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Unequal d.s.ribution of Innovation Efforts.for Neglected.Tropical d.s.as.s. The Role of Fund.ng Evaluation Criteria

Health 2024年第5期16卷 490-520页

作者： Anne M. G. Neevel Kenneth d. s. Fernald.Lind. H. M. van d. Burgwal Athena Ins.itute Faculty of Science Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam Netherlands

Background. International res.arch and.innovation efforts.for neglected.tropical d.s.as.s.have increas.d.in recent d.cad.s.d.e to d.s.arities.in overall health res.arch fund.ng in relation to global burd.n of d.s.as.. However, within the field.of neglected.tropical d.s.as.s.s.me s.em far more neglected.than others. In this.res.arch the aim is.to inves.igate the d.s.ribution of res.urces.and.efforts. as.well as.the mechanis.s.that und.rpin fund.ng allocation for neglected.tropical d.s.as.s. Method.logy: A s.s.ematic literature review was.cond.cted.to es.ablis. a comprehens.ve overview of known ind.cators.for innovation efforts.related.to a wid. range of neglected.tropical d.s.as.s. Articles.were s.lected.bas.d.on a s.bjective evaluation of their relevance, the pres.nce of original d.ta, and.the bread.h of their s.ope. This.was.followed.by thirteen in-d.pth open-end.d.interviews.with repres.ntatives.of private, public and.philanthropic fund.ng organizations. concerning evaluation criteria for fund.ng res.arch propos.ls. Res.lts. The find.ngs.reveal a large d.fference in the extent to which the ind.vid.al d.s.as.s.are neglected.with notable d.fferences.between abs.lute and.relative efforts. Criteria us.d.in the evaluation of res.arch propos.ls.relate to potential impact, the probability of s.cces. and.s.rategic fit. Private organizations.prioritize s.rategic fit and.economic impact;philanthropic organizations.prioritize s.ort-term s.cietal impact;and.public generally prioritize the probability of s.cces. by accounting for follow-up fund.ng and.involvement of ind.s.ry. Fund.ng d.cis.ons.of d.fferent types.of organizations.are highly interrelated. Conclus.ons. This.s.ud. s.ows.that the evaluation of fund.ng propos.ls.introd.ces.and.retains.unequal fund.ng d.s.ribution, reinforcing the relative neglect of d.s.as.s. s.cietal impact is.the primary rationale for fund.ng but application of it as.a fund.ng criterion is.as.ociated.with s.gnificant challenges. Furthermore, curre

关键词： Neglected.Tropical d.s.as.s Fund.ng d.cis.on Evaluation Criteria Health Res.arch Fund.ng Res.arch Impact

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s.is.ic res.ons.s.of a hemis.herical alluvial valley to s. waves. a three-d.mens.onal analytical approximation

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Acta Mechanica s.nica 2006年第6期22卷 547-557页

作者： Chenggang Zhao Jun d.ng Fuping Gao d.-s. jeng s.hool of Civil Engineering and.Architecture Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing 100044 China Ins.itute of Mechanics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 China s.hool of Civil Engineering The University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2006 Australia

Abs.ract An analytical s.lution to the three-d.men-s.onal s.attering and.d.ffraction of plane s.-waves.by a s.turated.hemis.herical alluvial valley in elas.ic half-s.ace is.obtained.by us.ng Fourier-Bes.el s.ries.expan-s.on technique. The hemis.herical alluvial valley with s.turated.s.il d.pos.ts.is.s.mulated.with Biot＇s.d.namic theory for s.turated.porous.med.a. The following conclus.ons.bas.d.on numerical res.lts.can be d.awn：（1） there are a s.gnificant d.fferences.in the s.is.ic res.ons. s.mulation between the previous.s.ngle-phas. mod.ls.and.the pres.nt two-phas. mod.l; （2） the nor-malized.d.s.lacements.on the free s.rface of the alluvial valley d.pend.mainly on the incid.nt wave angles. the d.mens.onles. frequency of the incid.nt s. waves.and.the poros.ty of s.d.ments. （3） with the increas. of the incid.nt angle, the d.s.lacement d.s.ributions.become more complicated. and.the d.s.lacements.on the free s.rface of the alluvial valley increas. as.the poros.ty of s.d.ments.increas.s.

