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Normalized glandular dose coefficients for digital breast tomosynthesis using detailed Chinese breast models

Nuclear Science and Techniques 2024年第5期35卷 42-59页

作者： jia-Hao Wang Rui qiu An-Kang Hu Ye-qi Liu Zhen Wu Hui Zhang Jun-Li Li Department of Engineering Physics Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Key Laboratory of Particle and Radiation Imaging Ministry of EducationTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Joint Institute of Tsinghua University Nuctech Company Limited BeijingBeijing 100084China

The rise in breast cancer diagnoses among Chinese women has necessitated the use of X-ray breast screening,which carries a radiation *** study aimed to provide a dosimetry protocol for the Chinese female population to replace the traditional standard that utilizes simplified breast models,for the accurate estimation of the mean glandular dose of a patient undergoing digital breast tomosynthesis(DBT).The first set of detailed Chinese female breast models and representative breast parameters was *** backscatter radiation and computational efficiency,we improved the combination of these models and the Chinese reference adult female whole-body voxel *** acquisition for four commercial DBT systems that are widely employed in China was simulated using the Monte Carlo method to obtain the normalized glandular dose coefficients of DBT(D_(gN)^(DBT))and the glandular depth dose(D_(g)^(dep)(z))for different breast characteristics and X-ray *** calculated a series of D_(gN)^(DBT) values for breasts with different percentage mass glandularities(5%,25%,50%,75%,and 100%)and compressed breast thicknesses(2,3,4,5,6,and 7 cm)at various tube potentials(25,28,30,32,35,and 49 kV)and target/filter combinations(W/Rh,W/Al,Mo/Mo,Rh/Rh,and Rh/Ag).The parameter dependence of the breast characteristics and beam conditions on D_(gN)^(DBT) in detailed breast models was *** D_(gN)^(DBT) results were 14.6-51.0%lower than those of the traditional dosimetry standard in *** difference in D_(gN)^(DBT) was mainly due to a decrease in the depth of the main energy deposition area caused by the glandular distribution along the depth *** results obtained in this study may be used to improve breast dosimetry in China and provide more detailed information on risk assessment during DBT.

关键词： Digital breast tomosynthesis Normalized glandular dose coefficients Detailed breast model Monte Carlo simulation

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Parity-dependent skin effects and topological properties in the multilayer nonreciprocal Su−Schrieffer−Heeger structures

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Frontiers of physics 2024年第3期19卷 115-133页

作者： jia-Rui Li Cui jiang Han Su Di qi Lian-Lian Zhang Wei-jiang Gong College of Sciences Northeastern UniversityShenyang 110819China Basic Department Shenyang Institute of EngineeringShenyang 110136China

We concentrate on the skin effects and topological properties in the multilayer non-Hermitian Su−Schrieffer−Heeger (SSH) structure, by taking into account the nonreciprocal couplings between the different sublattices in the unit cells. Following the detailed demonstration of the theoretical method, we find that in this system, the skin effects and topological phase transitions induced by nonreciprocal couplings display the apparent parity effect, following the increase of the layer number of this SSH structure. On the one hand, the skin effect is determined by the parity of the layer number of this SSH system, as well as the parity of the band index of the bulk states. On the other hand, for the topological edge modes, such an interesting parity effect can also be observed clearly. Next, when the parameter disorders are taken into account, the zero-energy edge modes in the odd-layer structures tend to be more robust, whereas the other edge modes are easy to be destroyed. In view of these results, it can be ascertained that the findings in this work promote to understand the influences of nonreciprocal couplings on the skin effects and topological properties in the multilayer SSH lattices.

