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Measurements of dihadron correlations relative to the event plane in Au+Au collisions at√^(S)NN=200 GeV

Chinese Physics C 2021年第4期45卷 198-241页

作者： H.Agakishiev M.M.Aggarwal Z.Ahammed A.V.Alakhverdyants I.Alekseev j.Alford B.D.Anderson C.D.Anson D.Arkhipkin G.S.Averichev j.Balewski D.R.Beavis N.K.Behera R.Bellwied M.j.Betancourt R.R.Betts A.Bhasin A.K.Bhat H.Bichsel j.Bieleik j.Bielcikova B.Biritz L.C.Bland w.Borowski j.Bouchet E.Braidot A.V.Brandin A.Bridgeman S.G.Brovko E.Bruna S.Bueltmann I.Bunzarov T.P.Burton X.Z.Cai H.Caines M.Calderon de la Barca Sanchez D.Cebra R.Cendejas M.C.Cervantes Z.Chajecki P.Chaloupka S.Chattopadhyay H.F.Chen j.H.Chen j.Y.Chen L.Chen j.Cheng M.Cherney A.Chikanian K.E.Choi w.Christie P.Chung M.j.M.Codrington R.Corliss j.G.Cramer H.j.Crawford S.Dash A.Davila Leyva L.C.De Silvat R.R.Debbe T.G.Dedovich A.A.Derevschikov R.Derradi de Souza L.Didenko P.Djawotho S.M.Dogra X.Dong j.L.Drachenberg j.E.Draper j.C.Dunlop L.G Efimov M.Elnim j.Engelage G Eppley M.Estienne L.Eun O.Evdokimov R.Fatemi j.Fedorisin A.Feng R.G.Fersch P.Filip E.Finch V.Fine Y.Fisyak C.A.Gagliardi D.R.Gangadharan A.Geromitsos F.Geurts P.Ghosh Y.N.Gorbunov A.Gordon O.Grebenyuk D.Grosnick S.M.Guertin A.Gupta w.Guryn B.Haag O.Hajkova A.Hamed L-X.Han j.w.harris j.P.Hays-wehle M.Heinz S.Heppelmann A.Hirsch E.Hjort G.w.Hoffmann D.j.Hofiman B.Huang H.Z.Huang T.j.Humanic L.Huo G.Igo P.jacobs w.w.jacobs C.jena F.jin j.joseph E.G.judd S.Kabana K.Kang j.Kapitan K.Kauder H.Ke D.Keane A.Kechechyan D.Kettler D.P.Kikola j.Kiryluk A.Kisiel V.Kizka A.G.Knospe D.D.Koetke T.Kollegger j.Konzer I.Koralt L.Koroleva w.Korsch L.Kotchenda V.Kouchpil P.Kravtsov K.Krueger M.Krus L.Kumar P.Kurnadi M.A.C.Lamont j.M.Landgraf S.LaPointe j.Lauret A.Lebedev R.Lednicky j.H.Lee w.Leight M.j.LeVine C.Lil L.Li N.Li w.Li X.Li X.Li Y.Li Z.M.Li M.A.Lisa F.Liu H.Liu j.Liu T.Ljubicic w.j.Llope R.S.Longacre w.A.Love Y.Lu E.V.Lukashov X.Luo G.L.Ma Y.G.Mai D.P.Mahapatra R.Majka O.I.Mall L.K.Mangotra R.Manweiler S.Margetis C.Markert H.Masui H.S.Matis Yu.A.Matulenko D.MeDonald T.S.McShane A.Meschanin R.Milner N.G.Minaev S.Mioduszewski A.Mischke M.K.Mitrovski B.Mohanty M.M.Mondal B.Morozov D.A.Morozov M.G.Munhoz M Argonne National Laboratory Argonnellinois 60439USA Brookhaven National Laboratory UptonNew York 11973USA University of Califomia BerkeleyCaliformnia 94720USA University of California DavisCalifornia 95616USA University of Califormnia Los AngelesCalifomia 90095USA Universidade Estadual de Campinas Sao PauloBrazil University of Illinois at Chicago ChicagoIlinois 60607USA Creighton University OmahaNebraska 68178USA Czech Technical University in Prague FNSPEPrague11519Czech Republic Nuclear Physics Institute AS CR 25068 Rez/PragueCzech Republic University of Frankfurt FrankfurtGermany Institute of Physics Bhubaneswar 751005India Indian Institute of Technology MumbaiIndia Indiana University BloomingtonIndiana 47408USA Alikhanov Instiute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics MoscowRussia University of jammu Jammu 180001India joint Institute for Nuclear Research Dubna141980Russia Kent State University KentOhio 44242USA University of Kentucky LexingtonKentucky40506-0055USA Institute of Modern Physics LanzhouChina Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory BerkeleyCalifornia 94720USA Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA 02139-4307USA Mx-Planck-Institut fir Physik MunichGermany Michigan State University East LansingMichigan 48824USA Moscow Engineering Physics Institute Moscow Russia NIKHEF and Utrecht University AmsterdamThe Netherlands Ohio State University ColumbusOhio 43210USA Old Dominion University NorfolkVA23529USA Panjab University Chandigarh 160014India PennsyIvania State University University ParkPennsylvania 16802USA Institute of High Energy Physics ProtvinoRussia Purdue University West LafayetteIndiana 47907USA Pusan National University PusanRepublic of Korea University of Rajasthan Jaipur 302004India Rice University HoustonTexas 77251USA Universidade de Sao Paulo Sao PauloBrazil University of Science&Technology of China Hefei 230026.China Shandong University JinanShandong 250100China Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics Shanghai 201800Chi

