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Downscaling Seasonal Precipitation Forecasts over East Africa with Deep Convolutional Neural Networks

Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第3期41卷 449-464页

作者： Temesgen Gebremariam ASFAW jing-jia LUO Institute for Climate and Application Research(ICAR)/CIC-FEMD/KLME/ILCEC Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China Institute of Geophysics Space Science and Astronomy Addis Ababa UniversityAddis Ababa 1176Ethiopia

This study assesses the suitability of convolutional neural networks(CNNs) for downscaling precipitation over East Africa in the context of seasonal forecasting. To achieve this, we design a set of experiments that compare different CNN configurations and deployed the best-performing architecture to downscale one-month lead seasonal forecasts of June–July–August–September(JJAS) precipitation from the Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Climate Forecast System version 1.0(NUIST-CFS1.0) for 1982–2020. We also perform hyper-parameter optimization and introduce predictors over a larger area to include information about the main large-scale circulations that drive precipitation over the East Africa region, which improves the downscaling results. Finally, we validate the raw model and downscaled forecasts in terms of both deterministic and probabilistic verification metrics, as well as their ability to reproduce the observed precipitation extreme and spell indicator indices. The results show that the CNN-based downscaling consistently improves the raw model forecasts, with lower bias and more accurate representations of the observed mean and extreme precipitation spatial patterns. Besides, CNN-based downscaling yields a much more accurate forecast of extreme and spell indicators and reduces the significant relative biases exhibited by the raw model predictions. Moreover, our results show that CNN-based downscaling yields better skill scores than the raw model forecasts over most portions of East Africa. The results demonstrate the potential usefulness of CNN in downscaling seasonal precipitation predictions over East Africa,particularly in providing improved forecast products which are essential for end users.

关键词： East Africa seasonal precipitation forecasting downscaling deep learning convolutional neural networks(CNNs)

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Numerical analysis of the correlation between fluid dynamic modes and hydrodynamic noise in flows around a three-dimensional circular cylinder

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2024年第1期36卷 119-129页

作者： jia-jia Qin ming-xin Zou Yuan Zhuang De-cheng Wan Computational Marine Hydrodynamics Lab(CMHL) School of Naval ArchitectureOcean and Civil EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240China Wuhan Second Ship Design and Research Institute Wuhan430205China

The flow around a circular cylinder for Re=1000 is characterized by flow separation and Karman vortex street.The typical flow features can be captured to study the correlation between fluid fields and sound fields.In this paper,the three-dimensional circular cylinder is taken as the research object,and the probes of surface fluctuating pressure and far field sound pressure are arranged every 10°.The directional diagram and the coherence of fluctuating pressure and sound pressure are analyzed.The relationship between the flow mode and hydrodynamic noise is studied by using dynamic mode decomposition(DMD).The characteristics of the dipole and quadrupole sound source term of a long span cylinder are studied.The results show that at the angles between 30°–120°and 190°–350°,the fluctuating pressure contributes more to the generation of dipole sounds.The quadrupole sound source shows three-dimensional effects,which is more obvious in a cylinder with large spanwise length.

关键词： Pressure coherence dynamic mode decomposition flow-sound correlation circular cylinder

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Detection of LAMA2 c.715C>G:p.R239G mutation in a newborn with raised creatine kinase: A case report

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2024年第14期12卷 2445-2450页

作者： jing Yuan Xiang-ming Yan Department of Pediatric Children’s Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215025Jiangsu ProvinceChina Department of Surgery Children's Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215000Jiangsu ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND We report a rare case of primary clinical presentation featuring elevated creatine kinase(CK)levels in a neonate,which is associated with the LAMA2 gene.In this case,a heterozygous mutation in exon5 of the LAMA2 gene,c.715C>G(resulting in a change of nucleotide number 715 in the coding region from cytosine to gua-nine),induced an amino acid alteration p.R239G(No.239)in the patient,repre-senting a missense mutation.This observation may be elucidated by the neonatal creatine monitoring mechanism,a phenomenon not previously reported.CASE SUMMARY We analysed the case of a neonate presenting solely with elevated CK levels who was eventually discharged after supportive treatment.The chief complaint was identification of increased CK levels for 15 d and higher CK values for 1 d.Ad-mission occurred at 18 d of age,and despite prolonged treatment with creatine and vitamin C,the elevated CK levels showed limited improvement.Whole exo-me sequencing revealed the presence of a c.715C>G mutation in LAMA2 in the newborn,correlating with a clinical phenotype.However,the available informa-tion offers insufficient evidence for clinical pathogenicity.CONCLUSION Mutations in LAMA2 are associated with the clinical phenotype of increased neonatal CK levels,for which no specific treatment exists.Whole genome sequen-cing facilitates early diagnosis.

