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第五章PRRS病毒——猪在感染PRRS病毒后会出现什么情况

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国外畜牧学（猪与禽） 2012年第9期32卷 6-11页

作者： j.zimmerman 郭传凤

○猪能通过鼻、肌肉、口腔和阴道等途径感染PRRS病毒。○感染后,猪能持续数周甚至长达数月低水平地散毒。在某些情况下,虽然PRRS病毒能在猪群中持续存在数月,但猪群中存在长期带毒者的情况仍未得到证实。○猪持续感染PRRS病毒是控制和根... 详细信息

○猪能通过鼻、肌肉、口腔和阴道等途径感染PRRS病毒。○感染后,猪能持续数周甚至长达数月低水平地散毒。在某些情况下,虽然PRRS病毒能在猪群中持续存在数月,但猪群中存在长期带毒者的情况仍未得到证实。○猪持续感染PRRS病毒是控制和根除PRRS等努力终告失败的最主要原因。○在持续感染的猪群中,PRRS病毒最有可能存在于淋巴组织(扁桃体、淋巴结)中。○持续感染的程度取决于很多因素,包括:猪感染时的日龄、猪先天免疫力和特定PRRS病毒毒株的特性。○PRRS病毒在自然环境下能保持活性的时间似乎不超过数天。温度、湿度、有机物质的存在以及所处环境的pH值都会影响病毒保持感染力的时间。○常规的清洗和消毒措施应该能有效控制环境中的PRRS病毒。

关键词： PRRS病毒猪群感染阴道口腔鼻

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使用非球面提高红外系统性能降低系统成本

红外技术 1982年第4期 1-6页

作者： j.zimmerman ,B.R.Reynolds ,王德安

在前视红外中使用非球面的结果表明,不仅提高了系统的性能,例如改善了象质、减少了阴蔽效应、增加了系统的透过率,而且还降低了系统的成本。本文描述了能够降低系统成本的非球面加工和测试技术,并用一个使用了非球面的小型高级前视红外... 详细信息

在前视红外中使用非球面的结果表明,不仅提高了系统的性能,例如改善了象质、减少了阴蔽效应、增加了系统的透过率,而且还降低了系统的成本。本文描述了能够降低系统成本的非球面加工和测试技术,并用一个使用了非球面的小型高级前视红外系统作为我们的设计思想的应用实例。

关键词：非球面透镜宽视场光学透镜前视红外球面零件光学零件光学元件物镜红外系统

“我只是不曾使用这个词”:关于利益相关者对文化遗产的理解的调査

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中国文化遗产 2018年第4期 108-109页

作者： Elizabeth Kryder-Reid jeremy W.Foutz Elizabeth Wood Larry j.zimmerman 王思渝

2018年第7期理解对于不同的利益相关者而言的遗产价值.既需要对相应的权力场予以重视,也需要寻求方法以探索使用者视角下的价值问题。在美国,官方话语通常将与土著人相关的文化遗产的价值建构为考古遗址,这是一种与殖民主义意识形态相... 详细信息

2018年第7期理解对于不同的利益相关者而言的遗产价值.既需要对相应的权力场予以重视,也需要寻求方法以探索使用者视角下的价值问题。在美国,官方话语通常将与土著人相关的文化遗产的价值建构为考古遗址,这是一种与殖民主义意识形态相匹配的阐释方式。

关键词：利益相关者文化遗产遗产价值价值问题考古遗址价值建构官方话语阐释方式

Biological transformation,kinetics and dose-response assessments of bound musk ketone hemoglobin adducts in rainbow trout as biomarkers of environmental exposure

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journal of Environmental Sciences 2008年第7期20卷 878-884页

作者： M A Mottaleb j H zimmerman T W Moy Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Baylor UniversityP.O.Box 97348WacoTX 76798USA. U.S.Environmental Protection Agency National Exposure Research LaboratoryEnvironmental Sciences Division944 East Harmon AveLas VegasNV 89119USA

Low levels (ng/g) of musk ketone (MK),used as a fragrance additive in the formulation of personal care products,are frequently detected in the water and other ***,aquatic organisms can be continuously exposed to *** this study,kinetics and dose-response assessments of 2-amino-MK (AMK) metabolite,bound to cysteine-hemoglobin (Hb) in rainbow trout,formed by enzymatic nitro-reduction of MK have been *** were exposed to a single exposure of 0.010,0.030,0.10,and 0.30 mg MK/g ***...