Dihadron azimuthal correlations containing a high transverse momentum(pr)trigger particle are sensit-ive to the properties of the nuclear medium created at RHIC through the strong interactions occurring between the traversing parton and the medium,*** measurements revealed a strong modification to di-hadron azimuthal correlations in Au+Au collisions with respect to ptp and d+Au *** modification in-creases with the collision centrality,suggesting a path-length or energy density dependence to the je-quenching *** paper reports STAR measurements of dihadron azimuthal correlations in mid-central(20%-60%)Au+Au collisions at√^(S)NN=200 GeV as a function of the trigger particle's azimuthal angle relative to the event plane,Ф_(s)=|Ф_(t)-ψ_(Ep)|.The azimuthal correlation is studied as a function of both the trigger and associated particle *** subtractions of the combinatorial background and anisotropic flow,assuming Zero Yield At Minimum(ZYAM),are *** correlation results are first discussed with subtraction of the even harmonic(elliptic and quadrangu-lar)flow *** away-side correlation is strongly modifed,and the modification varies withФ_(s),with a double-peak structure for out-of-plane trigger *** near-side ridge(long range pseudo-rapidity△_(η)correla-tion)appears to drop with increasingФ_(s)while the jet-like component remains approximately *** correla-tion functions are further studied with the subtraction of odd harmonic triangular flow background arising from *** is found that the triangular flow,while responsible for the majority of the amplitudes,is not sufficient to explain theφs-dependence of the ridge or the away-side double-peak *** dropping ridge withФ_(s)could be attributed to aФ_(s)-dependent lliptie anisotropy;however,the physics mechanism of the ridge remains an open *** with aФ_(s)-dependent elliptic flow,the away-side correlation structure

关键词： relativistic heavy ion collisions dihadron correlations jet-medium interactions anisotropic flow background event plane

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Methods for a blind analysis of isobar data collected by the STAR collaboration