关键词： multilayer SSH lattice nonreciprocal couplings band structure skin effect

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Preparation of maximally-entangled states with multiple cat-state qutrits in circuit QED

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Frontiers of physics 2024年第3期19卷 239-251页

作者： Chui-Ping Yang jia-Heng Ni Liang Bin Yu Zhang Yang Yu qi-Ping Su Department of Physics Hangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhou 311121China School of Physics Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210093China Institute for Quantum Science and Technology University of CalgaryAlberta T2N 1N4Canada

In recent years,cat-state encoding and high-dimensional entanglement have attracted much ***,previous works are limited to generation of entangled states of cat-state qubits(two-dimensional entanglement with cat-state encoding),while how to prepare entangled states of cat-state qutrits or qudits(high-dimensional entanglement with cat-state encoding)has not been *** here propose to generate a maximally-entangled state of multiple cat-state qutrits(three-dimensional entanglement by cat-state encoding)in circuit *** entangled state is prepared with multiple microwave cavities coupled to a superconducting flux ququart(a four-level quantum system).This proposal operates essentially by the cavity-qutrit dispersive *** circuit hardware resource is minimized because only a coupler ququart is *** higher intermediate level of the ququart is occupied only for a short time,thereby decoherence from this level is greatly suppressed during the state ***,the state preparation time does not depend on the number of the qutrits,thus it does not increase with the number of the *** an example,our numerical simulations demonstrate that,with the present circuit QED technology,the high-fidelity preparation is feasible for a maximally-entangled state of two cat-state ***,we numerically analyze the effect of the inter-cavity crosstalk on the scalability of this *** proposal is universal and can be extended to accomplish the same task with multiple microwave or optical cavities coupled to a natural or artificial four-level atom.

关键词： maximally-entangled states cat state qutrit circuit QED

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Synergistic effects of multiscale TiC and dual-phase structure on tensile properties of particle-reinforced steel

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research(International) 2024年第5期31卷 1232-1245页

作者： Ye jia Xiang-tao Deng qi Wang Cheng-ru Li Hao Wu Zhao-dong Wang State Key Laboratory of Rolling and Automation Northeastern UniversityShenyang110819LiaoningChina

The conventional melting methods were used to obtain in situ TiC particle-reinforced dual-phase steel,followed by hot rolling and heat treatment *** aim was to investigate the effect of TiC particles on the fracture behavior of dual-phase steel at different annealing temperatures,by analyzing the microstructure and tensile behavior of the multiscale TiC particle-reinforced dual-phase *** results showed that TiC particles precipitated in the as-cast microstructure of dual-phase steel were distributed along the grain *** hot rolling,the grain boundary-like morphology of the micron-sized TiC particles was disrupted,and the particles became more refined and evenly distributed in the *** tensile tests revealed that the strength of the TiC particle-reinforced dual-phase steel increased with increasing martensite content,while the elongation *** results were similar to those of conventional *** addition of 1 vol.%multiscale TiC particles improved the strength of the dual-phase steel but did not affect elongation of the *** and holes were primarily concentrated around the TiC particles rather than at the interface of martensite and *** main causes of crack sprouting were TiC particle interface cracking and TiC particle internal ***,the study demonstrated the potential of multiscale TiC particle-reinforced dual-phase steel as a strong and tough *** refined distribution of TiC particles in the matrix improved the strength of the material without compromising its *** results also highlighted the importance of careful selection of reinforcement particles to avoid detrimental effects on the fracture behavior of the material.

关键词： TiC particle Dual-phase structure TiC-reinforced dual-phase steel Tension Fracture behavior

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Efficacy and safety of Yiqi Peiyuan granules for improving the short-term prognosis of patients with acute kidney injury:A multicenter,double-blind,placebo-controlled,randomized trial

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2024年第3期22卷 279-285页

作者： jia-jia Wu Tian-yi Zhang Ying-hui qi Min-yan Zhu Yan Fang Chao-jun qi Li-ou Cao Ji-fang Lu Bo-han Lu Lu-min Tang jian-xiao Shen Shan Mou Department of Nephrology Molecular Cell Lab for Kidney DiseaseShanghai Peritoneal Dialysis Research CenterUremia Diagnosis and Treatment CenterRenji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghai 200127China Department of Nephrology Shanghai Pudong New Area Punan HospitalShanghai 200125China Department of Nephrology Ningbo Hangzhou Bay HospitalNingbo 315336Zhejiang ProvinceChina