关键词： Creatine kinase LAMA2 Gene mutation Neonate Case report

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A prognostic four-gene signature and a therapeutic strategy for hepatocellular carcinoma:Construction and analysis of a circRNA-mediated competing endogenous RNA network

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2024年第3期23卷 272-287页

作者： Hai-Yan Zhang jia-Jie Zhu Zong-ming Liu Yu-Xuan Zhang jia-jia Chen Ke-Da Chen Zhejiang Chinese Medical University Hangzhou 310053China Shulan International Medical College Zhejiang Shuren UniversityHangzhou 310015China State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases National Clinical Research Center for Infectious DiseasesNational Medical Center for Infectious DiseasesCollaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious DiseasesThe First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 310009China

Background:Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)has a poor long-term prognosis.The competition of circular RNAs(circRNAs)with endogenous RNA is a novel tool for predicting HCC prognosis.Based on the alterations of circRNA regulatory networks,the analysis of gene modules related to HCC is feasible.Methods:Multiple expression datasets and RNA element targeting prediction tools were used to construct a circRNA-microRNA-mRNA network in HCC.Gene function,pathway,and protein interaction analyses were performed for the differentially expressed genes(DEGs)in this regulatory network.In the proteinprotein interaction network,hub genes were identified and subjected to regression analysis,producing an optimized four-gene signature for prognostic risk stratification in HCC patients.Anti-HCC drugs were excavated by assessing the DEGs between the low-and high-risk groups.A circRNA-microRNA-hub gene subnetwork was constructed,in which three hallmark genes,KIF4A,CCNA2,and PBK,were subjected to functional enrichment analysis.Results:A four-gene signature(KIF4A,CCNA2,PBK,and ZWINT)that effectively estimated the overall survival and aided in prognostic risk assessment in the The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)cohort and International Cancer Genome Consortium(ICGC)cohort was developed.CDK inhibitors,PI3K inhibitors,HDAC inhibitors,and EGFR inhibitors were predicted as four potential mechanisms of drug action(MOA)in high-risk HCC patients.Subsequent analysis has revealed that PBK,CCNA2,and KIF4A play a crucial role in regulating the tumor microenvironment by promoting immune cell invasion,regulating microsatellite instability(MSI),and exerting an impact on HCC progression.Conclusions:The present study highlights the role of the circRNA-related regulatory network,identifies a four-gene prognostic signature and biomarkers,and further identifies novel therapy for HCC.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma circRNA-related ceRNA network Biomarker Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator Bioinformatics

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Novel MIP gene mutation causes autosomal-dominant congenital cataract

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2024年第3期17卷 454-465页

作者： jing-Lan Ni Hua-ming Wen Xiao-Sheng Huang Qian-Wen Li jia-Min Cai Bao-jian Fan Jun Zhao The Second Clinical Medical College Jinan UniversityShenzhen 518020Guangdong ProvinceChina Department of Ophthalmology Dongguan Chang’an HospitalDongguan 523843Guangdong ProvinceChina Shenzhen Eye Hospital Affiliated to Jinan University Shenzhen Eye InstituteShenzhen 518040Guangdong ProvinceChina Department of Oral&Maxillofacial Surgery Shenzhen Stomatology Hospital Affiliated to Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518040Guangdong ProvinceChina Department of Neurosurgery Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBoston 02114MassachusettsUSA Department of Ophthalmology Shenzhen People’s Hospital(the Second Clinical Medical CollegeJinan Universitythe First Affiliated HospitalSouthern University of Science and Technology)Shenzhen 518020Guangdong ProvinceChina