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2021年第5期32卷 43-50页

作者： j.Adam L.Adamczyk j.R.Adams j.K.Adkins G.Agakishiev M.M.Aggarwal Z.Ahammed I.Alekseev D.M.Anderson A.Aparin E.C.Aschenauer M.U.Ashraf F.G.Atetalla A.Attri G.S.Averichev V.Bairathi K.Barish A.Behera R.Bellwied A.Bhasin j.Bielcik j.Bielcikova L.C.Bland I.G.Bordyuzhin j.D.Brandenburg A.V.Brandin j.Butterworth H.Caines M.Calderon de la Barca Sanchez D.Cebra I.Chakaberia P.Chaloupka B.K.Chan F-H.Chang Z.Chang N.Chankova-Bunzarova A.Chatterjee D.Chen j.Chen j.H.Chen X.Chen Z.Chen j.Cheng M.Cherney M.Chevalier S.Choudhury w.Christie X.Chu H.j.Crawford M.Csanad M.Daugherity T.G.Dedovich I.M.Deppner A.A.Derevschikov L.Didenko X.Dong j.L.Drachenberg j.C.Dunlop T.Edmonds N.Elsey j.Engelage G.Eppley S.Esumi O.Evdokimov A.Ewigleben O.Eyser R.Fatemi S.Fazio P.Federic j.Fedorisin C.j.Feng Y.Feng P.Filip E.Finch Y.Fisyak A.Francisco L.Fulek C.A.Gagliardi T.Galatyuk F.Geurts A.Gibson K.Gopal X.Gou D.Grosnick w.Guryn A.I.Hamad A.Hamed S.Harabasz j.w.harris S.He w.He X.H.He Y.He S.Heppelmann S.Heppelmann N.Herrmann E.Hoffman L.Holub Y.Hong S.Horvat Y.Hu H.Z.Huang S.L.Huang T.Huang X.Huang T.j.Humanic P.Huo G.Igo D.Isenhower w.w.jacobs C.jena A.jentsch Y.ji j.jia K.jiang S.jowzaee X.ju E.G.judd S.Kabana M.L.Kabir S.Kagamaster D.Kalinkin K.Kang D.Kapukchyan K.Kauder H.w.Ke D.Keane A.Kechechyan M.Kelsey Y.V.Khyzhniak D.P.Kikoła C.Kim B.Kimelman D.Kincses T.A.Kinghorn I.Kisel A.Kiselev M.Kocan L.Kochenda L.K.Kosarzewski L.Kramarik P.Kravtsov K.Krueger N.Kulathunga Mudiyanselage L.Kumar S.Kumar R.Kunnawalkam Elayavalli j.H.Kwasizur R.Lacey S.Lan j.M.Landgraf j.Lauret A.Lebedev R.Lednicky j.H.Lee Y.H.Leung C.Li C.Li w.Li w.Li X.Li Y.Li Y.Liang R.Licenik T.Lin Y.Lin M.A.Lisa F.Liu H.Liu P.Liu P.Liu T.Liu X.Liu Y.Liu Z.Liu T.Ljubicic w.j.Llope R.S.Longacre N.S.Lukow S.Luo X.Luo G.L.Ma L.Ma R.Ma Y.G.Ma N.Magdy R.Majka D.Mallick S.Margetis C.Markert H.S.Matis j.A.Mazer N.G.Minaev S.Mioduszewski B.Mohanty I.Mooney Z.Moravcova D.A.Morozov M.Nagy j.D.Nam Md.Nasim K.Nayak D.Neff j.M.Nelson D.B.Nemes M.Nie G.Nigmatkulov T.Niida L.V.Nogach T.Nonak Christian University AbileneTX 796992 AGH University of Science and Technology FPACSCracow 30-059Poland Alikhanov Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC"Kurchatov Institute" MoscowRussia 117218 Argonne National Laboratory ArgonneIL 60439 American University of Cairo New CairoNew Cairo 11835Egypt Brookhaven National Laboratory UptonNY 11973 University of California BerkeleyCA 94720 University of California DavisCA 95616 University of California Los AngelesCA 90095 University of California RiversideCA 92521 Central China Normal University Wuhan 430079 University of Illinois at Chicago ChicagoIL 60607 Creighton University OmahaNE 68178 Czech Technical University in Prague FNSPEPrague 11519Czech Republic Technische Universitat Darmstadt Darmstadt 64289Germany ELTE Eotvos Lorand University Budapest 1117Hungary Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies FIAS Frankfurt 60438Germany Fudan University Shanghai 200433 University of Heidelberg 69120 HeidelbergGermany University of Houston HoustonTX 77204 Huzhou University Huzhou 313000 Indian Institute of Science Education and Research(IISER) Berhampur 760010India Indian Institute of Science Education and Research(IISER)Tirupati Tirupati 517507India Indian Institute Technology PatnaBihar 801106India Indiana University BloomingtonIN 47408 Institute of Modern Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000 University of jammu Jammu 180001India joint Institute for Nuclear Research DubnaRussia 141980 Kent State University KentOH 44242 University of Kentucky LexingtonKY 40506-0055 Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory BerkeleyCA 94720 Lehigh University BethlehemPA 18015 Max-Planck-Institut fur Physik 80805 MunichGermany Michigan State University East LansingMI 48824 National Research Nuclear University MEPhI MoscowRussia 115409 National Institute of Science Education and Research HBNIJatni 752050India National Cheng Kung University Tainan 70101 Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS Rez 25068Czech Republic Ohio State University