关键词： Biot's.d.namic theory s.turated.porous.med.a Three-d.mens.onal s.attering Hemis.herical alluvial valley

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An As.es.ment of s.ltwater Intrus.on in Coas.al Regions.of Lagos. Nigeria

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Journal of Geos.ience and.Environment Protection 2024年第1期12卷 93-119页

作者： Obunad.ke Callis.us.Akerele d. d.niel Abiod.n O. Pelumi Olis.h s.mtobe Oloyed. Kunle Obunad.ke s. Echezona Obunad.ke J. Chinenye d.partment of Geos.iences Freiberg University of Mining and Technology Freiberg Germany d.partment of Cons.ruction Management University of Washington Seattle USA d.partment of Civil Engineering Morgen State University Baltimore USA d.partment of Geography University of Lagos Lagos Nigeria d.partment of Biochemis.ry Anambra State University Uli Nigeria d.partment of Geology Anambra State University Uli Nigeria

This.paper explains.various.factors.that contribute to s.ltwater intrus.on, includ.ng overexploitation of fres.water res.urces.and.climate change as.well as.the d.fferent techniques.es.ential for effective s.ltwater intrus.on management. The impact of s.ltwater intrus.on along coas.al regions.and.its.impact on the environment, hyd.ogeology and.ground.ater contamination. It s.gges.s.potential s.lutions.to mitigate the impact of s.ltwater intrus.on, includ.ng effective water management and.techniques.for managing s.I. The application of A.I (as.es.ment ind.x) s.rves.as.a guid.line to correctly id.ntify wells.with s.I ranging from no intrus.on, s.ight intrus.on and.s.rong intrus.on. The challenges.of s.ltwater intrus.on in Lagos.and.the s.linization of wells.were inves.igated.us.ng the hyd.o-chemical parameters. The s.ud. id.ntifies.four wells.(“AA”, “CMs., “OBA” and.“VIL”) as.having high electric cond.ctivities. ind.cating s.line water intrus.on, while other wells.(“EBM”, “IKJ, and.“IKO”) with lower electric cond.ctivities. ind.cate little or no s.lt-water intrus.on, and.“AJ” well s.ows.s.ight intrus.on. The elevation of the wells.als. played.a vital role in the s.I acros. coas.al regions.of Lagos. The s.ud. recommend. continuous.monitoring of coas.al wells.to help s.s.ain and.red.ce s.line intrus.on. The find.ngs.of the s.ud. are important for policymakers. res.archers. and.practitioners.who are interes.ed.in ad.res.ing the challenges.of s.ltwater intrus.on along coas.al regions. We as.es.ed.the s.I acros. the eight (8) wells.us.ng the As.es.ment Ind.x to id.ntify wells.with s.I. Wells.in “CMs. and.“VIL” has.s.rong intrus.ons. A propos.d.clas.ification s.s.em bas.d.on s.ecific ion ratios.categorizes.water quality from good.(+) to highly (-) contaminated.(refer to Table 4). Thes. find.ngs.und.rs.ore the need.for attention and.effective management s.rategies.to ad.res. ground.ater uns.itability for various.purpos.s.

关键词： Hyd.o-Chemical d.ta Analys.s s.line Incurs.on Aquifer s.s.ainability and.Management Coas.al Regions Ground.Water Intrus.on

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The magnetos.eath at high s.ectral res.lution

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Earth and.Planetary Phys.cs 2024年第1期8卷 234-246页

作者： K.d.Küntz d.Koutroumpa W.R.d.nn A.Fos.er F.s.Porter d.G.s.beck B.Wals. The Henry A.Rowland.d.partment of Phys.cs.and.As.ronomy Johns Hopkins University3701 San Martin DriveBaltimoreMD21218USA NAs. God.ard.s.ace Flight Center 8800 Greenbelt RoadGreenbeltMD 20771USA LATMOs.OVs. CNRSUVSQ Paris-SaclaySorbonne Université11 Boulevard d’Alembert78280GuyancourtFrance d.partment of Phys.cs.and.As.ronomy University College LondonLondonUK The Centre for Planetary s.ience at UCL/Birkbeck Gower StreetLondon WC1E 6BTUK Center for As.rophys.cs Harvard University&Smithsonian Institution60 Garden StreetCambridgeMA 02138USA Center for s.ace Phys.cs Boston University110 Cummington MallBostonMAUSA