●AIM:To identify disease-causative mutations in families with congenital cataract.●METHODS:Two Chinese families with autosomaldominant congenital cataract(ADCC)were recruited and underwent comprehensive eye examinations.Gene panel next-generation sequencing of common pathogenic genes of congenital cataract was performed in the proband of each family.Sanger sequencing was used to valid the candidate gene mutations and sequence the other family members for co-segregation analysis.The effect of sequence changes on protein structure and function was predicted through bioinformatics analysis.Major intrinsic protein(MIP)-wildtype and MIP-G29R plasmids were constructed and microinjected into zebrafish single-cell stage embryos.Zebrafish embryonic lens phenotypes were screened using confocal microscopy.●RESULTS:A novel heterozygous mutation(c.85G>A;p.G29R)in the MIP gene was identified in the proband of one family.A known heterozygous mutation(c.97C>T;p.R33C;rs864309693)in MIP was found in the proband of another family.In-silico prediction indicated that the novel mutation might affect the MIP protein function.Zebrafish embryonic lens was uniformly transparent in both wild-type PCS2+MIP and mutant PCS2+MIP.●CONCLUSION:Two missense mutations in the MIP gene in Chinese cataract families are identified,and one of which is novel.These findings expand the genetic spectrum of MIP mutations associated with cataracts.The functional studies suggest that the novel MIP mutation might not be a gain-of-function but a loss-of-function mutation.

关键词： congenital cataract major intrinsic protein missense mutation zebrafish model

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Single-cell RNA sequencing to understand host-virus interactions

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Virologica Sinica 2024年第1期39卷 1-8页

作者： jia-Tong Chang Li-Bo Liu Pei-Gang Wang jing An Department of Microbiology School of Basic Medical SciencesCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100069China

Single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq)has allowed for the profiling of host and virus transcripts and host-virus interactions at single-cell resolution.This review summarizes the existing scRNA-seq technologies together with their strengths and weaknesses.The applications of scRNA-seq in various virological studies are discussed in depth,which broaden the understanding of the immune atlas,host-virus interactions,and immune repertoire.scRNA-seq can be widely used for virology in the near future to better understand the pathogenic mechanisms and discover more effective therapeutic strategies.

关键词： Single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq) Host-virus interaction COVID-19 Flavivirus

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Diophantine equations and Fermat's last theorem for multivariate(skew-)polynomials

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Applied Mathematics(A Journal of Chinese Universities) 2024年第1期39卷 159-173页

作者： PAN Jie jia Yu-ming LI Fang School of Mathematical Sciences Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China Henan Experimental High School Zhengzhou 450003China

Fermat’s Last Theorem is a famous theorem in number theory which is diﬃcult to prove.However,it is known that the version of polynomials with one variable of Fermat’s Last Theorem over C can be proved very concisely.The aim of this paper is to study the similar problems about Fermat’s Last Theorem for multivariate(skew)-polynomials with any characteristic.

关键词： Fermat's last theorem polynomial ring skew polynomial ring

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Development of CONTHAC-3D and hydrogen distribution analysis of HPR1000

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2024年第2期35卷 210-221页

作者： Hui Wang jing-jing Li Yuan Chang Gong-Lin Li ming Ding China Nuclear Power Engineering Co.LTD. Beijing 100084China Fundamental Science on Nuclear Safety and Simulation Technology Laboratory Harbin 100049China

An in-house code,CONTHAC-3D,was developed to calculate and analyze thermal-hydraulic phenomena in containments during severe accidents.CONTHAC-3D is a three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics code that can be applied to predict gas flow,diffusion,and steam condensation in a containment during a severe hypothetical accident,as well as to obtain an estimate of the local hydrogen concentration in various zones of the containment.CONTHAC-3D was developed using multiple models to simulate the features of the proprietary systems and equipment of HPR1000 and ACP100,such as the passive cooling system,passive autocatalytic recombiners and the passive air cooling system.To validate CONTHAC-3D,a GX6 test was performed at the Battelle Model Containment facility.The hydrogen concentration and temperature monitored by the GX6 test are accurately predicted by CONTHAC-3D.Subsequently,the hydrogen distribution in the HPR1000 containment during a severe accident was studied.The results show that the hydrogen removal rates calculated using CONTHAC-3D for different types of PARs agree well with the theoretical values,with an error of less than 1%.As the accident progresses,the hydrogen concentration in the lower compartment becomes higher than that in the large space,which implies that the lower compartment has a higher hydrogen risk than the dome and large space at a later stage of the accident.The amount of hydrogen removed by the PARs placed on the floor of the compartment is small;therefore,raising the installation height of these recombiners appropriately is recommended.However,we do not recommend installing all autocatalytic recombiners at high positions.The study findings in regard to the hydrogen distribution in the HPR1000 containment indicate that CONTHAC-3D can be applied to the study of hydrogen risk containment.