In 2018,the STAR collaboration collected data from^(96)_(44)Ru+^(96)_(44)Ru and^(96)_(40)Zr+^(96)_(40)Zr at√^(S)NN=200 Ge V to search for the presence of the chiral magnetic effect in collisions of *** isobar collision species alternated frequently between 9644 Ru+^(96)_(44)Ru and^(96)_(40)Zr+^(96)_(40)*** order to conduct blind analyses of studies related to the chiral magnetic effect in these isobar data,STAR developed a three-step blind analysis *** are initially provided a"reference sample"of data,comprised of a mix of events from the two species,the order of which respects time-dependent changes in run *** tuning analysis codes and performing time-dependent quality assurance on the reference sample,analysts are provided a species-blind sample suitable for calculating efficiencies and corrections for individual≈30-min data-taking *** this sample,species-specific information is disguised,but individual output files contain data from a single isobar *** run-by-run corrections and code alteration subsequent to these corrections are allowed at this *** these modifications,the"frozen"code is passed over the fully un-blind data,completing the blind *** a check of the feasibility of the blind analysis procedure,analysts completed a"mock data challenge,"analyzing data from Au+Au collisions at√^(S)NN=27 Ge V,collected in *** Au+Au data were prepared in the same manner intended for the isobar blind *** details of the blind analysis procedure and results from the mock data challenge are presented.

关键词： Blind analysis Chiral magnetic effect Heavy-ion collisions

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Measurement of away-side broadening with self-subtraction of flow in Au+Au collisions at √sNN=200 GeV

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Chinese Physics C 2020年第10期44卷 59-67页

