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Secular Change in Stature of Urban Chinese Children and Adolescents, 1985-2010

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2013年第1期26卷 13-22页

作者： CHEN Tian jiao ji cheng ye Institute of Child and Adolescent Health School of Public HealthPeking University Health Science Center

Objective Research evidence shows a secular trend in Chinese physical growth in recent *** aim of this study was to analyze and assess changes in stature of children and adolescents during the 25 years from 1985‐2010,using national *** Data came from successive cycles of the Chinese National Survey on Students＇ Constitution and Health（CNSSCH）.Subjects were 7‐ to 18‐year‐old children and *** An overall positive secular trend occurred in urban China during 1985‐*** overall average rates of increment were 2.4 and 1.7 cm/decade for boys and girls,*** increases in adult stature for boys and girls were 2.6 and 1.7 cm,yielding rates of 1.0 and 0.7 cm/decade,*** with different socioeconomic levels had different characteristic *** stature increases in big cities were larger than those in moderate and small cities,and boys and girls in moderate and small cities showed greater potential for growth in *** An overall positive secular growth trend was associated with socioeconomic progress and differed with area socioeconomic *** policies and strategies should be developed based on increased stature,and should continue narrowing the inequity between different socioeconomic populations.

关键词： Secular change Stature Growth Socioeconomic disparity Children and adolescents

Secular Changes of Stature in Rural Children and Adolescents in China, 1985-2010

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2014年第8期27卷 573-581页

作者： CHEN Tian jiao ji cheng ye Institute of Child and Adolescent Health School of Public Health Peking University Health Science Center

Objective To analyze and assess secular change in stature in rural children and adolescents in China from 1985 to 2010. Methods Data were obtained from the 6 rounds of the Chinese National Survey on Student＇s Constitution and Health. The subjects enrolled in the study were children and adolescents aged 7-18 years in rural areas of provincial capitals. Results An overall positive secular trend in stature occurred in rural areas of provincial capitals in China from 1985 to 2010. The overall average increase rates were 3.1 and 2.4 cm/decade for boys and girls, respectively. The total body height increases for grown up boys and girls were 3.6 and 2.3 cm and the increase rates were 1.4 and 0.9 cm/decade, respectively. There were differences in body height increase among eastern, central and western regions. The average body height of the children or adolescents in eastern region was highest, followed by central region and western region. The overall increase rates in central region were highest among the three regions. The difference between eastern/central region and western region was obvious. 〈br〉 Conclusion Positive secular trend in stature of children or adolescents has occurred in rural area of China, and rural boys and girls showed a great potential for continuous growth. More attention should be paid to the differences in children＇s body height between western region and eastern/central region.

关键词： Secular change Stature Rural population Regional difference Child and adolescent

Secular Changes on the Distribution of Body Mass Index among Chinese Children and Adolescents, 1985-2010

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2013年第7期26卷 520-530页

作者： ji cheng ye CHEN Tian jiao SUN Xiao Institute of Child and Adolescent Health School of Public Health Peking University Health Science Center

Objective To analyze the change in Body Mass Index （BMI） distribution among Chinese children and adolescents for the development of more effective intervention for childhood obesity. Methods Data on the national students＇ constitution and health survey between 1985 and 2010 was used for this study. Subjects were students aged 7-18 randomly selected from 30 provinces in China. BMI for-age curves were developed by LMS method, and the trend of BMI distribution was determined by comparing the upper BMI percentiles and analyzing the skew shift of distribution between 2985 and 2010. Results An overall positive swift trend of BMI between 1985 and 2010 was observed among the Chinese school-age children and adolescents. The average median of the BMI increased from 16.8 and 17.0 ks/m2 to 18.2 and 17.9 kg/m2 in 25 years, with increments 0.56 and 0.36 kg/m2 per decade for males and females, respectively. The more obvious increments were found at the high BMI. The total increments of BMI in this period were 4.03 and 2.20 kg/m2 at the 85th, 6.24 and 3.57 kg/m2 at the 95th, and 6.99 and 4.27 kg/m2 at the 97th percentiles, for males and females, respectively. Conclusion Obvious increments were observed at high BMI of the Chinese children and adolescents. More effective interventions should be taken for control and prevention of obesity and its health consequence for these subgroups. It is necessary to establish a risk-complex system consisting of the identification of BMI scope, the screen of the disease risk factors and the assessment of excessive adiposity.

