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降水的同位素组成中令人难以捉摸的气候信号

地质地球化学 1994年第4期22卷 25-31,37页

作者： j.R.Lawrence j.w.c.white 郑成华中科院广州地新所

降水的氢、氧同位素组成中包含有气候信号。降水中的两类气候信号表现为降水的同位素组成与温度和降水量之间有相关关系。在极地大陆地区，温度信号最强烈；在热带地区，降水量信号最强烈，在温带地区，这两种信号共存，从而使气候信息... 详细信息

降水的氢、氧同位素组成中包含有气候信号。降水中的两类气候信号表现为降水的同位素组成与温度和降水量之间有相关关系。在极地大陆地区，温度信号最强烈；在热带地区，降水量信号最强烈，在温带地区，这两种信号共存，从而使气候信息的解释比较困难。**对长期收集降水同位素数据的8个3也区的研究表明，降水同位素组成与气候信号之间的相关关系通常局根于一年中的某些季节。降水量与同位素或温度与同位素之间只在一年中的一定季节里保持良好的年间关系。而在逐年比较的基础上，大多数地区的全年尺度的相关关系则比较差。对纽约州东南部连续7年收集的各次降水的详尽分析表明，该区降水的同位素组成与温度和降水量乏间分别在在着年间的相关关系，但只限于一年中的特定的几个季节。1月至4月温度信号最强烈；5月至8月降水量信号最强烈；9月至12月未观测到单一的气候信号。春季改变暴风雨走向轨迹的大气环流模式，可极有效地解释1月至4月的温度信号。夏季大气环流模式所确定的降水期间的锋面位置，可极有效地解释5月至8月的降水量信号。

关键词：降水同位素氢氧气候信号

喜马拉雅山中段高过量氘与西风带水汽输送有关

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科学通报 2005年第7期50卷 669-672页

作者：田立德姚檀栋 j.w.c.white 余武生王宁练中国科学院青藏高原研究所冰芯与寒区环境实验室北京100085 Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research University of ColoradoBoulderUSA 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所冰芯与寒区环境实验室兰州730000

喜马拉雅山中段希夏邦马达索普冰芯及冰川融水中的过量氘显著异常,其值远远高于全球降水中过量氘均值及周围地区降水中过量氘值.附近站点聂拉木连续一年以上降水中过量氘的变化揭示了这一异常现象.研究发现这一异常与该地区降水的水汽... 详细信息

喜马拉雅山中段希夏邦马达索普冰芯及冰川融水中的过量氘显著异常,其值远远高于全球降水中过量氘均值及周围地区降水中过量氘值.附近站点聂拉木连续一年以上降水中过量氘的变化揭示了这一异常现象.研究发现这一异常与该地区降水的水汽来源地的季节变化有关.发现在季风爆发期,该地区降水受西南季风影响,过量氘的值与其他受海洋水汽来源的地区一样,为低值;而在非季风月份,水汽以西风输送为主,降水中过量氘为高值.而且在该地区冬春季降水占全年降水的比例较大,结果使得该地区整年平均降水中过量氘的值显著高于青藏高原南部其他地区.这一结论对该地区的冰芯研究有重要意义,表明喜马拉雅山中段冰芯的水汽来源并非全部来源于西南季风的水汽输送,而西风水汽输送占有很大比例.

关键词：喜马拉雅山水汽输送过量氘中段西风带西南季风水汽来源达索普冰芯冰川融水季风爆发季节变化异常现象周围地区全球降水春季降水冰芯研究青藏高原平均降水来源地年降水大比例海洋

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北半球大气cO2本底特征和季节性源汇动态

北半球大气CO2本底特征和季节性源汇动态

A functional tacrolimus-releasing nerve wrap for enhancing nerve regeneration following surgical nerve repair

中国气象学会2006年年会“大气成分与气候、环境变化”分会场

作者：周凌晞 T.j.conway j.w.c.white H.Mukai 张晓春温玉璞李金龙 K.Macclune 中国气象科学研究院中国气象局大气成分观测与服务中心中国气象局大气化学重点开放实验室 Global Monitoring Division Earth System Research Laboratory National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Boulder colorado USA. Institute for Arctic and Alpine Research University of colorado Boulder colorado USA. center for Global Environmental Research National Institute for Environmental Studies Tsukuba japan. 中国气象科学研究院中国气象局大气成分观测与服务中心中国气象局大气化学重点开放实验室中国气象科学研究院中国气象局大气成分观测与服务中心中国气象局大气化学重点开放实验室北京大学环境学院 Institute for Arctic and Alpine Research University of colorado Boulder colorado USA.