作者： L.Adamczyk j.R.Adams j.K.Adkins G.Agakishiev M.M.Aggarwal Z.Ahammed I.Alekseev D.M.Anderson A.Aparin E.C.Aschenauer M.U.Ashraf F.G.Atetalla A.Attri G.S.Averichev V.Bairathi K.Barish A.Behera R.Bellwied A.Bhasin j.Bielcik j.Bielcikova L.C.Bland I.G.Bordyuzhin j.D.Brandenburg A.V.Brandin j.Butterworth H.Caines M.Calderón de la Barca Sánchez D.Cebra I.Chakaberia P.Chaloupka B.K.Chan F-H.Chang Z.Chang N.Chankova-Bunzarova A.Chatterjee D.Chen j.H.Chen X.Chen Z.Chen j.Cheng M.Cherney M.Chevalier S.Choudhury w.Christie X.Chu H.j.Crawford M.Csanád M.Daugherity T.G.Dedovich I.M.Deppner A.A.Derevschikov L.Didenko X.Dong j.L.Drachenberg j.C.Dunlop T.Edmonds N.Elsey j.Engelage G.Eppley S.Esumi O.Evdokimov A.Ewigleben O.Eyser R.Fatemi S.Fazio P.Federic j.Fedorisin C.j.Feng Y.Feng P.Filip E.Finch Y.Fisyak A.Francisco L.Fulek C.A.Gagliardi T.Galatyuk F.Geurts A.Gibson K.Gopal D.Grosnick w.Guryn A.I.Hamad A.Hamed S.Harabasz j.w.harris S.He w.He X.H.He S.Heppelmann S.Heppelmann N.Herrmann E.Hoffman L.Holub Y.Hong S.Horvat Y.Hu H.Z.Huang S.L.Huang T.Huang X.Huang T.j.Humanic P.Huo G.Igo D.Isenhower w.w.jacobs C.jena A.jentsch Y.jI j.jia K.jiang S.jowzaee X.ju E.G.judd S.Kabana M.L.Kabir S.Kagamaster D.Kalinkin K.Kang D.Kapukchyan K.Kauder H.w.Ke D.Keane A.Kechechyan M.Kelsey Y.V.Khyzhniak D.P.Kikoła C.Kim B.Kimelman D.Kincses T.A.Kinghorn I.Kisel A.Kiselev M.Kocan L.Kochenda L.K.Kosarzewski L.Kramarik P.Kravtsov K.Krueger N.Kulathunga Mudiyanselage L.Kumar S.Kumar R.Kunnawalkam Elayavalli j.H.Kwasizur R.Lacey S.Lan j.M.Landgraf j.Lauret A.Lebedev R.Lednicky j.H.Lee Y.H.Leung C.Li w.Li w.Li X.Li Y.Li Y.Liang R.Licenik T.Lin Y.Lin M.A.Lisa F.Liu H.Liu P.Liu P.Liu T.Liu X.Liu Y.Liu Z.Liu T.Ljubicic w.j.Llope R.S.Longacre N.S.Lukow S.Luo X.Luo G.L.Ma L.Ma R.Ma Y.G.Ma N.Magdy R.Majka D.Mallick S.Margetis C.Markert H.S.Matis j.A.Mazer N.G.Minaev S.Mioduszewski B.Mohanty I.Mooney Z.Moravcova D.A.Morozov M.Nagy j.D.Nam Nasim Md K.Nayak D.Neff j.M.Nelson D.B.Nemes M.Nie G.Nigmatkulov T.Niida L.V.Nogach T.Nonaka A.S.Nunes G.Odyniec A.Ogawa Abilene Christian University AbileneTexas 79699 AGH University of Science and Technology FPACSCracow 30-059Poland Alikhanov Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC"Kurchatov Institute" Moscow 117218Russia Argonne National Laboratory ArgonneIllinois 60439 American University of Cairo New Cairo 11835New CairoEgypt Brookhaven National Laboratory UptonNew York 11973 University of California BerkeleyCalifornia 94720 University of California DavisCalifornia 95616 University of California Los AngelesCalifornia 90095 University of California RiversideCalifornia 92521 Central China Normal University WuhanHubei 430079 University of Illinois at Chicago ChicagoIllinois 60607 Creighton University OmahaNebraska 68178 Czech Technical University in Prague FNSPEPrague 11519Czech Republic Technische Universität Darmstadt Darmstadt 64289Germany ELTE Eötvös Loránd University BudapestHungary H-1117 Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies FIAS Frankfurt 60438Germany Fudan University Shanghai 200433 University of Heidelberg Heidelberg 69120Germany University of Houston HoustonTexas 77204 Huzhou University HuzhouZhejiang 313000 Indian Institute of Science Education and Research(IISER) Berhampur 760010India Indian Institute of Science Education and Research(IISER)Tirupati Tirupati 517507India Indian Institute Technology PatnaBihar 801106India Indiana University BloomingtonIndiana 47408 Institute of Modern Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesLanzhouGansu 730000 University of jammu Jammu 180001India joint Institute for Nuclear Research Dubna 141980Russia Kent State University KentOhio 44242 University of Kentucky LexingtonKentucky 40506-0055 Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory BerkeleyCalifornia 94720 Lehigh University BethlehemPennsylvania 18015 Max-Planck-Institut für Physik Munich 80805Germany Michigan State University East LansingMichigan 48824 National Research Nuclear University MEPhI Moscow 115409Russia National Institute of Science Education and Research HBNIJatni 752050Indi

High transverse momentum(pT)particle production is suppressed owing to the parton(jet)energy loss in the hot dense medium created in relativistic heavy-ion *** of energy at low-to-modest pT has been difficult to measure,owing to large anisotropic *** report a data-driven method for background evaluation and subtraction,exploiting the away-side pseudorapidity gaps,to measure the jetlike correlation shape in Au+Au collisions at √sNN=200 GeV in the STAR *** correlation shapes,for trigger particles pT>3GeV/c and various associated particle pT ranges within 0.5with Gaussians,and their widths increase with *** results indicate jet broadening in the medium created in central heavy-ion collisions.

