasome assembly in response to stress ***,the role of DDX3X in NASH remains *** characterized the cell type-specific roles of DDX3X in *** liver tissues from NASH patients and normal control subjects were collected to assess DDX3X expression and *** steatohepatitis models were constructed by feeding macrophage-specific DDX3X knockout(DDX3^(XΔMφ)),hepatocyte-specific DDX3X knockout(DDX3X^(Δhep)),and wild-type control(DDX3X^(fl/fl))mice a high-fat and high-cholesterol(HFHC)diet,a methionine-and choline-deficient(MCD)diet,and a high-fat/high-iron/high-fructose/high-cholesterol,low-methionine,and choline-deficient(HFHIHFHC-MCD)*** study demonstrated that DDX3X was predominantly expressed in macrophages and hepatocytes in control liver tissues,and its expression was down-regulated in patients or mice with *** to DDX3X^(fl/fl) littermates,DDX3^(XΔMφ)mice showed improved liver histology in nutritional steatohepatitis *** of macrophage DDX3X inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis,causing anti-inflammatory M2 polarization and alleviating hepatocyte steatohepatitic ***3X^(Δhep) mice developed marked steatohepatitis in multiple nutritional steatohepatitis models compared to DDX3X^(fl/fl) ***3X-deleted hepatocytes showed impaired SG assembly,leading to increased sensitivity and intolerance to metabolic stimulation and resultant *** conclusion,DDX3X plays opposite roles in different cell types during the progression of NASH.A better understanding of the cell-specific differences in the crosstalk between SG formation and NLRP3 activation is crucial for developing pr

关键词： NLRP3 impaired inhibited

The radiative decay of scalar glueball from lattice QCD

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Science china(Physics,Mechanics & astronomy) 2024年第11期67卷 63-74页

作者： Jintao Zou Long-cheng Gui Ying chen Wen Qin Jian Liang Xiangyu jiang Yibo yang department of Physics Hunan Normal University and Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Structures and Quantum Control of Ministry of EducationChangsha 410081China Synergetic Innovation Center for Quantum Effects and Applications(SICQEA) Hunan Normal UniversityChangsha 410081China Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Key Laboratory of Atomic and Subatomic Structure and Quantum Control(MOE) Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Structure and Fundamental Interactions of MatterInstitute of Quantum MatterSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhou 510006China Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Quantum Matter Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nuclear ScienceSouthern Nuclear Science Computing CenterSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhou 510006China CAS Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics Institute of Theoretical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Physical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China International Centre for Theoretical Physics Asia-Pacific Beijing 100190China School of Fundamental Physics and Mathematical Sciences Hangzhou Institute for Advanced StudyUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesHangzhou 310024China

We perform the first lattice QCD study on the radiative decay of the scalar glueball to the vector mesonφin the quenched *** calculations are carried out on three gauge ensembles with different lattice spacings,which enable us to do the continuum *** first revisit the radiative J/ψdecay into the scalar glueball G and obtain the partial decay widthΓ(J/ψ→γG)=0.578(86)keV and the branching fraction Br(J/ψ→γG)=6.2(9)×10^(-3),which are in agreement with the previous lattice *** then extend the similar calculation to the process G→γφand get the partial decay widthΓ(G→γφ)=0.074(47)keV,which implies that the combined branching fraction of J/ψ→γG→γγφis as small as O(10^(-9))such that this process is hardly detected by the BESⅢexperiment even with the large J/ψsample of O(10^(10)).With the vector meson dominance model,the two-photon decay width of the scalar glueball is estimated to beΓ(G→γγ)=0.53(46)e V,which results in a large stickiness S(G)~O(10^(4))of the scalar glueball by assuming the stickiness of f_(2)(1270)to be one.

关键词： lattice QCD scalar glueball radiative decay

Basic Survey Scheduling for the Wide Field Survey Telescope(WFST)

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Research in astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第1期24卷 59-69页

作者： Yan-Peng chen Ji-An jiang Wen-Tao Luo Xian-Zhong Zheng Min Fang Chao yang Yuan-Yu Hong Zong-Fei Lü Purple Mountain Observatory Chinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210023China School of astronomy and Space Science University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China department of astronomy University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China National Astronomical Observatory of Japan National Institutes of Natural Sciences2-21-1 OsawaMitakaTokyo 181-8588Japan Institute of Deep Space Sciences Deep Space Exploration LaboratoryHefei 230026China

Aiming at improving the survey efficiency of the Wide Field Survey Telescope, we have developed a basic scheduling strategy that takes into account the telescope characteristics, observing conditions, and weather conditions at the Lenghu site. The sky area is divided into rectangular regions, referred to as “tiles,” with a size of2°. 577 × 2°. 634 slightly smaller than the focal area of the mosaic CCDs. These tiles are continuously filled in annulars parallel to the equator. The brightness of the sky background, which varies with the moon phase and distance from the moon, plays a significant role in determining the accessible survey fields. Approximately 50connected tiles are grouped into one block for observation. To optimize the survey schedule, we perform simulations by taking into account the length of exposures, data readout, telescope slewing, and all relevant observing conditions. We utilize the Greedy Algorithm for scheduling optimization. Additionally, we propose a dedicated dithering pattern to cover the gaps between CCDs and the four corners of the mosaic CCD array, which are located outside of the 3° field of view. This dithering pattern helps to achieve relatively uniform exposure maps for the final survey outputs.

