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Pla.t popula.ion a.d weeds influence sta.k insects, soil moisture, a.d yield in ra.nfed sunflowers

Insect Science 2007年第5期14卷 425-435页

作者： jawwad a. qureshi PHILLIP W. STa.LMa. J. P. MICHa.D Depa.tment of Entomology Kansas State University Agricultural Research Center Hays Kansas USA Depa.tment of a.ronomy Kansas State University Agricultural Research Center Hays Kansas USA

Insect infesta.ion, soil moisture, a.d yield were exa.ined in popula.ions of≈33 140 pla.ts/ha.（low） a.d ≈ 40 340 pla.ts/ha.（high） of a. oilseed sunflower, Helia.thus a.nuus L, cv. ＇ Triumph 660CL＇ with two levels of weediness. Less weedy plots resulted from the a.plica.ion of herbicide combina.ion of S-metola.hlor a.d sulfentra.one, wherea. more weedy plots resulted from a.plica.ion of sulfentra.one a.one. a.ong the 12 weed species recorded, neither pla.t numbers nor bioma.s differed between crop pla.t densities. La.va. of the sta.k-boring insects Cylindrocopturus a.spersus （Coleoptera. Curculionida.） a.d Mordellistena.sp. （Coleoptera. Mordellida.） were less a.unda.t in high density sunflowers, ostensibly due to reduced pla.t size. However, the sa.e effect wa. not observed for Dectes texa.us （Coleoptera. Cera.bycida.） or Pelochrista.woma.a.a.（Lepidoptera. Tortricida.）, two other sta.k-boring insects. Soil moisture wa. highest in low density a.d lowest in the high density sunflowers tha. were less weedy. Sta.k circumference, hea. dia.eter, a.d seed weight were reduced for sunflower pla.ts with short interpla.t dista.ces （mea. = 20 cm a.a.t） compa.ed to pla.ts with long interpla.t dista.ces （mea. = 46 cm a.a.t）. These three va.ia.les were grea.er in less weedy plots compa.ed with more weedy plot〉 a.d positively correla.ed with interpla.t dista.ce. Yields on a.per-hecta.e ba.is pa.a.leled those on a.per-pla.t ba.is but were not different a.ong trea.ments. The a.ronomic implica.ions of pla.ting density a.e discussed in the context of weed a.d insect ma.a.ement.

关键词： Cylindrocopturus a.spersus Dectes texa.us Mordellistena.sp. neutron probe Pelochrista.woma.a.a pla.t popula.ion soil moisture sunflower yield weed control

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Bota.ica.s, selective insecticides, a.d preda.ors to control Dia.horina.citri （Hemiptera. Liviida.） in citrus orcha.ds

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Insect Science 2014年第6期21卷 717-726页

作者： a.ha. a. Kha. Muha.ma. a.za. jawwad a. qureshi a.if M. Kha. a.uba.a. M. Ra.a Depa.tment of a.ricultura. Entomology University of Sargodha Sargodha Pakistan Depa.tment of Entomology & Nema.ology Southwest Florida Research and Education Center Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences University of Florida Immokalee Florida USA Depa.tment of Biotechnology University of Sargodha Sargodha Pakistan

The a.ia. citrus psyllid （a.P） Dia.horina.citri Kuwa.a.a.vectors pa.hogens tha. ca.se hua.glongbing （HLB） or citrus greening deva.ta.ing a.d economica.ly im- porta.t disea.e present in most citrus growing regions. Young citrus shoots a.e required for psyllid reproduction a.d development. During winter citrus trees produce little or no new growth. Overwintering a.ults reproduce in spring on newly emerging shoots a.so a.tra.tive to other pests a.d beneficia. insects. Bota.ica.s a.d rela.ively selective insecti- cides could help to conserve beneficia. insects a.d reduce pest resista.ce to insecticides. Spra.s of a.a.ira.htin （Neem）, Tropa.e （Da.ura., Spirotetra.a., Spinetora., a.d broa.- spectrum Imida.loprid were eva.ua.ed to control a.P in spring a.d summer on 10-yea.-old ＂Kinow＂ Citrus reticula.a.Bla.co trees producing new growth. Psyllid popula.ions were high a.era.ing 5-9 nymphs or a.ults per sa.ple before trea.ment a.plica.ion. Nymphs or a.ults were significa.tly reduced to 0.5-1.5 per sa.ple in a.l trea.ments for 3 weeks, a.er- a.e 61%-83% reduction. No significa.t reduction in la.ybeetles a.a.ia.bipuncta.a. a.e- glei sca.doni, Cheilomenes sexma.ula.a. a.d Coccinella.septempuncta.a.wa. observed. Syrphids, spiders a.d green la.ewings were reduced in trea.ed trees except with Tropa.e. Studies a.e wa.ra.ted to a.sess impa.t of these preda.ors on a.P a.d intera.tion with insecticides. Observed reduction in a.P popula.ions ma. not be enough considering its reproductive potentia. a.d role in the sprea. of HLB. Follow-up spra.s ma. be required to a.hieve a.ditiona. suppression using rota.ions of different insecticides.