关键词： di-hadron correlations jet heavy-ion

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Floor dust erosion during early stages of coal dust explosion development

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International journal of Mining Science and Technology 2019年第6期29卷 825-830页

作者： Marcia L.harris Michael j.Sapko Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Pittsburgh Mining Research Division (PMRD)

An ignition of methane and air can generate enough air flow to raise mixtures of combustible coal and rock *** expanding high temperature combustion products ignite the suspended dust mixture and will continue to propagate following the available combustible fuel *** the concentration of the dispersed rock dust is sufficient,the flame will stop ***-scale explosion tests were conducted within the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health(NIOSH)Lake Lynn Experimental Mine(LLEM)to measure the dynamic pressure history and the post-explosion dust scour *** aim of this effort is to provide quantitative data on depth of dust removal during the early stages of explosion development and its relationship to the depth of floor dust collected for assessing the incombustible content most likely to participate in the combustion *** experimental work on dust removal on is not only important for coal mine safety but also for industrial dust explosions.

关键词： Underground Coal dust Explosion Dust sampling

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wHAT ARE THE DIFFERENCES OF POLYMER SURFACE RELAXATION FROM THE BULK?

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Chinese journal of Polymer Science 2011年第1期29卷 81-86页

作者： Ian Mann Ryan M.Van Horn jason j.Ge Matthew j.Graham Frank w.harris Stephen Z.D.Cheng College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering Department of Polymer Sciencethe University of Akron

The polymer surface relaxation in thin films has been a long debating issue. we report a new method on studying surface relaxation behaviors of polymer thin films on a solid substrate. This method involved utilizing a rubbed polyimide surface with a pretilting angle in a liquid crystalline cell. Due to the surface alignment, the liquid crystals were aligned along the rubbing direction. During heating the liquid crystalline cell, we continuously monitored the change of orientation of the liquid crystals. It is understood that at a temperature where the orientation of liquid crystal is lost, the surface relaxation on the glass substrate takes place to lose the polyimide surface orientation. It was found that the relaxation temperature at which the liquid crystals lose their orientation depends on the film thickness of the polyimide. A quantitative linear relationship between the relaxation temperature and reciprocal of the film thickness can be observed. Furthermore, different topologies of the rubbed and relaxed thin films were amplified using the polyethylene decoration method and observed using atomic force microscopy.

关键词： Surface relaxation Liquid crystal orientation Polyethylene decoration.

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PHASE STRUCTURES AND TRANSITION BEHAVIORS OF A TRIPHENYLENE DISCOTIC LIQUID CRYSTAL

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Chinese journal of Polymer Science 2007年第1期25卷 57-71页

作者： Kwang-Un jeong Alexander j.jing Bart Mansdorf Matthew j.Graham Frank w.harris 程正迪 Maurice Morton Institute and Department of Polymer Science The University of AkronAkronOhio 44325-3909USA

The phase behaviors and structures of a triphenylene-derived discotic liquid crystal （LC） hexa-n-octoxyl- triphenylene （C8HET） were studied using the combined techniques of differential scanning calorimetry （DSC）, wide angle X-ray diffraction （wAXD）, selected area electron diffraction （SAED） and polarized light microscopy （PLM）. Onedimensional （1D） powder wAXD results at different temperatures coupled with DSC and PLM observations revealed that the C8HET compound possessed an LC phase and three different crystalline （K3, K2 and K1） phases below the isotropic （I） melt. The I←→ LC phase transition was thermodynamically reversible and independent of the heating and cooling rates. The development and experimental observation of the three crystalline phases relied on different thermal histories. Among the three crystalline phases in CSHET, the K3 phase is the most stable phase, while the K2 and K1 phases are metastable. Note that the K1 phase only formed via a quenching process. Oh the basis of structure sensitive diffraction experiments such as 2D wAXD of oriented samples and SAED of single crystals, detailed structures and molecular packings of these four ordered phases were identified. The LC phase exhibited a hexagonal columnar phase with 2D lattice dimensions ofa = b = 2.38 nm and γ= 120°. All the three crystalline phases possess monoclinic unit cells, yet the y angle is not 90° in the cases of the K2 and the K3 phases, while in the case of the K1 phase the a angle is not 90°.

