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Enhanced pathogenicity and transmissibility of H9N2 avian influenza virus in mammals by hemagglutinin mutations combined with PB2-627K

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Virologica Sinica 2023年第1期38卷 47-55页

作者： Kaituo liu Yaqian Guo Huafen Zheng Zhuxing ji Miao cai Ruyi Gao Pinghu Zhang Xiaowen liu Xiulong Xu Xiaoquan Wang Xiufan liu Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety The Ministry of Education of ChinaYangzhou UniversityYangzhou225009China Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory College of Veterinary MedicineYangzhou UniversityYangzhou225009China jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou225009China jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Yangzhou225009China Institute of Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Geriatric Disease Prevention and Control of Jiangsu ProvinceMedical CollegeYangzhou UniversityYangzhou225009China

H9N2 avian influenza viruses(AIVs)circulate globally in poultry and have become the dominant AIV subtype in China in recent ***,we demonstrated that the H9N2 virus(A/chicken/Eastern China/SDKD1/2015)naturally harbors a mammalian-adaptive molecular factor(627K)in the PB2 protein and is weakly pathogenic in ***,we focused on new markers for virulence in mammals.A mouse-adapted H9N2 virus was serially passaged in mice by infecting their *** expected,infected mice showed clinical symptoms and died at passage six.A comparison between the wild-type and mouse-adapted virus sequences identified amino acid substitutions in the hemagglutinin(HA)protein.H9N2 viruses with the T187P t M227L double mutation exhibited an increased affinity to human-type(SAα2,6Gal)receptors and significantly enhanced viral attachment to mouse lung tissues,which contributed to enhancing viral replication and virulence in ***,HA with the T187P t M227L mutation enabled H9N2 viral transmission in guinea pigs via direct *** pathogenicity in mice is a polygenic *** results demonstrated that these HA mutations might be combined with PB2-627K to significantly increase H9N2 virulence in mice,and this enhanced virulence was achieved in other H9N2 AIVs by generating the same combination of *** summary,our study identified novel key elements in the HA protein that are required for H9N2 pathogenicity in mice and provided valuable insights into pandemic preparedness against emerging H_(9)N_(2)strains.

关键词： H9N2 Hemagglutinin(HA) PB2-627K Mammalian adaptation Pathogenicity Transmissibility

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Quantitative deformation measurements and analysis of the ferrite-austenite banded structure in a 2205 duplex stainless steel at 250 ℃

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Chinese Physics B 2018年第3期27卷 487-493页

作者： ji-Hua liu School of Mechanical Engineering Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300354China Tianjin Key Laboratory of Modern Engineering Mechanics Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300354China

The deformation process of the microstructure in 2205 duplex stainless steel(DSS)under thermo-mechanical coupling at 250℃was investigated using digital image correlation(DIC).A thermal tension test of duplex stainless steel(2205DSS)with a banded structure was carded out to observe the initial deformation of the *** was found that inhomogeneous strain fields occurred primarily in *** maximum normal strain in austenite was almost pos-itive,while that in ferrite was almost *** addition,a thermal cyclic-loading test was conducted,and the strain field was characterized by *** heterogeneities were induced after 400 cycles,which spread within the austenite and at the phase boundaries with the load *** high tensile-strain regions were always located adjacent to regions of intense compressive *** on the strain matrix sum *** number,we found that hardening occurred in the early cycles followed by softening.

关键词： thermo-mechanical coupling duplex stainless steel digital image correlation(DIC)

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Revealing dual capacitive mechanism of carbon cathode toward ultrafast quasi-solid-state lithium ion capacitors

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2021年第9期30卷 209-221页

作者： Kangyu Zou Peng cai Xinglan Deng Baowei Wang Cheng liu jiayang Li Hongshuai Hou Guoqiang Zou Xiaobo ji College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Central South UniversityChangsha 410083China College of Metallurgy and Chemical Engineering Jiangxi University of Science and TechnologyGanzhou 341000China