关键词： Hydrogen risk mitigation Pressurized water reactor HPR1000 Thermal hydraulic CONTHAC-3D

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Meibomian glands segmentation in infrared images with limited annotation

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2024年第3期17卷 401-407页

作者： jia-Wen Lin Ling-Jie Lin Feng Lu Tai-Chen Lai jing Zou Lin-Ling Guo Zhi-ming Lin Li Li College of Computer and Data Science Fuzhou UniversityFuzhou 350108Fujian ProvinceChina Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Networking Computing and Intelligent Information Processing Fuzhou UniversityFuzhou 350108Fujian ProvinceChina Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University Fuzhou 350001Fujian ProvinceChina Department of Ophthalmology Fujian Provincial Hospital South BranchFujian Provincial HospitalFuzhou 350001Fujian ProvinceChina

●AIM:To investigate a pioneering framework for the segmentation of meibomian glands(MGs),using limited annotations to reduce the workload on ophthalmologists and enhance the efficiency of clinical diagnosis.●METHODS:Totally 203 infrared meibomian images from 138 patients with dry eye disease,accompanied by corresponding annotations,were gathered for the study.A rectified scribble-supervised gland segmentation(RSSGS)model,incorporating temporal ensemble prediction,uncertainty estimation,and a transformation equivariance constraint,was introduced to address constraints imposed by limited supervision information inherent in scribble annotations.The viability and efficacy of the proposed model were assessed based on accuracy,intersection over union(IoU),and dice coefficient.●RESULTS:Using manual labels as the gold standard,RSSGS demonstrated outcomes with an accuracy of 93.54%,a dice coefficient of 78.02%,and an IoU of 64.18%.Notably,these performance metrics exceed the current weakly supervised state-of-the-art methods by 0.76%,2.06%,and 2.69%,respectively.Furthermore,despite achieving a substantial 80%reduction in annotation costs,it only lags behind fully annotated methods by 0.72%,1.51%,and 2.04%.●CONCLUSION:An innovative automatic segmentation model is developed for MGs in infrared eyelid images,using scribble annotation for training.This model maintains an exceptionally high level of segmentation accuracy while substantially reducing training costs.It holds substantial utility for calculating clinical parameters,thereby greatly enhancing the diagnostic efficiency of ophthalmologists in evaluating meibomian gland dysfunction.

关键词： infrared meibomian glands images meibomian gland dysfunction meibomian glands segmentation weak supervision scribbled annotation

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Mutual Information Maximization via Joint Power Allocation in Integrated Sensing and Communications System

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China Communications 2024年第2期21卷 129-142页

作者： jia Zhu Junsheng Mu Yuanhao Cui Xiaojun jing School of Information and Communication Engineering Beijing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsBeijing 100876China

In this paper, we focus on the power allocation of Integrated Sensing and Communication(ISAC) with orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(OFDM) waveform. In order to improve the spectrum utilization efficiency in ISAC, we propose a design scheme based on spectrum sharing, that is,to maximize the mutual information(MI) of radar sensing while ensuring certain communication rate and transmission power constraints. In the proposed scheme, three cases are considered for the scattering off the target due to the communication signals,as negligible signal, beneficial signal, and interference signal to radar sensing, respectively, thus requiring three power allocation schemes. However,the corresponding power allocation schemes are nonconvex and their closed-form solutions are unavailable as a consequence. Motivated by this, alternating optimization(AO), sequence convex programming(SCP) and Lagrange multiplier are individually combined for three suboptimal solutions corresponding with three power allocation schemes. By combining the three algorithms, we transform the non-convex problem which is difficult to deal with into a convex problem which is easy to solve and obtain the suboptimal solution of the corresponding optimization problem. Numerical results show that, compared with the allocation results of the existing algorithms, the proposed joint design algorithm significantly improves the radar performance.

关键词： coexistence communications multicarrier radar mutual information spectrum sharing

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