关键词： Triphenylene discotic liquid crystal Metastability Crystal structure Columnar phase Phase transitions.

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Translational bioengineering strategies for peripheral nerve regeneration:opportunities,challenges,and novel concepts

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第6期18卷 1229-1234页

作者： Karim A.Sarhane Chenhu Qiu Thomas G.w.harris Philip j.Hanwright Hai-Quan Mao Sami H.Tuffaha Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Peripheral Nerve Research LaboratoryJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA Department of Materials Science and Engineering Johns Hopkins University Whiting School of EngineeringBaltimoreMDUSA Institute for NanoBioTechnology Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMDUSA Translational Tissue Engineering Center Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA Department of Biomedical Engineering Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA

Peripheral nerve injuries remain a challenging problem in need of better treatment *** best efforts at surgical reconstruction and postoperative rehabilitation,patients are often left with persistent,debilitating motor and sensory *** are currently no therapeutic strategies proven to enhance the regenerative process in humans.A clinical need exists for the development of technologies to promote nerve regeneration and improve functional *** advances in the fields of tissue engineering and nanotechnology have enabled biomaterial scaffolds to modulate the host response to tissue repair through tailored mechanical,chemical,and conductive *** bioengineered approaches have enabled targeted,sustained delivery of protein therapeutics with the capacity to unlock the clinical potential of a myriad of neurotrophic growth factors that have demonstrated promise in enhancing regenerative *** such,further exploration of combinatory strategies leveraging these technological advances may offer a pathway towards clinically translatable solutions to advance the care of patients with peripheral nerve *** review first presents the various emerging bioengineering strategies that can be applied for the management of nerve gap *** cover the rationale and limitations for their use as an alternative to autografts,focusing on the approaches to increase the number of regenerating axons crossing the repair site,and facilitating their growth towards the distal *** also discuss the emerging growth factor-based therapeutic strategies designed to improve functional outcomes in a multimodal fashion,by accelerating axonal growth,improving the distal regenerative environment,and preventing end-organs atrophy.

关键词： bioengineering biomaterials growth hormone insulin-like growth factor 1 nanotechnology neurobiology peripheral nerve regeneration Schwann cells translational research

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From Democracy to Bureaucracy： The Baojia in Nationalist Thought and Practice, 1927-1949

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Frontiers of History in China 2013年第4期8卷 517-557页

作者： Lane j. harris History and Asian Studies Departments Furman University Greenville SC 29613 USA

In the 1939 New County Reforms, the Nationalist government made the baojia system the lowest level of self-government in the country. This decision was the result of more than ten years of discussion among Nationalist administrators and writers who were searching for a tutelary system to train the people in their political rights in preparation for constitutional rule. In the 1920s and 1930s, Nationalist writers claimed to be following Sun Zhongshan＇s （Sun Yat-sen） philosophy by reinventing the baojia as a form of democracy. Harkening back to a reimagined national past, they ＂discovered＂ that the imperial baojia was not a system of local control, but a traditional model of bureaucratically-designed local self-government. Nationalist writers dovetailed this new baojia with Sun Zhongshan＇s philosophy in order to rationalize its position as the foundation of the Three Principles of the People State. Once philosophically legitimized, Nationalist writers endorsed the baojia as a top-down bureaucratic system that would transform the political, social, and economic life of the country; it would become the core political unit of their state-making and nation-building projects. In so doing, the baojia came to represent the Nationalists＇ deeply-held belief in the power of human agency to create state institutions capable of entirely remaking society and transforming the nation.