High-performance lithium ion capacitors(LICs) have been seriously hindered by the very low capacity and unclear capacitive mechanism of carbon ***,after the combination of experimental results and theoretical calculations,it is found that the critical pore size of 0.8 nm for PF_6~-ion adsorption decreases strong interactive repulsion of electrons and largely reduces adsorption energy barrier,which greatly improves the charge accommodation capacity in electrical double-layer *** importantly,the chemical-bond evolution process of C=O group has been firstly revealed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),indicating that the introduction of C=O group can provide abundant redox active sites for PF_6~-ion adsorption accompanied with enhanced pseudocapacitive *** to the synergistic effect of dual capacitive mechanism,porous carbon sheet(PCS) cathode shows a reversible specific capacity of 53.6 mAh g^(-1) even at a high current density of 50 A g^(-1).Significantly,the quasisolid-state LIC manifests state-of-the-art electrochemical performances with an integrated maximum energy density of 163 Wh kg^(-1) and an outstanding power density of 15,000 W kg^(-1).This elaborate work promotes better fundamental understanding about capacitive mechanism of PF_6~-ion and offers a rational dual-capacitive strategy for the design of advanced carbon cathodes.

关键词： Capacitive mechanism Carbon cathode Carbonyl group Quasi-solid-state Lithium ion capacitors

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Modeling and Simulation of an Invasive Mild Hypothermic Blood Cooling System

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Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2021年第1期34卷 45-53页

作者： Na Wang Qinghua liu Yan Shi Shijun Wang Xianzhi Zhang Chengwei Han Yixuan Wang Maolin cai Xunming ji Engineering Training Center Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China School of Mechanical and Material Engineering North China University of TechnologyBeijing 100144China People's Hospital of Juye County Heze 274900China Department of Mechanical Engineering Kingston Univer sityLondonUK. Department of Neurosurgery and Cerebrovascular Diseases Research In stitute Xuanwu HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina

Nowadays,mild hypothermia is widely used in the fields of post-cardiac arrest resuscitation,stroke,cerebral hemorrhage,large-scale cerebral infarction,and craniocerebral *** this paper,a locally mixed sub-low temperature device is designed,and the cold and hot water mixing experiment is used to simulate the human blood transfer *** set a foundation for the optimization of the heat transfer system,the static characteristics are analyzed by building the mathematic model and setting up the experimental *** addition,the affection of several key structure parameters is *** experimental and simulation studies,it can be concluded that,firstly,the mathematical model proved to be ***,the results of simulation experiments show that 14.52℃ refrigeration can reduce the original temperature of 33.42℃ to 32.02℃,and the temperature of refrigerated blood rises to 18.64℃,and the average error is about 0.3℃.Thirdly,as the thermal conductivity of the vascular sheath increases,the efficiency of the heat exchange system also increases ***,as the input cold blood flow rate increases,the mass increases and the temperature of the mixed blood temperature *** provides a research basis for subsequent research on local fixed-point sub-low temperature control technology.

关键词： Therapeutic hypothermia Invasive blood cooling Static character Heat transfer

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Benchmark evaluation of tomographic algorithms for simultaneous reconstruction of temperature and volume fraction fields of soot and metal-oxide nanoparticles in non-uniform flames

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2021年第2期64卷 237-250页

作者： SHUI ChongYuan liu HeCong cai WeiWei Key Laboratory for Power Machinery and Engineering of Ministry of Education School of Mechanical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China

With the growing applications of nanofluid flame, the monitoring and controlling of its combustion process is of paramount importance. Thus, it is necessary to develop diagnosing methods which can simultaneously image important parameters such as temperature and volume fractions of soot, metal-oxide nanoparticles. Tomographic emission spectroscopy is an effective method which has been proposed for this purpose. However, the inversion process was only reported with least-squares QR decomposition(LSQR) so far and there are numerous well-established reconstruction algorithms which have not been utilized ***, this work aims to perform systematic comparative studies on several representative algorithms for the inversion process. In the simulative studies, algorithms including Tikhonov regularization, algebraic reconstruction technique(ART), LSQR,Landweber algorithm, maximum likelihood expectation maximization(MLEM), and ordered subset expectation maximization(OSEM) were discussed. The effects of the number of iterations, the signal-to-noise ratio, and the number of projections and the calibration error in projection angles on the performance of the algorithms were investigated. Advice on selecting the suitable algorithms under different application conditions is then provided according to the extensive numerical studies.

