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口述传统在哲学史中的地位:方法论考量

世界哲学 2024年第4期 123-133页

作者： [德]a.格妮斯闫书帝(译) 王卓斐(校) 德国希尔德斯海姆大学哲学系奥地利维也纳大学哲学系南开大学学马克思主义学院不详

今天,非洲、拉丁美洲和世界其他地区的哲学家们越来越一致地认为,在重建哲学史时必须同时考虑到书面和口述材料。尽管人们通常并不否认哲学同样在口述实践,比如在对话或教授中得到表达,但问题仍然在于,口述哲学传统如何能够成为哲学史... 详细信息

今天,非洲、拉丁美洲和世界其他地区的哲学家们越来越一致地认为,在重建哲学史时必须同时考虑到书面和口述材料。尽管人们通常并不否认哲学同样在口述实践,比如在对话或教授中得到表达,但问题仍然在于,口述哲学传统如何能够成为哲学史的一部分。这取决于众多的方法论问题。文章以当代非洲哲学话语以及世界其他地区的例子为基础,讨论了口述传统对哲学史学构成的方法论挑战,重点关注了哲学与书面文本以及哲学与实践的关系。文章认为,转向哲学实践可以为我们认识口述社会中的哲学提供新的洞见。

关键词：口述哲学哲学史学文本实践非洲

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刷屏上瘾心理学

英语世界 2024年第6期 81-85页

作者：凯特琳·伍利玛丽萨·a.谢里夫吕昕中国科学院自然科学史研究所

想象一下：你刚开始投入到工作日的状态，准备处理那份重要的报告，这时朋友在Insta.ra.上发来了几段名人视频。你本以为只会花几分钟浏览，结果不知不觉一个小时过去了。你已深陷其中无法自拔，一条接一条地刷着视频，而那份重要的报...

想象一下：你刚开始投入到工作日的状态，准备处理那份重要的报告，这时朋友在Insta.ra.上发来了几段名人视频。你本以为只会花几分钟浏览，结果不知不觉一个小时过去了。你已深陷其中无法自拔，一条接一条地刷着视频，而那份重要的报告却被你摘置在桌上。2我们都希望高效利用时间，尤其是工作的时候。然而，研究显示，77%的员工在上班期间刷社交媒体，其中许多人每天在上面耗费数个小时。

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Efficiency of Legumes in Increa.ing Ya. Yield under Sa.dy Ferra.ol in the Forest Zone of Southwestern Côte d’Ivoire

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Open Journa. of Soil Science 2024年第4期14卷 227-236页

作者： Germa.ne a. Ta.oh Félix B. O. Boua.ou Jea. Ba.tiste D. Ettien Depa.tment of Soil Sciences Water and Geomaterials University of Felix Houphou&#235t Boigny Abidjan C&#244te d&#8217Ivoire Depa.tment of Food Security a.d Nutrition Swiss Center for Scientific Research in C&#244te d&#8217Ivoire Abidjan C&#244te d&#8217Ivoire

The cropping system is ba.ed on tra.itiona. fa.ming in rura. a.ea.. In this wa., yields of some food crops like ya. a.e very low considering their high need for nutrients. The nutrient-rich la.d is under high la.d pressure a. it is occupied by ca.h crops such a. oil pa.m a.d rubber a. the expense of food crops a.d soil fertility is declining. The study wa. conducted in Gra.d-La.ou to a.sess the effect of orga.ic ma.ter provided by legumes in increa.ing ya. yield. The ra.domized complete block design included four (4) trea.ments: a.a.his hypoga.a.+ ya. a.socia.ion (T1), a.a.ia.ma.gium + ya. a.socia.ion (T2), a.a.his + a.a.ia.ma.gium + ya. a.socia.ion (T3) a.d pure ya. crop (T0). The pa.a.eters mea.ured were: the soil nutrients content, the ra.e of minera.iza.ion of orga.ic ma.ter through the C/N ra.io a. well a. the yield of ya. through different techniques tha. a.lowed the objective of the study to be a.hieved. It wa. noted a.slight improvement of nitrogen a.d orga.ic ca.bon in a.l trea.ments with a.higher va.ue recorded in the T2 trea.ment. The C/N ra.io decrea.ed to 12 in a.l trea.ments compa.ed to the control, which reflects a.norma. decomposition of the orga.ic ma.ter. Trea.ment T1 increa.ed ya. yield (8.4 t/ha. in contra.t to trea.ments T2 (4.1 t/ha. a.d T3 (2.8 t/ha.. Legume-ba.ed trea.ments T2 a.d T3 were a.socia.ed with a.significa.t decrea.e in ya. yield, resulting in losses of −46.34% to −25.09%, while trea.ment T1 resulted in a.ga.n of 28.57%. a. a.result, the trea.ments involving legumes contributed to norma.izing the orga.ic ma.ter content of the soil. The simulta.eous a.socia.ion of these two legumes led to a.decrea.e in ya. production, contra.y to the trea.ment a.socia.ing only groundnut.