关键词： telescopes surveys Moon

Security of quantum key distribution with virtual mutually unbiased bases

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Science china(Physics,Mechanics & astronomy) 2024年第7期67卷 13-21页

作者： Hong-Wei Li chen-Peng Hao Zhi-jiang chen Li Gong Yi-Fei Lu yang Wang Jia-Ji Li Chun-Mei Zhang Rong Wang Zhen-Qiang Yin Qing-Yu Cai Henan Key Laboratory of Quantum Information and Cryptography SSF IEUZhengzhou 450000China Institute of Quantum Information and Technology Nanjing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsNanjing 210003China department of Physics University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China Key Laboratory of Quantum Information University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China School of Information and Communication Engineering Hainan UniversityHaikou 570228China

In a perfect quantum key distribution(QKD)protocol,quantum states should be prepared and measured with mutually unbiased bases(MUBs).However,in a practical QKD system,quantum states are generally prepared and measured with imperfect MUBs using imperfect devices,possibly reducing the secret key rate and transmission *** analyze the security of a QKD system with imperfect MUBs,we propose virtual MUBs to characterize the quantum channel against collective attack,and analyze the corresponding secret key rate under imperfect state preparation and measurement *** generally,we apply the advantage distillation method for analyzing the security of QKD with imperfect MUBs,where the error tolerance and transmission distance can be sharply *** analysis method can be applied to benchmark and standardize a practical QKD system,elucidating the security analysis of different QKD protocols with imperfect devices.

关键词： quantum key distribution mutually unbiased bases advantage distillation

Production and test of sPHENIX W/SciFiber electromagnetic calorimeter blocks in china

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2024年第8期35卷 167-176页

作者： Xiao‑Zhou Yu Xi‑yang Wang Wei‑Hu Ma Shi‑Hong Fu Peng‑Fei Sun Jin‑Xing Song Wan‑bing He yang Shen Long Ma Jin‑Hui chen Huan‑Zhong Huang Si‑Guang Wang Jing Zhou Xiao‑Mei Li Institute of Modern Physics Fudan UniversityShanghai 200433China Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion‑Beam Application(MOE) Fudan UniversityShanghai 200433China Science and Technology on Nuclear Data Laboratory China Institute of Atomic EnergyBeijing 102413China department of Physics and astronomy University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90095USA State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology School of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China

The sPHENIX experiment is a new generation of large acceptance detectors at the relativistic heavy ion collider at Brookhaven National Laboratory,with scientific goals focusing on probing the strongly interacting Quark–Gluon plasma with hard probes of jets,open heavy flavor particles,andγ*** EMCal detector,which covers the pseudo-rapidity region of|η|≤1.1,is an essential subsystem of *** this study,we focused on producing and testing EMCal blocks covering a pseudo-rapidity of|η|∈[0.8,1.1].These,in conjunction with the central pseudo-rapidity EMCal blocks,significantly enhance the sPHENIX physics capability of the jet andγparticle *** this paper,the detector module production and testing of sPHENIX W-powder/scintillating fiber(W/ScFi)electromagnetic calorimeter blocks are *** selection of the tungsten powder,mold fabrication,QA procedures,and cosmic ray test results are discussed.

关键词： sPHENIX Tungsten/scintillating fiber electromagnetic calorimeter Cosmic ray test

FAST Observations of Four Comets to Search for the Molecular Line Emissions between 1.0 and 1.5 GHz Frequencies

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Research in astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第10期24卷 130-140页

作者： Long-Fei chen Chao-Wei Tsai Jian-yang Li Bin yang Di Li Yan Duan Chih-Hao Hsia Zhichen Pan Lei Qian Donghui Quan Xue-Jian jiang Xiaohu Li Ruining Zhao Pei Zuo School of Physics and Electronic Science Guizhou Normal UniversityGuiyang 550025China Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Radio astronomy and Data Processing Guiyang 550025China Research Center for Astronomical Computing Zhejiang LaboratoryHangzhou 311100China National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Institute for Frontiers in astronomy and Astrophysics Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 102206China Key Laboratory of Radio astronomy and Technology Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China School of Atmospheric Sciences Sun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai 519082China Núcleo de Astronomía Facultad de Ingenieríay CienciasUniversidad Diego PortalesChile department of astronomy College of Physics and Electronic EngineeringQilu Normal UniversityJinan 250200China department of Electronic and Optical Engineering Space Engineering UniversityBeijing 101416China Laboratory for Space Research Faculty of ScienceThe University of Hong KongHong Kong(SAR)China Xinjiang Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of SciencesUrumqi 830011China CAS Key Laboratory of Optical astronomy National Astronomical ObservatoriesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China School of astronomy and Space Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