关键词： baojia self-government bureaucracy state-making nation-building,Nationalist Party Sun Zhongshan

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Simultaneous Preservation of Soil Structural Properties and Phospholipid Profiles: A Comparison of Three Drying Techniques

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Pedosphere 2008年第3期18卷 284-287页

作者： L. j. DEACON D. V. GRINEV j. w. CRAwFORD j. harris K. RITZ I. M. YOUNG National Soil Resources Institute Department of Natural Resources School of Applied Sciences Cranfield University Cranfield MK43 0AL (UK) SIMBIOS Centre University of Abertay Dundee DD1 1HG (UK) Integrated Earth Systems Science Institute Department of Natural Resources School of Applied Sciences Cranfield University Cranfield MK43 0AL (UK)

There is a need to simultaneously preserve evidence of interactions between the biological community and soil structural properties of a soil in as near an intact （natural） state as possible. Three dehydration techniques were implemented and assessed for their ability to minimise disruption of both biological and physical properties of the same arable soil sample. Dehydration techniques applied until samples were at constant weight were i） air-drying at 20℃ （AD）; ii） -80 ℃ freeze for 24 h, followed by freeze-drying （-80FD）; and iii） liquid nitrogen snap freeze, followed by freeze-drying （LNPD） and were compared to a moist control. Physical structure was determined and quantified in three dimensions using X-ray computed tomography and microbial phenotypic community composition was assessed using phospholipid fatty acid （PLPA） profiling. This study confirms that any form of dehydration, when preparing soil for simultaneous biological and physical analysis, will alter the soil physical properties, and cause some change in apparent community structure. Freeze-drying （both the LNFD and -80FD treatments） was found to minimise disruption （when compared to the moist control soil） to both the soil physical properties and the community structure and is a preferable technique to air-drying which markedly alters the size and character of the pore network, as well as the phenotypic profile. The LNFD was the preferred treatment over the -80FD treatment as samples show low variability between replicates and a fast turn-around time between samples. Therefore snap freezing in liquid nitrogen, followed by freeze drying is the most appropriate form of dehydration when two sets of data, both physical and biological, need to be preserved simultaneously from a soil core.

关键词： biological community dehydration phospholipid profile physical properties preservation

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Estimating ancestral distributions of lineages with uncertain sister groups:a statistical approach to Dispersal-Vicariance Analysis and a case using Aesculus L.(Sapindaceae) including fossils

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journal of Systematics and Evolution 2009年第5期47卷 349-368页

作者： A.j.harris North Carolina State University Department of Plant Biology

we propose a simple statistical approach for using Dispersal-Vicariance Analysis(DIVA) software to infer biogeographic histories without fully bifurcating *** this approach,ancestral ranges are first optimized for a sample of Bayesian *** probability P of an ancestral range r at a node is then calculated as P(rY) = n t=1 F(rY)t Pt where Y is a node,and F(rY) is the frequency of range r among all the optimal solutions resulting from DIVA optimization at node Y,t is one of n topologies optimized,and Pt is the probability of topology *** Y is a hypothesized ancestor shared by a specific crown lineage and the sister of that lineage "x",where x may vary due to phylogenetic uncertainty(polytomies and nodes with posterior probability wn group of *** approach takes into account phylogenetic uncertainty as well as uncertainty from DIVA *** is an extension of the previously described method called Bayes-DIVA,which pairs Bayesian phylogenetic analysis with biogeographic analysis using ***,we show that the probability P of an ancestral range at Y calculated using this method does not equate to pp*F(rY) on the Bayesian consensus tree when both variables are where pp is the posterior probability and F(rY) is the frequency of range r for the node containing the specific crown *** tested our DIVA-Bayes approach using Aesculus L.,which has major lineages unresolved as a *** inferred the most probable geographic origins of the five traditional sections of Aesculus and of Aesculus californica *** examined range subdivisions at parental nodes of these ***,we used the DIVA-Bayes data from Aesculus to quantify the effects on biogeographic inference of including two wildcard fossil taxa in phylogenetic *** analysis resolved the geographic ranges of the pare

关键词： Aesculus biogeography DIVA fossil wildcards MrBayes phylogenetic uncertainty.

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