Background:Yiqi Peiyuan(YQPY)prescription,a composite prescription of traditional Chinese medicine,has been used to prevent or delay the continued deterioration of renal function after acute kidney injury(AKI)in some institutions and has shown considerable ***:This is the first randomized controlled trial to assess efficacy and safety of YQPY for improving short-term prognosis in adult patients with ***,setting,participants and interventions:This is a prospective,double-blind,multicenter,randomized,and placebo-controlled clinical trial.A total of 144 enrolled participants were randomly allocated to two groups according to a randomization ***,caregivers and investigators assessing the outcomes were blinded to group *** in the YQPY group received 36 g YQPY granules twice a day for 28 *** in the placebo group received a placebo in the same dose as the YQPY *** outcome measures:The primary outcome was the change in the estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR)between baseline and after 4 and 24 weeks of *** secondary outcomes were the change of serum creatinine(Scr)level between baseline and after treatment,and the incidence of endpoint events,defined as eGFR increasing by more than 25%above baseline,eGFR>75 mL/min per1.73 m2or the composite endpoint,which was defined as the sum of patients meeting either of the above ***:Data from a total of 114 patients(59 in the YQPY group and 55 in the control group)were *** mean changes in eGFR and Scr in weeks 4 and 24 had no difference between the two *** further subgroup analysis(22 in the YQPY group and 31 in the control group),the mean change in eGFR after treatment for 4 weeks was 27.39 mL/min per 1.73 m2in the YQPY group and 5.78 mL/min per1.73 m2in the placebo group,and the mean difference between groups was 21.61 mL/min per 1.73 m2(P<0.001).Thirteen(59.1%)patients in the YQPY group and 5(16.1%)in the placebo g

关键词： Chinese herbal medicine Randomized controlled trial Acute kidney injury Renal function

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Enhanced carbon capture with motif-rich amino acid loaded defective robust metal-organic frameworks

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Nano Research 2024年第3期17卷 2004-2010页

作者： qi-Ye Ju jia-jia Zheng Li Xu Hai-Yan jiang Zi-qian Xue Lu Bai Yang-Yang Guo Ming-Shui Yao Ting-Yu Zhu State Key Laboratory of Multi-phase Complex Systems CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and EngineeringBeijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean ProcessInstitute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Nanoscience National Center for Nanoscience and TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Rare Earths University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Ganjiang Innovation Academy Chinese Academy of SciencesGanzhou 341000China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences Kyoto UniversityInstitute for Advanced StudyKyoto UniversityYoshidaUshinomiya-choSakyokuKyoto 606-8501Japan

The use of metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)as solid adsorption materials for carbon capture is promising,but achieving efficient and reversible adsorption with a balance of capacity and selectivity for carbon dioxide(CO_(2))over N_(2) remains a *** take full advantage of the strong channel traffic and robustness of MOFs with relatively small pores,it is highly necessary to employ a defect-engineering strategy to construct a broader channel structure that can facilitate the loading of functional motif-rich amino acids(AAs).This strategy can greatly enhance the CO_(2) adsorption performance of *** this study,motif-rich amino acids are loaded into the defective and robust porous frameworks via combined defect-engineering and post-synthetic *** defective Zr/Hf-MOF-808s modified with AAs,especially for the 18 mol%4-nitroisophthalic acid,generated defective products allowing for the loading of L-serine(L-Ser).This modification resulted in a significant improvement in both the adsorption capacity(248%improvement at 298 K,100 kPa)and the selectivity of CO_(2)/N_(2) using the ideal adsorbed solution theory(IAST),with the selectivity increasing to 120.55 and 38.27 at 15 and 100 kPa,respectively,while maintaining good cycling *** functional theory(DFT)simulation,CO_(2) temperature-programmed desorption(CO_(2)-TPD),and in situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)were further employed to have a better understanding of the enhanced CO_(2) adsorption ***,unlike the AAs loaded pristine MOF-808s that showed the best CO_(2) adsorption capacity with the loading of short and small glycine(Gly),the broadened channel size in our work enables the loading of functional motif-rich L-serine,which brings more active binding sites,improving CO_(2) adsorption.