关键词： biotransformation kinetics hemoglobin adducts dose-response nitro musks biomarker fish

Pancreatic cancer survival trends in the US from 2001 to 2014:a CONCORD-3 study

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Cancer Communications 2023年第1期43卷 87-99页

作者： Maja Nikšić Pamela Minicozzi Hannah K Weir Heather zimmerman Maria j Schymura judith R Rees Michel P Coleman Claudia Allemani 无 Cancer Survival Group Department of Non-Communicable Disease EpidemiologyLondon School of Hygiene&Tropical MedicineKeppel StreetLondon WC1E 7HTUK Centre for Health Services Studies University of KentCanterbury CT27NFUK Division of Cancer Prevention and Control Centers for Disease Control and PreventionAtlantaGA 30333USA Montana Central Tumor Registry Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion BureauPO Box 2029511400 BroadwayHelenaMT 59620-2951USA Bureau of Cancer Epidemiology New York State Cancer RegistryNew York State Department of Health150 BroadwayAlbanyNY 12204-2719USA New Hampshire State Cancer Registry Norris Cotton Cancer Centerand Department of EpidemiologyGeisel School of MedicineDartmouth CollegeDartmouth-Hitchcock Medical CenterOne Medical Center DriveLebanonNH 03756USA Cancer Division University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust250 Euston RoadLondon NW12PGUK US CONCORDWorking Group

Background:Survival from pancreatic cancer is low *** the US,the 5-year relative survival has been slightly higher for women,whites and younger patients than for their counterparts,and differences in age and stage at diagnosis[Corrections added Nov 16,2022,after first online publication:a new affiliation is added to Maja Nikšić]may contribute to this *** aimed to examine trends in survival by race,stage,age and sex for adults(15-99 years)diagnosed with pancreatic cancer in the ***:This population-based study included 399,427 adults registered with pancreatic cancer in 41 US state cancer registries during 2001-2014,with followup to December 31,*** estimated age-specific and age-standardized net survival at 1 and 5 ***:Overall,12.3%of patients were blacks,and 84.2%were *** 9.5%of patients were diagnosed with localized disease,but 50.5%were diagnosed at an advanced stage;slightly more among blacks,mainly among *** substantial changes were seen over time(2001-2003,2004-2008,2009-2014).In general,1-year net survival was higher in whites than in blacks(26.1%vs.22.1%during 2001-2003,35.1%vs.31.4%during 2009-2014).This difference was particularly evident among patients with localized disease(49.6%in whites vs.44.6%in blacks during 2001-2003,60.1%vs.55.3%during 2009-2014).The survival gap between blacks and whites with localized disease was persistent at 5 years after diagnosis,and it widened over time(from 24.0%vs.21.3%during 2001-2003 to 39.7%vs.31.0%during 2009-2014).The survival gap was wider among men than among ***:Gaps in 1-and 5-year survival between blacks and whites were persistent throughout 2001-2014,especially for patients diagnosed with a localized tumor,for which surgery is currently the only treatment modality with the potential for cure.