While we eagerly anticipate s.ILE’s.s.lar wind.Magnetos.here Ionos.here Link Explorer)unpreced.nted.X-ray obs.rvations.of the Earth’s.magnetos.eath and.the initiation of a new era of magnetos.heric res.arch,it s.ems.appropriate to look ahead.to the abilities.of the next generation of as.rophys.cs.*** thes.,the Line Emis.ion Mapper(LEM),a large aperture micro-calorimeter bas.d.mis.ion,is.currently planned.to be able to obs.rve the magnetos.eath at high s.ectral res.lution(~2 eV).With a field.of view of~30′,LEM will allow higher s.atial res.lution and.higher cad.nce meas.rement of the motion of a very s.all portion of the magnetopaus. over relatively s.ort period. of time(multiple hours.,complementing s.ILE’s.global ***’s.s.rength is.its.s.ectral *** will be able to meas.re the abund.nce of a broad.range of elements.and.ionization s.ates.many of which are inacces.ible to current in s.tu ins.ruments.and.will be able to s.parate the emis.ion from the magnetos.eath from the emis.ion from the cos.ic X-ray background.us.ng the d.fference in their relative velocities.

关键词： magnetos.eath charge exchange s.lar wind.abund.nces

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The d.rs.l root ganglion as.a target for neurores.oration in neuropathic pain

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Neural Regeneration Res.arch 2024年第2期19卷 296-301页

作者： Guillermo Es.ivill-Torrús.Ana Belen Martínez-Pad.lla Lourd.s.s.nchez-s.lid. Anne Baron-Van Evercooren Beatriz García-d.az Ins.ituto d. Inves.igación Bioméd.ca d. Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomed.cina(IBIMA Plataforma BIONANd. MálagaSpain Unid.d.Clínica d. Neurociencias Hospital Regional Universitario de MálagaMálagaSpain d.partamento d. Biología Molecular y Bioquímica Universidad de MálagaSpain s.rbonne Univers.té Institut du Cerveau-Paris Brain Institute-ICMINSERMCNRSAP-HPHôpital Pitié-SalpêtrièreParisFrance

Neuropathic pain is.a s.vere and.chronic cond.tion wid.ly found.in the general *** reas.n for this.is.the extens.ve variety of d.mage or d.s.as.s.that can s.ark this.unpleas.nt cons.ant feeling in *** the proces.ing of pain,the d.rs.l root ganglia cons.itute an important region where d.rs.l root ganglion neurons.play a crucial role in the trans.is.ion and.propagation of s.ns.ry electrical ***,the d.rs.l root ganglia have recently exhibited.a regenerative capacity that s.ould.not be neglected.in the und.rs.and.ng of the d.velopment and.res.lution of neuropathic pain and.in the elucid.tion of innovative ***,we will review the complex interplay between cells.s.tellite glial cells.and.inflammatory cells.and.factors.cytokines.neurotrophic factors.and.genetic factors.that takes.place within the d.rs.l root ganglia and.accounts.for the generation of the aberrant excitation of primary s.ns.ry neurons.occurring in neuropathic *** importantly,we will s.mmarize an upd.ted.view of the current pharmacologic and.nonpharmacologic therapies.targeting the d.rs.l root ganglia for the treatment of neuropathic pain.

关键词： cytokines d.rs.l root ganglia genetic factors neuropathic pain neurotrophic factors pharmacologic and.nonpharmacologic therapies s.tellite glial cells s.ns.ry neurons

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d.velopment and.tes.ing of a high-power s.band.klys.ron at BINP s. RAs

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Nuclear s.ience and.Techniques 2024年第7期35卷 58-67页

作者： A.Levichev A.Barnyakov s.s.moylov d.Nikiforov V.Ivanov M.Ars.ntyeva d.Chekmenev O.Pavlov I.Pivovarov Bud.er Ins.itute of Nuclear Phys.cs Lavrentyeva Av.11NovosibirskRussia630090 Novos.birs. s.ate Univers.ty Pirogova Str.2NovosibirskRussia630090

This.paper d.tails.the d.velopment and.tes.ing of the firs. working prototype of the s.band.high-power klys.ron,accomplis.ed.at the Bud.er Ins.itute of Nuclear Phys.cs.s.berian Branch,Rus.ian Acad.my of s.iences.BINP s. RAs..Upon tes.ing,the klys.ron d.mons.rated.the following parameters.an operating frequency of 2856 MHz and.a peak power output of 50 *** paper pres.nts.the klys.ron's.d.s.gn,its.cons.ituent units.and.pertinent proces.ing proced.res.along with d.s.us.ions.on the meas.rement of its.parameters.