关键词： Body mass index Obesity Chinese School-age children Secular growth changes

Nutrition in Chinese-Korean Children and Adolescents

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2016年第1期29卷 24-40页

作者： YIN Xiao jian XU Ya Tao ji Liu ji cheng ye Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention Ministry of EducationCollege of Physical Education & HealthEast China Normal University Institute of Child and Adolescent Health Peking University Health Science Center

Objective To study the nutrition habits among Chinese-Korean children and adolescents in Yanbian Autonomous Prefecture, jilin, China. Methods Data were obtained from the Chinese National Survey on Students’ Constitution and Health in 1995, 2000, 2005, and 2010 for Chinese-Korean children and adolescents aged 7-18 years. The number of the subjects included was 4789, 4704, 5875, and 5315, respectively. Results The rate of the occurrence of stunting showed a declining trend from 1995 to 2010(for boys: urban, 6.3%; rural, 12.7% in 1995 and 3.5% for both in 2010. For girls: urban, 7.8%; rural, 13.4% in 1995 and 4.2% and 5.5%, respectively, in 2010). Although the ratio of wasting did not show significant differences between the urban and rural children and adolescents in 1995, 2000, 2005, and 2010 respectively, the ratio of occurrence of overweight or obesity increased(for boys: urban, 7.3% and 1.3% in 1995, 17.6% and 12.9% in 2010; rural, 7.0% and 1.3% in 1995, 14.6% and 12.8% in 2010, respectively. For girls: urban, 8.1% and 1.0% in 1995, 17.3% and 8.6% in 2010; rural 5.7% and 0.7% in 1995, 16.4% and 7.4% in 2010, respectively). Conclusion The ratio of malnutrition in children and adolescents in Chinese-Korean areas declined from 1995 to 2010, and the distinction in malnutrition between the urban and rural areas was negligible in 2010. Further, the ratio of overweight and obesity increased over this period.

关键词： Chinese-Korean children and adolescents Nutrition Stunting/Wasting Overweight/Obesity

Relationship between Migration and HIV Risky Behavior: a Comparative Study of Returning Migrants and Non Migrants Based on Rural Out-of-school Youth in jilin, China

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2015年第6期28卷 429-436页

作者： ZHU Guang Rong ji cheng ye YANG Xing Hua Institute of Child and Adolescent Health School of Public HealthPeking University Health Science Center Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics School of Public HealthCapital Medical University

Objective To estimate the relationship between migration and HIV risky behavior when controlling for gender, age, and educational levels and to evaluate the gender differences in migration, HIV knowledge, and HIV risky behaviors among rural youth in China. Methods A cross-sectional, anonymous, investigative questionnaire for 1710 unmarried, out-of-school rural youth, aged between 15 and 24 years, was handed out in Gongzhuling county of jilin province, China. Results 58.5% of participants had a history of migration, irrespective of gender. There were gender differences observed in other factors such as drug abuse（4.3% for males and 5.5% for females, P〈0.01）, multiple sexual partners（24.1% for males and 44.1% for females, P〈0.01）, and HIV knowledge rate（35.2% for males and 25.5% for females, P〈0.001）. While controlling for gender, age, and educational levels, the relationships between migration and drug abuse, selling sex, and non usage of condoms during last instance of sexual activity were found to be significant. The cases of premarital sex and multiple sexual partners were both not found to be related to migration. Conclusion Among rural youth, the HIV risky behavior such as drug abuse, selling sex, and lack of condom use, is significantly related to migration, while premarital sex and multiple sexual partners seem unrelated to migration.

关键词： Migration Rural out-of-school youth HIV risky behavior China

Empirical Changes in the Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity among Chinese Students from 1985 to 2010 and Corresponding Preventive Strategies

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2013年第1期26卷 1-12页

作者： ji cheng ye CHEN Tian jiao Working Group on Obesity in China (WGOC) Institute of Child and Adolescent Health School of Public Health Peking University Health Science CenterBeijing 100191 China Institute of Child and Adolescent Health School of Public Health Peking UniversityHealth Science Center Beijing 100191 China' 3. WGOC.' Working Group on Obesity in China International LifeSciences Institute Focal Point in China WGOC: Working Group on Obesity in China International LifeSciences Institute Focal Point in China

Objective To determine the extent of the obesity epidemic in school‐aged Chinese children in 2010 and track the increasing trend in different socioeconomic regions over the preceding 25 years. Strategies for preventing childhood obesity are suggested. Methods We used a dataset provided by the Chinese National Survey on Students’ Constitution and Health from 1985‐2010. Subjects were 7‐18‐year‐old students randomly selected from urban and rural areas in 30 provinces. Eight subgroups were created according to region and socioeconomic status. Results Increased rates of the epidemic （overweight and obesity combined） were greatest in large coastal cities‐32.6% and 19.1% among males and females, respectively. These rates has neared that of developed countries. Similar increases were found in all other regions, including the once poverty‐stricken rural west. The epidemic in most of the rural areas began after 2000, but has spread swiftly over the last decade. In 2010, it was estimated that 9.9% of Chinese school‐aged children and adolescents were overweight and that an additional 5.1% were obese, representing an estimated 30.43 million individuals. Conclusion The prognosis for China＇s childhood‐obesity epidemic is dire. To prevent childhood obesity, we suggest several strategies, including reasonable dietary intake, increase physical activity, a change in sedentary lifestyles and corresponding behavioral modifications.