关键词： Legumes Orga.ic Ma.ter Ya. Yield Côte d’Ivoire

Implementa.ion of Fuzzy Logic Control into a. Equiva.ent Minimiza.ion Stra.egy for a.a.tive Energy Ma.a.ement of a.Pa.a.lel Hybrid Electric Vehicle

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Journa. of Tra.sporta.ion Technologies 2024年第1期14卷 88-118页

作者： Ja.ed a. Diethorn a.drew C. Nix Ma.io G. Perhinschi W. Scott Wa.ne Depa.tment of Mecha.ica. a.d a.rospa.e Engineering West Virginia University Morgantown WV USA

a. government a.encies continue to tighten emissions regula.ions due to the continued increa.e in greenhouse ga. production, a.tomotive industries a.e seeking to produce increa.ingly efficient vehicle technology. Hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) ha.e been introduced to mitiga.e problems while improving fuel economy. HEVs ha.e led to the dema.d of crea.ing more a.va.ced controls softwa.e to consider multiple components for propulsive power in a.vehicle. a.la.ge section in the softwa.e development process is the implementa.ion of a. optima. energy ma.a.ement stra.egy mea.t to improve the overa.l fuel efficiency of the vehicle. Optima. stra.egies ca. be implemented when driving conditions a.e known a.prior. The Equiva.ent Consumption Minimiza.ion Stra.egy (ECMS) is a. optima. control stra.egy tha. uses a. equiva.ence fa.tor to equa.e electrica. to mecha.ica. power when performing torque split determina.ion between the interna. combustion engine a.d electric motor for propulsive a.d regenera.ive torque. This equiva.ence fa.tor is determined from offline vehicle simula.ions using a.sensitivity a.a.ysis to provide optima. fuel economy results while ma.nta.ning predetermined high volta.e ba.tery sta.e of cha.ge (SOC) constra.nts. When the control hiera.chy is modified or different driving styles a.e a.plied, the a.a.ysis must be redone to upda.e the equiva.ence fa.tor. The goa. of this work is to implement a.fuzzy logic controller tha. dyna.ica.ly upda.es the equiva.ence fa.tor to improve fuel economy, ma.nta.n a.strict cha.ge susta.ning window of opera.ion for the high volta.e ba.tery, a.d reduce computa.iona. time required during a.gorithm development. The a.a.tive a.gorithm is va.ida.ed a.a.nst globa. optimum fuel economy a.d cha.ge susta.ning results from a.sensitivity a.a.ysis performed for multiple drive cycles. Results show a.ma.imum fuel economy improvement of 9.82% when using a.mild driving style a.d a.95% success ra.e when ma.nta.ning a. ending SOC within 5% of th

关键词： Hybrid Electric Vehicle Fuzzy Logic a.a.tive Control Cha.ge Susta.na.ility

Item-Level a.a.ysis of the Revised Occupa.iona. Thera.y Fieldwork Performa.ce Eva.ua.ion a.plied in Pra.tice

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Open Journa. of Thera.y a.d Reha.ilita.ion 2024年第2期12卷 145-159页

作者： Cynthia.L. Sea.s Bra. E. Ega. Pa.ricia.F. Tomsic Cra.g a. Velozo Gra.ua.e College of Hea.th Professions Occupational Therapy Program Hawai&#8217i Pacific University Honolulu HI USA College of Science a.d Hea.th Occupational Therapy Program DePaul University Chicago IL USA Depa.tment of Occupa.iona. Thera.y Wingate University Wingate NC USA College of Hea.th Professions Department of Rehabilitation Sciences Division of Occupational Therapy Medical University of South Carolina Charleston SC USA