关键词： inverse analysis algorithms temperature field soot and metal-oxide volume fraction non-uniform nanofluid flame

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Characterization of Regional Combustion Efficiency usingΔXCO:ΔXCO_(2)Observed by a Portable Fourier-Transform Spectrometer at an Urban Site in Beijing

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2022年第8期39卷 1299-1315页

作者： Ke CHE Yi liu Zhaonan cai Dongxu YANG Haibo WANG Denghui ji Yang YANG Pucai WANG Key Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of ScienceBeijing 100029China Carbon Neutrality Research Center Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of ScienceBeijing 100029China University of Chinese Academy of Science Beijing 100049China

Measurements of column-averaged dry-air mole fractions of carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide,CO_(2)(XCO_(2))and CO(XCO),were performed throughout 2019 at an urban site in Beijing using a compact Fourier Transform Spectrometer(FTS)EM27/*** data set is used to assess the characteristics of combustion-related CO_(2)emissions of urban Beijing by analyzing the correlated daily anomalies of XCO and XCO_(2)(e.g.,ΔXCO andΔXCO_(2)).The EM27/SUN measurements were calibrated to a 125HR-FTS at the Xianghe station by an extra EM27/SUN instrument transferred between two *** ratio ofΔXCO overΔXCO_(2)(ΔXCO:ΔXCO_(2))is used to estimate the combustion efficiency in the Beijing region.A high correlation coefficient(0.86)betweenΔXCO andΔXCO_(2)is *** CO:CO_(2)emission ratio estimated from inventories is higher than the observedΔXCO:ΔXCO_(2)(10.46±0.11 ppb ppm^(−1))by 42.54%-101.15%,indicating an underestimation in combustion efficiency in the ***ΔXCO:ΔXCO_(2)are influenced by transportation governed by weather conditions,except for days in summer when the correlation is low due to the terrestrial biotic *** convolving the column footprint[ppm(μmol m-2 s-1)-1]generated by the Weather Research and Forecasting-X-Stochastic Time-Inverted Lagrangian Transport models(WRF-X-STILT)with two fossil-fuel emission inventories(the Multi-resolution Emission Inventory for China(MEIC)and the Peking University(PKU)inventory),the observed enhancements of CO_(2)and CO were used to evaluate the regional *** CO_(2)emissions appear to be underestimated by 11%and 49%for the MEIC and PKU inventories,respectively,while CO emissions were overestimated by MEIC(30%)and PKU(35%)in the Beijing area.

关键词： FTS remote sensing ΔXCO:ΔXCO_(2) combustion efficiency megacity

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Civil unmanned aircraft system operation in national airspace: A survey from Air Navigation Service Provider perspective

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2021年第3期34卷 200-224页

作者： Zhaoxuan liu Kaiquan cai Yanbo ZHU School of Electronics and Information Engineering Beihang UniversityBeijing 100083China Aviation Data Communication Corporation Beijing 100083China

Unmanned Aircraft Systems(UASs) have advanced technologically and surged exponentially over recent years. Currently, due to safety concerns, most civil operations of UAS are conducted in low-level uncontrolled area or in segregated controlled airspace. As the industry progresses, both operational and technological capabilities have matured to the point where UASs are expected to gain greater freedom of access to both controlled and uncontrolled airspace. Extensive technical and regulatory surveys have been conducted to enable the expanded operations. However, most surveys are derived from the perspective of UAS own operating mechanism and barely consider interactions of their non-segregated activities with the Air Traffic Management(ATM) system. Hence, to fill the gap, this paper presents a survey conducted from the perspective of Air Navigation Service Provider(ANSP), which serves to accommodate these new entrants to the overall national airspace while continuing flight safety and efficiency. The primary objectives of this paper are to:(A) describe what typical ANSP-supplied UAS Traffic Management(UTM) architecture is required to facilitate all types of civil UAS operations;(B) identify three major ANSP considerations on how UAS can be accommodated safely in civil airspace;(C) outline future directions and challenges related with UAS operations for the ANSP.

关键词： Air Navigation Service Provider Airspace Organization and Management Air Traffic Control Air Traffic Management Air traffic service provision Unmanned Aircraft System UAS Traffic Management

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Novel method for measuring surface residual stress using flat-ended cylindrical indentation

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2024年第8期37卷 486-495页

作者： Guangzhao HAN Lixun cai Xiaokun liu Applied Mechanics and Structure Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province School of Mechanics and Aerospace EngineeringSouthwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu 610031China Zhengzhou Machinery Research Institute Transmission Technology Co. LtdZhengzhou 518115China

Instrumented indentation is a promising technique for estimating surface residual stresses and mechanical properties in engineering *** relative difference between the indentation loads for unstressed and stressed specimens was selected as the key parameter for measuring surface residual stresses in flat-ended cylindrical *** on the equivalent material method and finite element simulations,a dimensionless mapping model with six constants was established between the relative load difference,constitutive model parameters,and normalized residual stress.A novel method for measuring the surface residual stress and constitutive model parameters of metallic material through flat-ended cylindrical indentations was proposed using this model and a mechanical properties determination *** simulations were conducted using numerous elastoplastic materials with different residual stresses to verify the proposed model;good agreements were observed between the predicted residual stresses and those previously applied in finite element ***-ended cylindrical indentation tests were performed on four metallic materials using cruciform specimens subjected to various equibiaxial *** results exhibited good conformance between the stress–strain curves obtained using the proposed method and those from traditional tensile tests,and the absolute differences between the predicted residual stresses and applied stresses were within 40 MPa in most cases.