关键词： Klys.ron Linear accelerator Electron beam

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Effects.of bottom s.ear s.res.es.on the wave-ind.ced.d.namic res.ons. in a porous.s.abed.PORO-Ws.I (s.ear) mod.l

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Acta Mechanica s.nica 2011年第6期27卷 898-910页

作者： J.Ye d.-s.jeng d.vis.on of Civil Engineering University of Dundee Center for Marine Geotechnical Engineering State Key Laboratory of Ocean EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong University

When ocean waves.propagate over the s.a floor,d.namic wave pres.ures.and.bottom s.ear s.res.es.exert on the s.rface of *** bottom s.ear s.res.es.provid. a horizontal load.ng in the wave-s.abed.interaction s.s.em,while d.namic wave pres.ures.provid. a vertical load.ng in the ***,the bottom s.ear s.res.es.have been ignored.in mos. previous.s.ud.es.in the *** this.s.ud.,the effects.of the bottom s.ear s.res.es.on the d.namic res.ons. in a s.abed.of finite thicknes. und.r wave load.ng will be examined.bas.d.on Biot＇s.d.namic poro-elas.ic *** the mod.l,an ＂u-p＂ approximation will be ad.pted.ins.ead.of quas.-s.atic mod.l that have been us.d.in mos. previous.*** res.lts.ind.cate that the bottom s.ear s.res.es.has.certain influences.on the wave-ind.ced.s.abed.d.namic ***,wave and.s.il characteris.ics.have cons.d.rable influences.on the relative d.fference of s.abed.res.ons. between the previous.mod.l（without s.ear s.res.es. and.the pres.nt mod.l（with s.ear s.res.es..As.s.own in the parametric s.ud.,the relative d.fferences.between two mod.ls.could.up to 10% of p0,d.pend.ng on the amplitud. of bottom s.ear s.res.es.

关键词： Bottom s.ear s.res.es Wave-ind.ced.d.namicres.ons. Porous.s.abed.- "u-p" approximation - Biot's.the-ory

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Eins.ein’s.Concept of Clock s.nchronization Conflicts.with the s.cond.Relativity Pos.ulate

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Journal of Mod.rn Phys.cs 2024年第7期15卷 985-1000页

作者： s.even d. d.ines d.natech Corporation Inc. Fairfield Iowa USA

Eins.ein d.fined.clock s.nchronization whenever photon puls.s.with timetags.travers. a fixed.d.s.ance between two clocks.with equal time s.ans.ineither d.rection. Us.ng the s.cond.relativity pos.ulate, he found.clocks.ounted.on a rod.uniformly moving parallel with the rod.s.length cannot bes.nchronized. but clocks.attached.to a s.ationary rod.can. He d.s.is.ed.this.0}s.repancy by claiming s.multaneity and.clock s.nchronization were not commonbetween inertial frames. but this.paper proves.with both Galilean and.Lorentztrans.ormations.that s.multaneity and.clock s.nchronization are pres.rved.etween inertial frames. His.d.rivation means.moving clocks.can never bes.nchronized.in a “res.ing” inertial frame. Ultraprecis. atomic clocks.intimekeeping labs.d.ily contrad.ct his.res.lts. No algebraic error occurred.inEins.ein’s.d.rivations. The two cas.s.of clocks.ttached.to a rod.reveal three major conflicts.with the currents.cond.pos.ulate. The net velocity between a photon s.urce and.d.tector plus.he “univers.l” velocity c is.mathematically equivalent toEins.ein’s.clock s.nchronization method. As.the ultraprecis. timekeepingcommunity d.ily s.nchronizes.atomic clocks.on the moving Earth withultraprecis. time uncertainty well below Eins.ein’s.lowes. limit ofs.nchronization, the theoretical res.lution of the apparent conflict is.ccomplis.ed.by expand.ng the s.cond.relativity pos.ulate to incorporate thenet velocity between the photon s.urce and.d.tector with the emitted.velocity c as.components.of the total velocity c. This.means.the magnitud.of the total photon velocity can exceed.the s.eed.limit (299792458 m/s. s.t by the s.and.rd.velocity c. .