关键词： carbon capture and storage metal-organic framework(MOF) amino acids(AAs) defect-engineering motif-rich

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Chiral quantum heating and cooling with an optically controlled ion

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第7期13卷 1393-1400页

作者： Jin-Tao Bu jian-qi Zhang Ge-Yi Ding jia-Chong Li jia-Wei Zhang Bin Wang Wen-qiang Ding Wen-Fei Yuan Liang Chen qi Zhong Ali Keçebaş Şahin KÖzdemir Fei Zhou Hui Jing Mang Feng State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics Wuhan Institute of Physics and MathematicsInnovation Academy of Precision Measurement Science and TechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences430071 WuhanChina. University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences 100049 BeijingChina. Research Center for Quantum Precision Measurement Guangzhou Institute of Industry Technology511458 GuangzhouChina. Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics and Materials Research InstitutePennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkState CollegePA 16802USA. Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Structures and Quantum Control of Ministry of Education Department of Physics and Synergetic Innovation Center for Quantum Effects and ApplicationsHunan Normal University410081 ChangshaChina. Department of Physics Zhejiang Normal University321004 JinhuaChina

Quantum heat engines and refrigerators are open quantum systems,whose dynamics can be well understood using a non-Hermitian formalism.A prominent feature of non-Hermiticity is the existence of exceptional points(EPs),which has no counterpart in closed quantum *** has been shown in classical systems that dynamical encirclement in the vicinity of an EP,whether the loop includes the EP or not,could lead to chiral mode ***,we show that this is valid also for quantum systems when dynamical encircling is performed in the vicinity of their Liouvillian EPs(LEPs),which include the effects of quantum jumps and associated noise—an important quantum feature not present in previous *** demonstrate,using a Paul-trapped ultracold ion,the first chiral quantum heating and refrigeration by dynamically encircling a closed loop in the vicinity of an *** witness the cycling direction to be associated with the chirality and heat release(absorption)of the quantum heat engine(quantum refrigerator).Our experiments have revealed that not only the adiabaticity breakdown but also the Landau–Zener–Stückelberg process play an essential role during dynamic encircling,resulting in chiral thermodynamic *** observations contribute to further understanding of chiral and topological features in non-Hermitian systems and pave a way to exploring the relation between chirality and quantum thermodynamics.

关键词： quantum chiral dynamical

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Microstructural evolution and deformation behavior of friction stir welded twin-induced plasticity steel

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2024年第2期169卷 68-81页

作者： Ke qiao Kuaishe Wang jia Wang Zhengyang Hao Yating Xiang Peng Han Jun Cai qi Yang Wen Wang School of Metallurgical Engineering National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Functional Materials ProcessingXi’an University of Architecture and TechnologyXi’an 710055China Shanghai Research Institute of Materials Shanghai 200437China

The weldability of twin-induced plasticity(TWIP)steel with ultra-high strength via friction stir welding(FSW)technique was investigated,and microstructural evolution and deformation behavior of whole and micro-zones of FSW TWIP joint were studied for the first *** results showed that the content of recrystallized grains in the stir zone(SZ)increased from 10.5%of basal material(BM)to 14.2%,and that of heat affected zone(HAZ)increased to 78.6%.The percentage of annealing twins decreased from 26.8%in BM to 11%in SZ,while increased to 35%in *** with the BM,the ultimate tensile strength and yield strength of the FSW joint increased to 1036 and 550 MPa,respectively,reaching 106.7%and 110.9%of BM,*** elongation of the entire joint was 50.5%,which was lower than that of BM due to the nonuniform deformation during the tensile *** engineering strain was mainly concentrated in BM and SZ and transferred to each other during the tensile test,while the engineering strain in HAZ was always the ***,the tensile fracture occurred in the *** order of ultimate tensile strength of micro-zones in the FSW joint was as follows:HAZ>BM≈*** order of yield strength was as follows:HAZ>BM>SZ.