关键词： Instrumented indentation Residual stress Finite element simulation Equivalent material method Mechanical property

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Inhibiting ceramide synthase 5 expression in microglia decreases neuroinflammation after spinal cord injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第10期20卷 2955-2968页

作者： Wei Zhang Yubao Lu Ruoqi Shen Yingjie Wu Chenrui liu Xingxing Fang Liangming Zhang Bin liu Limin Rong Department of Spine Surgery The Third Affiliated HospitalSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong ProvinceChina National Medical Products Administration(NMPA)Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Cell Products GuangzhouGuangdong ProvinceChina Guangdong Provincial Center for Quality Control of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery GuangzhouGuangdong ProvinceChina Guangdong Provincial Center for Engineering and Technology Research of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery GuangzhouGuangdong ProvinceChina

Microglia,the resident monocyte of the central nervous system,play a crucial role in the response to spinal cord ***,the precise mechanism remains *** investigate the molecular mechanisms by which microglia regulate the neuroinflammatory response to spinal cord injury,we performed single-cell RNA sequencing dataset analysis,focusing on changes in microglial *** found that the MG1 subpopulation emerged in the acute/subacute phase of spinal cord injury and expressed genes related to cell pyroptosis,sphingomyelin metabolism,and neuroinflammation at high ***,we established a mouse model of contusive injury and performed intrathecal injection of siRNA and molecular inhibitors to validate the role of ceramide synthase 5 in the neuroinflammatory responses and pyroptosis after spinal cord ***,we established a PC12-BV2 cell co-culture system and found that ceramide synthase 5 and pyroptosis-associated proteins were highly expressed to induce the apoptosis of neuron *** ceramide synthase 5 expression in a mouse model of spinal cord injury effectively reduced ***,ceramide synthase 5-induced pyroptosis was dependent on activation of the NLRP3 signaling *** ceramide synthase 5 expression in microglia in vivo reduced neuronal apoptosis and promoted recovery of neurological ***2g7 formed a“bridge”between sphingolipid metabolism and ceramide synthase 5-mediated cell death by inhibiting the NLRP3 signaling ***,these findings suggest that inhibiting ceramide synthase 5 expression in microglia after spinal cord injury effectively suppressed microglial pyroptosis mediated by NLRP3,thereby exerting neuroprotective effects.

关键词： ceramide synthase 5 gasdermin D microglia neuroinflammation NLRP3 nuclear factor kappa B Pla2g7 pyroptosis sphingomyelin metabolism spinal cord injury

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Thickness dependence of viscoelastic stress relaxation of laminated microbeams due to mismatch strain

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2022年第4期43卷 467-478页

作者： Xiaosheng cai Nenghui ZHANG Hanlin liu Shanghai Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mechanics in Energy EngineeringSchool of Mechanics and Engineering ScienceShanghai UniversityShanghai 200072China

Time-dependent behaviors due to various mismatch strains are very important to the reliability of micro-/*** paper aims at presenting an analytical model to study the viscoelastic stress relaxation of the laminated microbeam caused by mismatch ***,Zhang’s two-variable method is used to establish a mechanical model for predicting the quasi-static stress relaxation of the laminated ***,the related analytical solutions are obtained by combining the differential method and the eigenvalue method in the temporal ***,the influence of the substrateto-film thickness/modulus ratio on the relaxation responses of the laminated microbeam subject to a step load of the mismatch strain is *** results show that the present predictions are consistent with the previous theoretical ***,the thickness dependence of stress relaxation time of the laminated microbeam is jointly determined by the intrinsic structural evolution factors and tension-bending coupling state;the stress relaxation time can be controlled by adjusting the substrate-to-film thickness/modulus ratio.

关键词： laminated structure stress relaxation mismatch strain tension-bending coupling effect analytical method

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