关键词： Obesity Chinese school‐aged children Prevalence Temporal changes Socioeconomic status

Correlation of 4-month infant feeding modes with their growth and iron status in Beijing

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Chinese Medical Journal 2008年第5期121卷 392-398页

作者： GONG Yu-hua ji cheng-ye ZHENG Xiu-xia SHAN jin-ping HOU Rui Peking University Institute of Child and Adolescent Health Beijing 100083 China Peking University School of Nursing Beijing 100083 China Haidian District Maternal and Child Health Center Beijing 100081 China

Background Growth and development of infants has been an important topic in pediatrics for a long time. Infants must be provided with food containing all necessary nutrients. Breast milk is believed to be the most desirable natural and cheapest food for well-balanced nutrition. But with the progress in the development of substitute food in developed countries, it is thought that formula milk can meet the requirement for infant growth. During early infancy, growth, as the most sensitive index of health, is therefore a critical component in evaluating the adequacy of breast-feeding, mixed-feeding and formula feeding. Iron status is another important index of infant health. Iron deficiency anemia remains the most prevalent nutritional deficiency index in infants worldwide. This study is to compare infants in Beijing at 4 months who are on three different feeding modes （breast feeding, mixed feeding and formula feeding） in physical changes and iron status. The results may provide new mothers with support in feeding mode selection, which will also be helpful to the China Nutrition Association in feeding mode education. Methods This is a cohort study. One thousand and one normal Beijing infants were followed regularly for 12 months. Body weight and horizontal length were measured. Hemoglobin, red blood cell counts, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin and serum iron were analyzed at 4 months. Results The breast feeding percentage in the first 4 months was 47.9%. The feeding mode was not significantly related to maternal delivery age, education, labor pathway nor infant sex （P 〉0.05）. Infant boys and girls exclusively breast-fed from 0 to 4 months had the highest weight at 0-6 months. The anemia rate of breast-fed infant boys at 4 months was the highest. Conclusions Breast feeding should be given more emphasis. It is compulsory for new mothers to breast-feed their infants if possible. Social environment should also guarantee the requirement for breast feedi

关键词： infant feeding mode growth and development hemoglobins

Three-dimensional fracture of UO2 ceramic pellets by phase field modeling

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2025年第1期Mechanics & Astronomy) .卷 169-180页

作者： Wei Xiong Xuan ye Hongzhang cheng Xiaoming Liu Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Nuclear Energy Technology Key Laboratory of Advanced Reactor Engineering and Safety of Ministry of Education Tsinghua University State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics Institute of Mechanics Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Engineering Science University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Fracture is the primary failure type for the UO2ceramic pellets,which are operated under irradiation and thermal processes,and physically confined by the *** this work,by combining closely coupled physical processes of heat conduction,heat transfer,and mechanical deformation with the cohesive phase field framework,we proposed a high-precision modeling of quasistatic cracking of three-dimensional （3D） UO2ceramic fuel pellets under high temperature and *** simulation results agree well with the experimental results,indicating that the proposed method has the potential to capture 3D crack modes in the interested time ***,we studied the relation of the 3D fracture patterns of fuel pellets with the peak power *** was found that the power level plays a critical role in determining the competition between radial and circumferential cracks,as well as transverse penetrating cracks.

关键词： phase field method nuclear fuel pellet coupled thermo-mechanical model thermal fracture

1985—2000年期间中国高身材青少年增长趋势分析

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体育科学 2005年第3期25卷 33-35页

作者：季成叶北京大学儿童青少年卫生研究所北京100083

按马丁身高分类 ,分析 1985— 2 0 0 0年期间我国高身材青少年的分布变化 ,计算各性别年龄组内各身高段构成比。结果表明 ,2 0 0 0年时 17～ 18岁城男、乡男、城女、乡女马丁 7段以上高身材者分别为 8.9%、4 .0 %、7.1%和 3.6 % ,较 1... 详细信息

按马丁身高分类 ,分析 1985— 2 0 0 0年期间我国高身材青少年的分布变化 ,计算各性别年龄组内各身高段构成比。结果表明 ,2 0 0 0年时 17～ 18岁城男、乡男、城女、乡女马丁 7段以上高身材者分别为 8.9%、4 .0 %、7.1%和 3.6 % ,较 1985年增加 2～ 3倍。提示 :我国高身材青少年比率的迅猛增长 ,对选拔优秀少年运动员有利 ,但应同时采取卫生保健措施 ,帮助他们促进身心的全面发展。

关键词：中国青少年身高地区差异体质