关键词： Twin-induced plasticity steel Friction stir welding Microstructure Mechanical property Deformation behavior

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Deep insight of unique phase transition behaviors and mechanism in Zr_(2)Co-H isotope system with ultra-low equilibrium pressure

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Rare Metals 2024年第1期43卷 212-224页

作者： Yang Liu Pan-Pan Zhou Xue-Zhang Xiao jia-Cheng qi jia-Peng Bi Tiao Ying Xing-Wen Feng Yan Shi Wen-Hua Luo Li-Xin Chen State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials School of Materials Science and EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China Institute of Materials China Academy of Engineering PhysicsMianyang 621907China Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Applications for Batteries of Zhejiang Province Hangzhou 310013China

Efficient capture,safe storage and release of tritium from the international thermonuclear experimental reactor(ITER) reaction exhaust gas is a perplexing problem,and the development of an efficient tritium-getter material with ultra-low hydrogenation equilibrium pressure is considered as a reliable *** this work,Zr_(2)Co alloy was selected as a tritium-getter material and prepared through induction levitation *** performance test results show that Zr_(2)Co exhibits an ultra-low hydrogenation equilibrium pressure of 3.22 × 10^(-6) Pa at 25℃ and excellent hydriding kinetics under a low hydrogen pressure of 0.005 ***,unique phase transition behaviors were presented in Zr_(2)Co-H ***,Zr_(2)CoH_(5) formed by Zr_(2)Co hydrogenated at room temperature is initially decomposed into ZrH_(2) and ZrCoH_(3) at200 ℃.With the temperature increasing to 350 ℃,ZrCoH_(3)is dehydrogenated to ZrCo,and then ZrCo further reacts with ZrH_(2) at 650 ℃ to reform Zr_(2)Co and *** the staged phase transition pathways during dehydrogenation,the decomposition of Zr_(2)CoH_(5) occurs preferentially,which is well accordance with both the smallest reaction energy barrier and the maximum reaction spontaneity that are determined respectively from kinetics activation energy and thermodynamics Gibbs free ***,first principles calculation results indicate that the stronger binding of hydrogen in interstitial environments of ZrCoH_(3)and ZrH_(2) triggers the hydrogen-stabilized phase transformation of Zr_(2)CoH_(5).The unique phase transition mechanisms in Zr_(2)Co-H system can shed light on the further exploration and regulation of analogous staged phase transition of hydrogen storage materials.

关键词： Zr_(2)Co alloy Tritium-getter materials Ultralow equilibrium hydrogen pressure Phase transition mechanism

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Neuroprotective effects of chaperone-mediated autophagy in neurodegenerative diseases

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第6期19卷 1291-1298页

作者： qi jia Jin Li Xiaofeng Guo Yi Li You Wu Yuliang Peng Zongping Fang Xijing Zhang Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine and Department of Intensive Care Unit Xijing Hospital The Fourth Military Medical University Department of Critical Care Medicine Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital School of Medicine Tongji University

Chaperone-mediated autophagy is one of three types of autophagy and is characterized by the selective degradation of proteins. Chaperone-mediated autophagy contributes to energy balance and helps maintain cellular homeostasis, while providing nutrients and support for cell survival. Chaperone-mediated autophagy activity can be detected in almost all cells, including neurons. Owing to the extreme sensitivity of neurons to their environmental changes, maintaining neuronal homeostasis is critical for neuronal growth and survival. Chaperone-mediated autophagy dysfunction is closely related to central nervous system diseases. It has been shown that neuronal damage and cell death are accompanied by chaperone-mediated autophagy dysfunction. Under certain conditions, regulation of chaperone-mediated autophagy activity attenuates neurotoxicity. In this paper, we review the changes in chaperone-mediated autophagy in neurodegenerative diseases, brain injury, glioma, and autoimmune diseases. We also summarize the most recent research progress on chaperone-mediated autophagy regulation and discuss the potential of chaperone-mediated autophagy as a therapeutic target for central nervous system diseases.

关键词： chaperone-mediated autophagy neurodegenerative disease neuronal homeostasis neuroprotection

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