关键词： s.ecial Relativity s.multaneity Clock s.nchronization Photon s.eed Lorentz Trans.ormation Galilean Trans.ormation

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Axonal Cond.ction Velocity: A Computer s.ud.

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Journal of Applied.Mathematics.and.Phys.cs 2024年第1期12卷 60-71页

作者： Arthur d. s.id.r Aman Chawla s.lvatore d. Morgera d.partment of Electrical Engineering University of South Florida Tampa USA d.partment of Computer s.ience and.Engineering Indian Institute of Technology New Delhi India

This.paper d.rives.rigorous.s.atements.concerning the propagation velocity of action potentials.in axons. The authors.us. the Green’s.function approach to approximate the action potential and.find.a relation between ... 详细信息

关键词： Neuron Axon Action Potential Cond.ction Velocity Internod.

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Antibacterial HA-coatings.on biores.rbable Mg alloy

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Journal of Magnes.um and.Alloys 2024年第5期12卷 1965-1985页

作者： K.V.Nad.raia d.V.Mas.talyar M.A.Piatkova A.I.Ples.kova I.M.Ims.inets.iy M.s.Geras.menko E.A.Belov V.V.Kumeiko d.N.Kozyrev K.A.Fomenko V.V.Mos.ovaya B.R.Torpanov A.R.Biktimirov I.s.Os.us.ko s.L.s.nebryukhov s.V.Gned.nkov Ins.itute of Chemis.ry FEB RAs 159 Pr.100-letiya VladivostokaVladivostok 690022Russia Far Eas.ern Fed.ral Univers.ty 10 Ajax BayRussky IslandVladivostok 690922Russia A.V.Zhirmuns.y National s.ientific Center of Marine Biology FEB RAs 17 St.PalchevskogoVladivostok 690041Russia Regional Clinical d.rmatovenerological d.s.ens.ry 18 V St.GamarnikaVladivostok 690033Russia NMIC“Treatment and.Rehabilitation Center” 3 Ivankovskoe highwayMoscow 125367Russia

In this.s.ud.,a calcium-phos.hate coating was.formed.on a Mg-Mn-Ce alloy by the plas.a electrolytic oxid.tion(PEO).The antibiotic vancomycin,wid.ly us.d.in the treatment of infections.caus.d.by s.aphylococcus.aureus.***),was.impregnated.into the *** with vancomycin s.owed.high bactericid.l activity agains. *** mechanical and.electrochemical properties.of the formed.coatings.were s.ud.ed.as.well as.in vitro cytotoxicity tes.s.and.in vivo tes.s.on mature male rats.were *** to s.M,Ed.,XRd.and.XPs.d.ta,coatings.had.a d.veloped.morphology and.contained.hyd.oxyapatite,which ind.cates.high *** analys.s.of roughnes. of coatings.without and.with vancomycin d.d.not reveal any d.fferences.confirming the high roughnes. of the *** electrochemical tes.s.an increas. in corros.on res.s.ance by more than two times.after the application of PEO coatings.was.*** to the res.lts.of an in vivo s.ud.,after 28 d.ys.of the implantation of s.mples.with calcium phos.hate PEO coating and.vancomycin,no s.gns.of inflammation were obs.rved.while an inflammatory reaction d.veloped.in the area of implantation of bare alloy,followed.by *** releas. tes.s.from the coatings.s.ow a s.arp d.creas. in the concentration of the releas.d.antibiotic on d.y 7 and.then a grad.al d.creas. until d.y *** the experiment,no s.gnificant d.viations.in the cond.tion and.behavior of the animals.were obs.rved.clinical tes.s.d.d.not reveal a s.s.emic toxic reaction.

关键词： Bioactive coatings Biocompatibility Mg alloy Plas.a electrolytic oxid.tion Hyd.oxyapatite Vancomycin

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