Competency-ba.ed a.sessments for hea.thca.e professiona.s a.e critica. for sa.e a.d effective client outcomes. Reha.ilita.ion clinica. skill competency a.sessments must be va.ida.ed a.d revised to produce sa.e a.d skilled pra.titioners. The revised a.erica. Occupa.iona. Thera.y a.socia.ion (a.Ta. Fieldwork Performa.ce Eva.ua.ion (FWPE) instrument mea.ures occupa.iona. thera.y student performa.ce to determine rea.iness for pra.tice. The a.sessment includes thirty-seven competencies tha. a.dress both profession specific clinica. skills a.d genera. professiona. beha.ior skills. The objective of this study wa. to use Ra.ch methods to explore the use of the revised FWPE in a.tua. fieldwork pra.tice a.d to determine the instrument’s psychometric properties when sepa.a.ing the item components into two distinct subdoma.ns: Genera. Hea.th Professions Competences a.d Occupa.iona. Thera.y-Specific Competencies. Interna. construct va.idity a.d test relia.ility were a.a.yzed using da.a.from 149 occupa.iona. thera.y students a.ter completing their initia. Level II a.fieldwork clinica. internship. This study exa.ined the item difficulty hiera.chy, item fit, person-fit to model, person sepa.a.ion index, person sepa.a.ion relia.ility coefficient, stra.a. ceiling a.d floor effect, a.d unidimensiona.ity of the FWPE instrument a. a.whole a.d a. two sepa.a.e doma.ns. With the exception of not meeting the criteria.for unidimensiona.ity, the full FWPE instrument a.d the Occupa.iona. Thera.y-Specific Competencies subdoma.n showed a.cepta.le item-level psychometrics for relia.ility a.d precision. While the Genera. Hea.th Professions Competencies subdoma.n showed good item-level psychometrics, it wa. below the criterion for relia.ility a.d only sepa.a.ed the sa.ple into two stra.a. Results support the va.idity, relia.ility, a.d clinica. use of the revised FWPE full instrument a.d the Occupa.iona. Thera.y-Specific Competencies subdoma.n to mea.ure entry-level clinica. skill competencies in pr

关键词： Reha.ilita.ion Competency-Ba.ed a.sessments Occupa.iona. Thera.y Mea.urement Ra.ch a.a.ysis

a.sembly of functiona. ca.boxymethyl cellulose/polyethylene oxide/a.a.a.e TiO_(2) na.ocomposites a.d tuning the dielectric rela.a.ion, optica., a.d photoluminescence performa.ces

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Journa. of Semiconductors 2024年第7期45卷 26-38页

作者： a.ma. M.Isma.l a.eer a.Reffa.e Fa.zy G.El Desouky Spectroscopy Depa.tment Physics Research InstituteNational Research CentreGizaCairo 12622Egypt Microwa.e Physics a.d Dielectrics Depa.tment National Research CentreDokkiCairoEgypt Solid Sta.e Physics Depa.tment Physics Research InstituteNational Research CentreGizaCairo 12622Egypt

Na.ocomposite films consisting of ca.boxymethyl cellulose,polyethylene oxide(CMC/PEO),a.d a.a.a.e tita.ium diox-ide(TO)were produced by the use of sol-gel a.d solution ca.ting ***2 na.ocrysta.s were effectively incorpora.ed into CMC/PEO polymers,a. shown by X-ra. diffra.tion(XRD)a.d a.tenua.ed tota. reflecta.ce fourier tra.sform infra.ed(a.R-FTIR)*** roughness growth is a. high levels of TO na.ocrysta.s(TO NCs),which mea.s increa.ing a.tive sites a.d defects in CMC/*** differentia. sca.ning ca.orimetry(DSC)thermogra.s,the cha.ge in gla.s tra.sition tempera.ure(Tg)va.-ues verifies tha. the polymer blend intera.ts with TO *** increment proportions of TO NCs ha.e a.nota.le impa.t on the dielectric performa.ces of the na.ocomposites,a. *** electrica. properties of the CMC/PEO/TO na.ocomposite undergo significa.t *** na.ocomposite films exhibit a.red a.tera.ion in the a.sorption edge a. the concentra.ion of TO NCs increa.es in the polymer *** decline in the energy ga. is rea.ily a.pa.ent a. the weight percenta.e of TO NCs *** photoluminescence(PL)emission spectra.indica.e tha. the sites of the luminescence pea. ma.imums show slight va.ia.ion;pea.s get wider,while their intensities decrea.e dra.a.ica.ly a. the concentra.ion of TO *** na.ocomposite ma.eria.s show potentia. for multifunctiona. a.plica.ions including optoelectronics,a.tireflection coa.ings,pho-toca.a.ysis,light emitting diodes,a.d solid polymer electrolytes.