关键词： a.ia. citrus psyllid biopesticides Coccinellids hua.glongbing preda.ors

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Differentia. coloniza.ion of whea. cultiva.s by two biotypes of Russia. whea. a.hid （Homoptera. a.hidida.）

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Insect Science 2005年第5期12卷 341-349页

作者： jawwad a. qureshi Ja.a.a. L. JYOTI J. P. MICHa.D Depa.tment of Entomology Kansas State University Agricultural Research Center Hays Kansas USA

Susceptible a.d resista.ce whea. cultiva.s, Triticum a.stivum L, were presented to two biotypes of Russia. whea. a.hid, Diura.his noxia.（Mordvilko）, in multiple choice tests to a.sa. their rela.ive a.cepta.ility a. host pla.ts. Both a.tera. （third a.d fourth insta.s） a.d a.a.e a.ults were offered pla.ts a. the two-lea. sta.e in different cultiva. combina.ions a. 22±1℃ a.d 16：8 （L： D） hour photoperiod. a.tera. were relea.ed from Petri dishes in the center of a.circle of test pla.ts, wherea. a.a.a. dispersed from a.ma.ure a.hid colony to settle on pla.ts a.ra.ged in rows. Both a.a.a. a.d a.terous nymphs of both biotypes rea.ily colonized a.l cultiva.s tested：‘2137＇, ‘a.ron＇,‘a.kor’,‘ Ha.t’ ,‘ Ja.ger’ ,‘ Pra.rie Red’ , ‘Sta.ton＇,‘Ta. 107＇,‘Ta. 110＇,‘Trego＇, ‘ Yuma., a.d ‘Yuma.＇. Fewer biotype I a.tera. responded （settled a.d fed） in the combina.ion conta.ning more resista.t （Dn4- a.d Dny-expressing） cultiva.s, compa.ed to the combina.ions tha. ha. fewer. The reverse wa. true for biotype 2 a.tera.; more a.hids responded in the combina.ion conta.ning the la.gest number of Dn4 expressing cultiva.s. Differentia. coloniza.ion of cultiva.s wa. observed in only one combina.ion, in which biotype 2 a.tera. colonized a.ron a.d Yuma. in la.ger numbers tha. they did Sta.ton a.d Yuma. a.sepa.a.e experiment confirmed tha., 48 hours a.ter infesta.ion, more biotype 2 a.tera. a.a.doned pla.ts of Yuma.tha. pla.ts of Yuma.. This differentia. response wa. likely due to genetic differences between the two ＇ nea. isogenic＇ lines tha. include the la.k of Dn4 expression in Yuma. Choice tests with a.a.a. did not result in differentia. ra.es of cultiva. coloniza.ion by either biotype in a.y combina.ion tested. These results suggest tha. young whea. pla.ts a.pea. to la.k a.y mea.ingful a.tixenosis towa.d D. noxia. even though the a.hids a.pea. to perceive, a.d sometimes respond to, certa.n differences in cultiva. suita.ility.

关键词： a.tixenosis biotypes coloniza.ion preference Russia. whea. a.hid Triticum a.stivum

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Feeding beha.ior a.d hormoligosis a.socia.ed with imida.loprid resista.ce in a.ia. citrus psyllid,Dia.horina.citri

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Insect Science 2024年第4期31卷 1211-1221页

作者： Xue Dong Chen Justin George La.ren M.Diepenbrock Hunter Gossett Guoping Liu jawwad a.qureshi Luka.z L.Stelinski Entomology a.d Nema.ology Depa.tment University of FloridaCitrus Research and Education CenterLake AlfredFloridaUSA Southern Insect Ma.a.ement Resea.ch Unit USDA-ARSStonevilleMississippiUSA Entomology a.d Nema.ology Depa.tment University of FloridaSouthwest Florida Research and Education CenterImmokaleeFloridaUSA

Imida.loprid is a.neonicotinoid insecticide used for ma.a.ing the a.ia. citrus psyllid,Dia.horina.citri Kuwa.a.a.which serves a. vector of phytopa.hogens ca.sing citrus ***,development of resista.ce to neonicotinoids a.ong popula.ions of *** ha. coincided with occa.iona. control fa.lures in the *** objectives of this resea.ch were to(1)survey current levels of imida.loprid resista.ce in Florida.citrus;(2)compa.e feeding beha.ior between imida.loprid-resista.t a.d susceptible *** using electrica. penetra.ion gra.h recordings,a.d(3)investiga.e the possible a.plifica.ion of insecticide hormoligosis a.socia.ed with *** surveys confirmed tha. the susceptibility of *** popula.ions to imida.loprid ha. decrea.ed in commercia. Florida.citrus groves compa.ed with a.la.ora.ory-susceptible *** 12 genera.ions of selection,resista.ce to imida.loprid increa.ed by 438 fold compa.ed with the susceptible ***-susceptible *** feeding on citrus exhibited significa.tly more bouts a.socia.ed with intercellula. pa.hwa.(C),phloem penetra.ion(D),phloem sa.iva.ion(E1),a.d nonprobing(Np)a.tivities tha. imida.loprid-resista.t ***,there were no differences observed in the frequency or dura.ion of phloem ingestion or xylem feeding between susceptible a.d resista.t *** wa. no sta.istica. difference in fecundity between resista.t a.d susceptible ***,the fecundity of imida.loprid-susceptible fema.e *** trea.ed with a.subletha. concentra.ion of imida.loprid(LC_(25))increa.ed significa.tly compa.ed with controls,while such hormoligosis wa. less pronounced a.ong imida.loprid-resista.t *** results suggest tha. imida.loprid-resista.t psyllids ma. cea.e feeding sooner tha. susceptible counterpa.ts following subletha. exposure to this insecticide,indica.ive of a.beha.iora. resista.ce mecha.ism.

关键词： a.tificia. selection electrica. penetra.ion gra.h feeding beha.ior hormoligosis insecticide resista.ce subletha. exposure

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