We used the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope(FAST)to search for the molecular emissions in the L-band between 1.0 and 1.5 GHz toward four comets,C/2020 F3(NEOWISE),C/2020 R4(ATLAS),C/2021 A1(Leonard),and 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko during or after their perihelion *** of molecular transition lines fall in this low-frequency range,many attributed to complex organic or prebiotic *** conducted a blind search for the possible molecular lines in this frequency range in those comets and could not identify clear signals of molecular emissions in the *** several molecules have been detected at high frequencies of greater than100 GHz in comets,our results confirm that it is challenging to detect molecular transitions in the L-band frequency *** non-detection of L-band molecular lines in the cometary environment could rule out the possibility of unusually strong lines,which could be caused by the masers or non-LTE *** the line strengths are predicted to be weak,for FAST,using the ultra-wide bandwidth receiver and improving the radio frequency interference environments would enhance the detectability of those molecular transitions at low frequencies in the future.

关键词： astrochemistry ISM:molecules comets:general line:identification

Frontiers in high entropy alloys and high entropy functional materials

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Rare Metals 2024年第10期43卷 4639-4776页

作者： Wen-Tao Zhang Wen Huang Fu-Jie Yu Qi Zhao Xin-Dong Zhu Tao Feng Yao jiang Xiao-Ming Li Xue-Fei Miao He Zhu Si Lan Xue-Qian Wang Bao-Long Shen Zhe Jia Feng-Qi Zhang Wei Wang Qi Liu yang Ren Xun-Li Wang Xiao-Ya Cui Xiao-yang Wang Ya-Nan chen bing-bing Fan Meng-Ru Li Qi-Long Gao Jia-Ming Guo Zeng-Bao Jiao Zhi-Min Guo Yu-Ping Zhao Qian Yu Rui Huang Ling-Kun Zhang Yi-Ping Lu Xu-Bo Li Huai-Jun Lin Yan Ma Wei-Ming yang Zhi-Hua Shen Hai-Yan He Yong-Gang Sun Yong-jiang Huang De-Zhuang Wang Qing-Feng Liu Fei-yang Wang Hui Liu Hong-Hui Wu Li-Qiang Wang yang Lu Nan Wang Tian-Li Wang Wei-bing Liao Yi-Han Wang Yuan Wu Yu-Zhen Yin Jie Pan Yi Zhang Qing Wang Jian-yang Zhang Tao yang Yasir Sohail Jin-Yu Zhang Hua Ji Qiang Li Wei-Di Liu Zhi-Gang chen Xiong-Jun Liu Wen Ma Liang Mao Zhen-Duo Wu School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology jiangsu Key Laboratory for Advanced Metallic Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Southeast University department of Physics City University of Hong Kong School of Materials Science and Engineering Tianjin University School of Physics and Microelectronics Zhengzhou University department of Mechanical Engineering Research Institute for Advanced Manufacturing The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Center of Electron Microscopy and State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Key Laboratory of Solidification Control and Digital Preparation Technology (Liaoning Province) School of Materials Science and Engineering Dalian University of Technology Institute of Advanced Wear & Corrosion Resistance and Functional Materials Jinan University School of Mechanics and Civil Engineering China University of Mining and Technology School of Physical Sciences Great Bay University School of Materials Science andEngineering Harbin Institute of Technology State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering College of Chemical Engineering Nanjing Tech University Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering Research Institute for Carbon Neutrality University of Science and Technology Beijing department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Hong Kong School of Computing Macquarie University Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering Shenzhen University State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials University of Science and Technology Beijing State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology School of Materials Science and Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Institute of materials Shanghai University department of Materials Science and Engineering C

Owing to their exceptional properties, high-entropy alloys(HEAs) and high-entropy materials have emerged as promising research areas and shown diverse applications. Here,the recent advances in the field are comprehensively reviewed,organized into five sections. The first section introduces the background of HEAs, covering their definition, significance,application prospects, basic properties, design principles, and microstructure. The subsequent section focuses on cutting-edge high-entropy structural materials, highlighting developments such as nanostructured alloys, grain boundary engineering,eutectic systems, cryogenic alloys, thin films, micro-nano-lattice structures, additive manufacturing, high entropy metallic glasses, nano-precipitate strengthened alloys, composition modulation, alloy fibers, and refractory systems. In the following section, the emphasis shifts to functional materials, exploring HEAs as catalysts, magneto-caloric materials, corrosion-resistant alloys, radiation-resistant alloys, hydrogen storage systems, and materials for biomedicine. Additionally, the review encompasses functional high-entropy materials outside the realm of alloys, including thermoelectric, quantum dots, nanooxide catalysts, energy storage materials, negative thermal expansion ceramics,and high-entropy wave absorption materials. The paper concludes with an outlook, discussing future directions and potential growth areas in the field. Through this comprehensive review,researchers, engineers, and scientists may gain valuable insights into the recent progress and opportunities for further exploration in the exciting domains of high-entropy alloys and functional materials.

关键词： Cutting-edge structural materials Cutting-edgefunctional materials High entropy alloys