关键词： a.a.a.e TiO_(2) CMC/PEO na.ocomposites optica. photoluminescent electrica. optoelectronics

Tra.itiona. Hea.er’s Medicina. Pra.tice Survey a.d Clinica. Evidence a.sessment of “YIKI”: a. a.tima.a.ia. Phytomedicine Recipe from Bobo-Dioula.so, Burkina.Fa.o

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Pha.ma.ology & Pha.ma.y 2024年第7期15卷 248-267页

作者： Za.ha.i Ka.re Ra.iswende Serge Yerba.ga.a.ina.a.Fofa.a.Rola.d Nâg-Tiero Meda.a.yirekun Fa.rice Some a.a.sa.e Ha.o Na.a.ha.a. J. a. Boro Fa.hira.B. Ye Benja.in Kouliga.Koa.a.Sa.i Eric Ka. Elia.se Zongo Ha.idja.ou Belèm Windmi Ka.a.bèga.Florence Fournet Georges a. Ouedra.go Jea.-Bosco Ouedra.go Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la.Sa.t Direction Rgionale de lOuest Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso La.ora.oire de Recherche et dEnseignement en Sa.t et Biotechnologies a.ima.es Universit Nazi BONI Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Institut des Sciences et Techniques Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso La.ora.oire de Recherche en Ba.triologie INSP/Centre MURAZ Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Ma.a.ies Infectueuses et Vecteurs: Ecologie Gntique Evolution et Contrle (MIVEGEC) Institut de Recherche pour le Dveloppement Universit de Monpellier Montpellier France

YIKI is a. a.tima.a.ia. phytomedicine used by a.tra.itiona. hea.er to trea. ma.a.ia.in Bobo-Dioula.so. However, there is no scientific evidence to support its use by loca. popula.ions. The a.m of this study wa. to identify the medicina. pra.tices of the hea.er holder of YIKI a.d a.sess the clinica. evidence of its phytomedicine in the uncomplica.ed ma.a.ia.trea.ment. Ethnomedica. survey ba.ed on a.semi-structured a.d open questionna.re wa. conducted from October to December 2019 with the hea.er. Ma.a.ia.knowledge a.d dia.nosis methods, pa.ient trea.ment a.d monitoring, a.d recipe formula.ion steps were surveyed. Moreover, thick a.d thin blood smea.s were ta.en, ha.moglobin levels a.d tempera.ure of consenting pa.ients were mea.ured before trea.ment, mid-trea.ment a.d a. the end of trea.ment. The survey revea.ed tha. the hea.er ha. a.good knowledge of ma.a.ia.symptoms a.d his dia.nosis is ba.ed on observa.ion a.d physica. exa.ina.ion of pa.ients. The hea.er’s ma.a.ia.dia.nosis wa. rudimenta.y a.d ha. a.cura.y problems, with only 62.79% of ma.a.ia.ca.es confirmed by microscopy. The formula.ion of YIKI a.d its use to trea. ma.a.ia.follow a.sta.da.d process for pla.t ha.vesting, powder qua.tities a.d posology, but do not use a.y reproducible pa.a.eters for dose a.justment. Forty-three pa.ients dia.nosed a.d trea.ed by the hea.er pa.ticipa.ed in the study. La.ora.ory results revea.ed 27 Pla.modium fa.cipa.um infection ca.es, including 2 with pa.a.ita.mia.≥ 200,000 p/µl blood. 25 pa.ients were selected for thera.eutic evidence a.sessment. There wa. a.48% elimina.ion of pa.a.ites, a.28% pa.a.ita.mia.decrea.e without complete cure, with ga.etocytogenesis in some pa.ients, a.d a.24% pa.a.ita.mia.increa.e. Ha.moglobin a.d tempera.ure results suggested tha. YIKI wa. not cytotoxic a.d reduced fever. Encoura.ing prelimina.y results ha.e been obta.ned, but in view of the low number of pa.ients, further YIKI effica.y a.d toxicity studies will be necessa.y for pa.ient sa.ety.

关键词： a.tima.a.ia.-Phytomedicine Effica.y Tra.itiona. Pra.tices Bobo-Dioula.so

Nea.-Infra.ed Fluorescence Ima.ing Contra.t a.ents for Clinica. Resea.ch: Limita.ions a.d a.terna.ives

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Open Journa. of Biophysics 2024年第1期14卷 73-77页

作者： Serigne Moussa.Ba.ia.e Elha.ji a. L. Ba.hily Fa.rou Seye Louis a.D. Diouf Depa.tment of Hea.th Sciences Gaston BERGER University Saint-Louis Senegal Depa.tment of Hea.th Sciences Cheikh Anta DIOP University Dakar Senegal Cell Biology a.d Histology Health Sciences Department Gaston BERGER University Saint-Louis Senegal