关键词： pancreatic cancer race/ethnicity stage net survival population-based cancer registries

Twenty-first century climate change and submerged aquatic vegetation in a temperate estuary:the case of Chesapeake Bay

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Ecosystem Health and Sustainability 2017年第7期3卷 14-34页

作者： Thomas M.Arnold Richard C.zimmerman Katharina A.M.Engelhardt j.Court Stevenson Departments of Biology and Environmental Studies Dickinson CollegeCarlislePAUSA Department of Ocean Earth and Atmospheric SciencesOld Dominion UniversityNorfolkVAUSA Appalachian Laboratory University of Maryland Center for Environmental ScienceFrostburgMDUSA Horn Point Laboratory University of Maryland Center for Environmental ScienceCambridgeMDUSA

Introduction:The Chesapeake Bay was once renowned for expansive meadows of submerged aquatic vegetation(SAV).However,only 10%of the original meadows *** restoration effortswill be complicated by accelerating climate change,including physiological stressors such as a predicted mean temperature increase of 2-6℃and a 50-160%increase in CO_(2)***:As the Chesapeake Bay begins to exhibit characteristics of a subtropical estuary,summer heat waves will become more frequent and *** alone would eventually eliminate eelgrass(Zostera marina)from the *** will favor native heat-tolerant species such as widgeon grass(Ruppia maritima)while facilitating colonization by non-native seagrasses(e.g.,Halodule spp.).Intensifying human activity will also fuel coastal zone acidification and the resulting high CO_(2)/low pH conditions may benefit SAV via a“CO_(2)fertilization effect.”Discussion:Acidification is known to offset the effects of thermal stress and may have similar effects in estuaries,assuming water clarity is sufficient to support CO_(2)-stimulated photosynthesis and plants are not overgrown by ***,coastal zone acidification is variable,driven mostly by local biological processes that may or may not always counterbalance the effects of regional *** precarious equipoise between two forces-thermal stress and acidification-will be critically important because it may ultimately determine the fate of cool-water plants such as Zostera marina in the Chesapeake ***:The combined impacts of warming,coastal zone acidification,water clarity,and overgrowth of competing algae will determine the fate of SAV communities in rapidly changing temperate estuaries.

关键词： Submerged aquatic vegetation climate temperature coastal acidification Chesapeake Bay

Targeted treatment of cancer with radiofrequency electromagnetic fields amplitude-modulated at tumor-specific frequencies

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Chinese journal of Cancer 2013年第11期32卷 573-581页

作者： jacquelyn W.zimmerman Hugo jimenez Michael j.Pennison Ivan Brezovich Desiree Morgan Albert Mudry Frederico P.Costa Alexandre Barbault Boris Pasche Division of Hematology/Oncology Department of MedicineUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL 35294USA Department of Radiation Oncology University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL 35294USA Department of Radiology University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL 35294USA Department of Otorhinolaryngology Stanford School of MedicinePalo AltoCA 94304USA Centro de Oncologia Hospital Sírio LibanêsRua Dona Adma Jafet 90So PauloSPCEP 01308-050Brazil TheraBionic Gmbh Am Erlengraben 2D-76275-EttlingenGermany

In the past century, there have been many attempts to treat cancer with low levels of electric and magnetic fields. We have developed noninvasive biofeedback examination devices and techniques and discovered that patients with the same tumor type exhibit biofeedback responses to the same, precise frequencies. Intrabuccal administration of 27.12 MHz radiofrequency(RF) electromagnetic fields(EMF), which are amplitude-modulated at tumor-specific frequencies, results in long-term objective responses in patients with cancer and is not associated with any significant adverse effects. Intrabuccal administration allows for therapeutic delivery of very low and safe levels of EMF throughout the body as exemplified by responses observed in the femur, liver, adrenal glands, and lungs. In vitro studies have demonstrated that tumor-specific frequencies identified in patients with various forms of cancer are capable of blocking the growth of tumor cells in a tissue- and tumor-specific fashion. Current experimental evidence suggests that tumor-specific modulation frequencies regulate the expression of genes involved in migration and invasion and disrupt the mitotic spindle. This novel targeted treatment approach is emerging as an appealing therapeutic option for patients with advanced cancer given its excellent tolerability. Dissection of the molecular mechanisms accounting for the anti-cancer effects of tumor-specific modulation frequencies is likely to lead to the discovery of novel pathways in cancer.