大气本底是指不受局地条件和人为活动直接影响、经充分混合的大气组成平均特征。本文基于1991年5月至2002年12月期间,我国瓦里关全球本底台(世界气象组织-全球大气观测即wMO-GAw的24个全球本底站之一)经严格国际比对和质量保证的长期观... 详细信息

大气本底是指不受局地条件和人为活动直接影响、经充分混合的大气组成平均特征。本文基于1991年5月至2002年12月期间,我国瓦里关全球本底台(世界气象组织-全球大气观测即wMO-GAw的24个全球本底站之一)经严格国际比对和质量保证的长期观测资料(同化并整合了美国国家海洋大气管理局全球温室气体采样观测网在瓦里关每周一次采样/分析数据及中国气象局在瓦里关现场连续观测资料),并与同期和同纬度海洋边界层参比值(MBL)、同一采样观测网中北半球其他11个本底站长期观测资料进行了综合对比和机理分析,探讨了瓦里关大气cO2及其δ13c和δ18O本底变化、源汇特征和形成机制,进一步阐述了瓦里关实测资料体现的亚洲内陆地域特点和全球代表性。11年间,瓦里关大气cO2及其δ13c和δ18O的月平均值变化分别约为+16ppm,–0.2‰和–0.5‰;瓦里关大气cO2长期上升趋势伴随着δ13c长期下降趋势,两者变率之比Δδ13c/ΔcO2约为(–0.011±0.105)‰ppm-1,反映了化石燃料燃烧释放cO2对全球及所在区域的持久性影响。瓦里关大气cO2的δ18O长期下降趋势可能归因于北半球大气cO2与土壤间非常活跃的18O交换,以及区域性土地利用变化导致c3向c4植物主导类型的不断转化。瓦里关大气cO2及其δ13c和δ18O多年平均季节变化的位相与其周边陆地生物圈年周期活动基本一致,季节振幅分别约为10.5ppm,0.499‰和0.819‰,体现了北半球中纬度地区典型特征。12个北半球本底站大气cO2及其δ13c源汇的差异和显著的年际间波动有可能归因于多年间全球气候变动,以及陆地生物圈或海洋下垫面与大气cO2交换的区域性震荡,还有空气团长距离输送的不同影响。

关键词：大气cO2 δ13c δ18O 北半球站点本底特征季节性源汇形成机制

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第1期20卷 291-304页

作者： Simeon c.Daeschler Katelyn j.w.So Konstantin Feinberg Marina Manoraj jenny cheung jennifer Zhang Kaveh Mirmoeini jPaul Santerre Tessa Gordon Gregory HBorschel SickKids Research Institute Neuroscience and Mental Health ProgramTorontoONCanada Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering University of TorontoTorontoONCanada Indiana University School of Medicine IndianapolisINUSA Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery the Hospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoONCanada Translational Biology and Engineering Program Ted Rogers Centre for Heart ResearchInstitute of Biomedical EngineeringFaculty of DentistryUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada

Axonal regeneration following surgical nerve repair is slow and often incomplete,resulting in poor functional recovery which sometimes contributes to lifelong ***,there are no FDA-approved therapies available to promote nerve *** accelerates axonal regeneration,but systemic side effects presently outweigh its potential benefits for peripheral nerve *** authors describe herein a biodegradable polyurethane-based drug delivery system for the sustained local release of tacrolimus at the nerve repair site,with suitable properties for scalable production and clinical application,aiming to promote nerve regeneration and functional recovery with minimal systemic drug *** is encapsulated into co-axially electrospun polycarbonate-urethane nanofibers to generate an implantable nerve wrap that releases therapeutic doses of bioactive tacrolimus over 31 *** and drug loading are adjustable for applications in small and large caliber nerves,and the wrap degrades within 120 days into biocompatible *** released from the nerve wrap promotes axon elongation in vitro and accelerates nerve regeneration and functional recovery in preclinical nerve repair models while off-target systemic drug exposure is reduced by 80%compared with systemic *** its surgical suitability and preclinical efficacy and safety,this system may provide a readily translatable approach to support axonal regeneration and recovery in patients undergoing nerve surgery.

关键词： biodegradable local drug delivery nerve injury nerve regeneration nerve wrap tacrolimus

Treating amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with allogeneic Schwann cell-derived exosomal vesicles: a case report

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 1207-1216页

作者： Pascal j.Goldschmidt-clermont Aisha Khan George jimsheleishvili Patricia Graham Adriana Brooks Risset Silvera Alexander j.P.Goldschmidt Damien D.Pearse w.Dalton Dietrich Allan D.Levi james D.Guest Miller School of Medicine University of MiamiMiamiFLUSA Stem cell Institute Miller School of MedicineUniversity of MiamiMiamiFLUSA The Miami Project to cure Paralysis Miller School of MedicineUniversity of MiamiMiamiFLUSA Alzady International LLc MiamiFLUSA Neurological Surgery Miller School of MedicineUniversity of MiamiMiamiFLUSA

