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生物多样性 1994年第B11期2卷 75-87页

作者： jeffrey a. mcneely Chief Biodiversity Officer IUCN 1196 Gla.d Swizerland

Toda.’s protected a.ea.:supporting a.more susta.na.le future for huma.ity

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Integra.ive Zoology 2020年第6期15卷 603-616页

作者： jeffrey a.mcneely Society for Conserva.ion Biology a.ia.Section Cha-AmPetchburiThailand

Na.ure provides significa.t benefits to people,especia.ly those living in a.d a.ound protected *** services from protected a.ea. include producing wild food,supporting biodiversity a.d wa.er cycles,regula.ing clima.e,a.d providing cultura. services like better hea.th,tourism,a.d lega.y for future *** economic terms,the flows of ecosystem services provided by protected a.ea. a.e worth hundreds of billions of dolla.s ea.h yea.,well justifying the costs of ma.a.ing these sites,but protected a.ea. a.e suffering from environmenta. problems such a. impa.ts from huma. popula.ion growth,rura. poverty,growing dema.ds for na.ura. resources,la.d use cha.ge tha. degra.es ecosystem productivity,inva.ive non-na.ive species tha. ha.m na.ura. ecosystems,a.d clima.e cha.ge tha. is a.fecting a.l *** these linked cha.lenges will require mobilizing a.l pa.ts of the economy,including the protected a.ea.*** exa.ple,protected a.ea. ca. ta.e a.lea.ership role in rura. development,expa.d the conserva.ion esta.e to ha.f of the pla.et through connectivity a.d improved ma.a.ement of more of the non-a.ricultura. la.d,enha.ce the prominent role of protected a.ea. in contributing to clima.e cha.ge mitiga.ion a.d a.a.ta.ion,encoura.e productive resea.ch on a.plying modern technology to protected a.ea. ma.a.ement,seek broa.er priva.e sector pa.ticipa.ion in conserving biodiversity a.d ecosystem services,a.d include protected a.ea. a. releva.t pa.ties in releva.t tra.e a.d other interna.iona. *** protected a.ea.ma.a.ers embra.e this broa.er role,they will find enthusia.tic public support for this contribution to a.susta.na.le huma. society.

关键词： a.chi ta.get clima.e cha.ge economic benefit ecosystem service la.dsca.e conserva.ion protected a.ea

Using economic instruments to overcome obsta.les to in situ conserva.ion of biodiversity

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Integra.ive Zoology 2006年第1期1卷 25-31页

作者： jeffrey a.mcneely IUCN-The World Conserva.ion Union GlandSwitzerland

The lea.ing direct ca.se of the loss of biodiversity is ha.ita. a.tera.ion a.d *** we a.e to a.dress this ca.se directly,we need to find wa.s of cha.ging the beha.ior of rura. *** ha. shown tha. this is done most effectively through the use of economic instruments,ra.ging from ta.es tha. discoura.e over-exploita.ion,to direct pa.ments for conserva.ion a.tivities ca.ried out by rura. la.d-owners or those occupying the *** ma.y pa.ts of the world,governments provide incentives such a. ta. brea.s to priva.e *** countries recognize specific use rights on pa.ticula. pa.ts of the la.d,ena.ling the la.d-owners to ea.n a.propria.e *** ma.y protected a.ea. ha.e resident huma. popula.ions,it is especia.ly importa.t tha. they be encoura.ed to contribute to the objectives of the protected a.ea.a.d economic incentives offer a. importa.t wa. of doing so;they might,for exa.ple,be given employment in the protected a.ea.or in a.socia.ed tourism *** pa.ments to fa.mers for conserving wa.ersheds is becoming increa.ingly popula.,in both developed a.d developing *** conserva.ion will require both removing perverse subsidies a.d developing a.wide ra.ge of a.proa.hes for rewa.ding la.d-owners for biodiversity conserva.ion a.tivities.

关键词： ecosystem services incentives indigenous peoples protected a.ea. resource rights

a.zoologica. perspective on pa.ments for ecosystem services

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Integra.ive Zoology 2007年第2期2卷 68-78页

作者： jeffrey a.mcneely IUCN–The World Conserva.ion Union GlandSwitzerland

The concept of pa.ments for ecosystem services is being developed a. a. importa.t mea.s of providing a.more diverse flow of benefits to people living in a.d a.ound ha.ita.s va.ua.le for *** Kyoto Protocol,under the United Na.ions Fra.ework Convention on Clima.e Cha.ge,includes a.Clea. Development Mecha.ism to provide for pa.ments for certa.n forms of ca.bon sequestra.ion tha. ma. benefit a.ima. species(a. lea.t a. a. incidenta. benefit).Other ma.ket-ba.ed a.proa.hes for pa.ing for ca.bon sequestra.ion services outside the Kyoto fra.ework a.e being promoted in va.ious pa.ts of the *** common form of pa.ment for ecosystem services is compensa.ing upstrea. la.downers for ma.a.ing their la.d in wa.s tha. ma.nta.n downstrea. wa.er qua.ity;this ca. include ha.ita. ma.a.ement tha. benefits wild a.ima. *** biodiversity itself is difficult to va.ue,it ca. be linked to other ma.kets,such a. certifica.ion in the ca.e of susta.na.ly-produced forest *** pa.er expa.ds on some of the ma.kets for ecosystem services tha. a.so benefit wildlife,identifies releva.t sources of informa.ion,a.d highlights some of the initia.ives linking such ma.kets to poverty *** ma.kets work for ecosystem services requires a. a.propria.e policy fra.ework,government support,opera.iona. institutiona. support,a.d innova.ion a. sca.es from the site level to the na.iona. *** ha.e much to contribute to a.l of these steps.

关键词： biodiversity ca.bon tra.ing ecosystem services pa.ments wa.ersheds

Systems or species? a.proa.hes to conserva.ion for the 21st century

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Integra.ive Zoology 2006年第2期1卷 86-95页

作者： jeffrey a.mcneely IUCN-The World Conserva.ion Union GlandSwitzerland

One of the hot deba.es in the conserva.ion community is whether to focus on individua. species(for exa.ple,through species recovery pla.s,or lists of threa.ened species)or on systems a.proa.hes(such a. the ecosystem a.proa.h a.voca.ed by the Convention on Biologica. Diversity).This pa.er will discuss some of the va.ious options,before rea.hing a.conclusion tha. both a.proa.hes a.e va.id a.d mutua.ly reinforcing,a.d tha. the dichotomy is a.fa.se *** more importa.tly,no conserva.ion investment is likely to be effective if economic,socia.,a.d politica. fa.tors a.e driving in the opposite ***,we need multiple a.proa.hes tha. build a.stronger politica. constituency,new wa.s of providing knowledge for decisions,better wa.s of mobilizing informa.ion a.d dyna.ic a.proa.hes tha. ena.le us to a.a.t to cha.ging conditions,a.d new wa.s to genera.e funding for conserva.ion.

关键词： biodiversity conserva.ion ecosystem a.proa.h protected a.ea. species