关键词：射频电磁场肿瘤细胞癌症患者频率调节振幅调制治疗性异性生物反馈

Delivery of essential pediatric congenital surgical care within Brazil’s universal health coverage system:a national survey of pediatric surgeons

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World journal of Pediatric Surgery 2023年第3期6卷 136-146页

作者： Paul R Truche Abbie E Naus Fabio Botelho julia Ferreira Alexis Bowder Luke Caddell Kathrin zimmerman Isabella Maria de Freitas Faria Bellisa Caldas Lopes Eduardo Corrêa Costa Fernanda Lage Lima Dantas Augusto j S A Cavalcante Carlos A L B Carvalho Simone Abib David P Mooney Nivaldo Alonso Program in Global Surgery and Social Change Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA Department of Surgery Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical SchoolNew BrunswickNew JerseyUSA Department of Pediatric Surgery McGill UniversityMontrealQuébecCanada Department of Surgery Medical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWisconsinUSA Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Department of SurgeryUniversity of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWisconsinUSA School of Medicine UFMGBelo HorizonteMinas GeraisBrazil Department of Pediatric Surgery Instituto de Medicina Integral Professor Fernando FigueiraRecifeBrazil Department of Pediatric Surgery Hospital de Clinicas de Porto AlegrePorto AlegreBrazil Department of Pediatric Surgery Federal University of AcreRio BrancoBrazil Department of Pediatric Surgery Hospital Santa Casa de Belo HorizonteBelo HorizonteBrazil Department of Pediatric Surgery Federal University of Mato GrossoCuiabaBrazil Department of Pediatric Surgery UNIFESPSao PauloBrazil Department of Pediatric Surgery Boston Children's HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA Department of Plastic Surgery University of São Paulo Institute of Biomedical SciencesSao PauloBrazil

Objective In this study,we assess the delivery of congenital pediatric surgical care under Brazil’s system of universal health coverage and evaluate differences in delivery between public and private *** A cross-sectional national survey of pediatric surgeons in Brazil was *** were asked which of 23 interventions identified through the Disease Control Priorities 3(Surgical Interventions for Congenital Anomalies)they perform and to report barriers faced while providing surgical *** were weighted by state and stratified by sector(public vs private).Results A sample of 352 responses was obtained and weighted to represent 1378 practicing pediatric surgeons registered in Brazil during the survey time.73%spend the majority of their time working in the public sector(‘SistemaÚnico de Saúde’and Foundation hospitals),and most of them also work in the private ***,Brazilian pediatric surgeons have the expertise to provide thoracic,abdominal,and urologic *** working mostly in the public sector were more likely to report a lack of access to essential medications(25%vs 9%,p<0.01)and a lack of access to hospital beds for surgical patients(52%vs 32%,p<0.01).Conclusions Brazilian pediatric surgeons routinely perform thoracic,abdominal,and urologic *** working in government-financed hospitals face barriers related to infrastructure,which may impact Brazilians who rely on Brazil’s universal health coverage *** that support pediatric surgeons working in the public sector may promote the workforce available to provide congenital pediatric surgical care.

关键词： pediatric survey Brazil

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布氏菌菌血症病例报道和接种血培养研究

地方病译丛 1992年第2期13卷 20-22页

作者： S j.zimmerman 叶瑞玉

在世界许多地区、布氏菌病都是一种明显的职业病。许多国家业已成功地根除了本地动物中的布氏菌病,从而减少了人类感染的机会。在美国,自40年来部分地由于最初为了减少牛群中布氏菌病的暴发流行而采取的监测和拔源措施,从而使人间布氏... 详细信息

在世界许多地区、布氏菌病都是一种明显的职业病。许多国家业已成功地根除了本地动物中的布氏菌病,从而减少了人类感染的机会。在美国,自40年来部分地由于最初为了减少牛群中布氏菌病的暴发流行而采取的监测和拔源措施,从而使人间布氏菌的流行也大为减少。病例数从1947年的高峰6321例减少到1972年的232例,更进一步减少到1989年的仅仅83例。然而,很清楚的是布氏菌感染并没有被完全诊断出来和报告上来。据估计,在美国每报告1个病例。

关键词：布氏菌菌血症接种血培养