Schwann cells are essential for the maintenance and function of motor neurons,axonal networks,and the neuromuscular *** amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,where motor neuron function is progressively lost,Schwann cell function may also be ***,important signaling and potential trophic activities of Schwann cell-derived exosomal vesicles have been *** case report describes the treatment of a patient with advanced amyotrophic lateral sclerosis using serial intravenous infusions of allogeneic Schwann cell-derived exosomal vesicles,marking,to our knowledge,the first instance of such *** 81-year-old male patient presented with a 1.5-year history of rapidly progressive amyotrophic lateral *** initial diagnosis,the patient underwent a combination of generic riluzole,sodium phenylbutyrate for the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,and *** patient volunteered to participate in an FDA-approved single-patient expanded access treatment and received weekly intravenous infusions of allogeneic Schwann cell-derived exosomal vesicles to potentially restore impaired Schwann cell and motor neuron *** confirmed that cultured Schwann cells obtained from the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patient via sural nerve biopsy appeared impaired(senescent)and that exposure of the patient’s Schwann cells to allogeneic Schwann cell-derived exosomal vesicles,cultured expanded from a cadaver donor improved their growth capacity in *** a period of observation lasting 10 weeks,during which amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Functional Rating Scale-Revised and pulmonary function were regularly monitored,the patient received weekly consecutive infusions of 1.54×1012(×2),and then consecutive infusions of 7.5×1012(×6)allogeneic Schwann cell-derived exosomal vesicles diluted in 40 mL of Dulbecco’s phosphate-buffered *** of the infusions were associated with adverse events such as infusion reactions(allergic or otherwise)or

关键词： allogeneic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis exosomes infusion neuromuscular junction Schwann cell

POLYMERIc SURFAcTANT STRUcTURE

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chinese journal of Polymer Science 2001年第2期19卷 135-145页

作者： P.M.Saville j.w.white Research School of chemistry The Australian National University Canberra ACT 0200 AustraliaResearch School of Chemistry The Australian National University Canberra ACT 0200 Australia

Polymeric surfactants are amongst the most widespread of all polymers. In nature, proteins and polysaccharidescause self organization as a result of this surfactancy; in industry, polymeric surfactants play key roles in the food, explosivesand surface coatings sectors. The generation of useful nano- and micro-structures in films and emulsions as a result ofpolymer amphiphilicity and the application of mechanical stress is discussed. The use of X-ray and neutron small anglescattering and reflectivity to measure these structures and their dynamic properties will be described. New results on linear and dendritic polymer surfactants are presented.

关键词： Polymeric Surfactant Structure X-ray Neutron Reflectivity Film

Status and prospects for symmetric organic redox flow batteries

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journal of Energy chemistry 2025年第1期100卷 125-143页

作者： Md Al Raihan c.Adam Dyker Department of chemistry University of New Brunswick

As environmental concerns from fossil fuel consumption intensify, large-scale energy storage becomes imperative for the integration of renewable sources like wind, hydro, and solar with the electrical *** flow batteries, particularly those employing organic molecules, are positioned as a key technology for this purpose. This review explores the growing field of symmetric organic redox flow batteries(ORFBs) within this context. Unlike traditional asymmetric designs based on unique active materials for each electrode, symmetric ORFBs involve a single bipolar species for both electrodes. This review highlights the benefits of a symmetric design, and categorizes five distinct classes of organic bipolar molecules used in both aqueous and non-aqueous solvents. By providing a comprehensive overview of their cell cycling and performance characteristics, the strengths and weaknesses of the diverse categories of bipolar molecules are highlighted for both solvent systems, as are opportunities for future development. This should guide new research directions and advance the development of practical symmetric ORFBs.

关键词： Redox flow battery Symmetric battery Organic battery Aqueous electrolyte Non-aqueous electrolyte

Apples to oranges:environmentally derived,dynamic regulation of serotonin neuron subpopulations in adulthood?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第9期20卷 2596-2597页

作者： christopher j.O’connell Matthew j.Robson Department of Genetics College of MedicineHarvard UniversityBostonMAUSA james L.winkle college of Pharmacy Division of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of CincinnatiCincinnatiOHUSA Neuroscience Graduate Program College of MedicineUniversity of CincinnatiCincinnatiOHUSA

Traumatic brain injury(TBI)is a public health problem with an undue economic burden that impacts nearly every age,ethnic,and gender group across the globe(capizzi et al.,2020).TBIs are often sustained during a dynamic range of exposures to energetic environmental forces and as such outcomes are typically heterogeneous regarding severity and pathology(capizzi et al.,2020).

关键词： sustained orange dynamic

Estimation of j—R curves for Small-Sized cOEc Specimens and Its Application considering crack-Tip cons tr aints

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Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica 2019年第3期32卷 261-276页

作者： G.w.He c.Bao L.X.cai Y.j.wu Applied Mechanics and Structure Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province School of Mechanics and Engineering Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu 610031 China

The normalization method has been employed to estimate the j-resistance (j—R) curves for c-shaped outside edge-notched compression (cOEc) specimens of SA-508 steel. The cOEc specimens present the lowest j—R curves in comparison with other three types of specimens. Based on the j—Q—M met hod, the constraint parame ter Q determined at the mid-plane in the through-thickness direction of the specimen is used to approximately quantify the threedimensional crack-tip constraint for cOEc specimens. combining with the previous experiments on j—R curves, the constraint-coirected j—R curves for SA-508 steel specimens are given, which may be used to predict the fracture toughness of actual cracked components in structural integrity assessment.

关键词： Ductile fracture toughness cOEc specimen Dimensionless load separation principle Normalization method crack-tip constraint j-Q-M method