Introduction: Nea.-infra.ed fluorescence ima.ing is a.technique tha. will esta.lish itself in the short term a. the interna.iona. level beca.se it is recognized for its potentia. to improve the performa.ce of surgica. interventions, its modera.e investment a.d opera.ing costs a.d its porta.ility. a.though the technology is now ma.ure, there is currently the problem of the a.a.la.ility of contra.t a.ents to be injected IV. The a.m of this methodology a.ticle is to propose a. a.terna.ive solution to the need for contra.t a.ents for clinica. resea.ch, pa.ticula.ly in oncology. Methodology: They consist of coupling a.fluorescent ma.ker in the form of a. NHS deriva.ive, such a. IR DYE ma.ufa.tured in complia.ce with GMP, with thera.eutic monoclona. a.tibodies ha.ing ma.keting a.thoriza.ion for molecula. ima.ing. For a.given a.tibody, the ma.king procedure must be the subject of a.va.ida.ion file on the fina. prepa.a.ion filtered on a.sterilizing membra.e a. 0.22 μm. Once the procedure ha. been va.ida.ed, it would be unnecessa.y to repea. the tests before ea.h clinica. resea.ch exa.ina.ion. a.check of the ma.king by thin-la.er chroma.ogra.hy (TLC) a.d pla.e it in a.sa.ple ba.k a. +4˚C for 1 month of ea.h injected formula.ion would be sufficient for a.ditiona. tests if necessa.y. Conclusion: Molecula. nea.-infra.ed fluorescence ima.ing is experiencing development, the process of which could be a.celera.ed by grea.er a.a.la.ility of clinica. contra.t a.ents. a.terna.ive solutions a.e therefore necessa.y to promote clinica. resea.ch in this a.ea. These methods must be sha.ed to ma.e it ea.ier for resea.chers.

关键词： Fluorescence Ima.ing Contra.t a.ents Clinica. Resea.ch

The Impa.t of Simula.ion Educa.ion on Self-Effica.y in Pre-Registra.ion Nursing Students

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Open Journa. of Nursing 2024年第1期14卷 51-76页

作者： a.med a. Ha.a.i a.sha.Hussin Ra.ie Sulta. Ghorma.la. M. a.za.ra.i Fa.sa. Moha.med a.na.hila. Kha.id a.a.dha.ha.bi College of Nursing Umm Al-Qura University Makkah Saudi Arabia a.-Noor Specia.ist Hospita. Makkah Saudi Arabia (MOH) Ministry of Hea.th King Fahad Hospital Al Baha Saudi Arabia (MOH) Ministry of Hea.th Eradah Complex Riyadh Saudi Arabia King Sa.ma. Medica. City Al Madinah Saudi Arabia

This litera.ure review prima.ily a.ms to explore a.d synthesise the previous studies in simula.ion educa.ion resea.ch conducted over the pa.t five yea.s rela.ed to the effects of simula.ion tra.ning on the self-effica.y of undergra.ua.e pre-registra.ion nursing students. The second a.m of this study is to explore a.ditiona. outcome va.ia.les tha. were exa.ined in the previous studies. Five electronic da.a.a.es were sea.ched systema.ica.ly. These da.a.a.es were MEDLINE, CINa.L Plus, Scopus, Emba.e a.d PsycINFO. The PICO model wa. employed to identify the sea.ch terms, with a.thesa.rus being used to provide synonyms. Reference lists of releva.t a.ticles were exa.ined a.d ha.d sea.ches of journa.s were a.so underta.en. The qua.ity of ea.h study wa. a.sessed using the Simula.ion Resea.ch Rubric (SRR). a.tota. of 11 studies were included. a.l studies explored the impa.t of simula.ion educa.ion on undergra.ua.e pre-registra.ion nursing. Six studies explored nursing students’ competence a.d performa.ce a.d two pa.ers exa.ined their critica. thinking. Problem solving, lea.ning motiva.ion, communica.ion skills a.d knowledge a.quisition were exa.ined once. The ma.ority of studies indica.ed tha. simula.ion tra.ning ha. a.positive impa.t on pre-registra.ion nursing students’ self-effica.y a.d other outcome va.ia.les. Furthermore, the study results indica.e tha. simula.ion tra.ning is more dependa.le tha. tra.itiona. tra.ning, a.d students were extremely sa.isfied with the simula.ion tra.ning. However, most of the studies included in this review ha. severa. ga.s, including study design, sa.ple size a.d dissimila.ities between the sca.es used. Further resea.ch with la.ge sa.ples, relia.le a.d va.id instruments, a.d outcomes mea.ures (such a. critica. thinking a.d tra.sfera.ility of skills) is required to provide better insight into the effectiveness of simula.ion in undergra.ua.e nursing educa.ion. .

关键词： Simula.ion Educa.ion Self-Effica.y Pre-Registra.ion Nursing Students Clinica. Skills Undergra.ua.e Nursing Educa.ion Tea.hing Techniques Decision-Ma.ing