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DNA recovery and analysis from skeletal material in modern forensic contexts

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Forensic Sciences Research 2019年第1期4卷 51-59页

作者： Krista E.latham jessica j.Miller Biology Department Human Identification CenterUniversity of IndianapolisIndianapolisINUSA

The generation of a DNA profile from skeletal remains is an important part of the identifica-tion process in both mass disaster and unidentified person cases. Since bones and teeth are often the only biological materials remaining after exposure to environmental conditions, intense heat, certain traumatic events and in cases where a significant amount of time has passed since the death of the individual, the ability to purify large quantities of informative DNA from these hard tissues would be beneficial. Since sampling the hard tissues for gen-etic analysis is a destructive process, it is important to understand those environmental and intrinsic factors that contribute to DNA preservation. This will serve as a brief introduction to these topics, since skeletal sampling strategies and molecular taphonomy have been dis-cussed in depth elsewhere. Additionally advances in skeletal DNA extraction and analysis will be discussed. Currently there is great variation in the DNA isolation methods used by laboratories to purify DNA from the hard tissues;however, a standardized set of short tan-dem repeat (STR) loci is analyzed by many US laboratories to allow for comparisons across samples and jurisdictions. Recent advances have allowed for the generation of DNA profiles from smaller quantities of template DNA and have expanded the number of loci analyzed for greater discriminatory power and predictions regarding the geographic ancestry and phenotype of the individual. Finally, utilizing databases and expanding the number of com-parison samples will be discussed in light of their role in the identification process.

关键词： Forensic sciences forensic anthropology forensic genetics individual identification molecular taphonomy skeletal DNA Extraction DNA profiles DNA databases

Influence of inter-grain cementation stiffness on the effective elastic properties of porous Bentheim sandstone

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journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2023年第3期15卷 573-583页

作者： Bin Chen jiansheng Xiang john-paul latham Department of Earth Science and Engineering Faculty of EngineeringImperial College LondonLondonSW72BXUK

Effective elastic properties of porous media are known to be significantly influenced by *** this paper,we investigated the influence of another critical factor,the inter-grain cementation stiffness,on the effective elastic properties of a granular porous rock(Bentheim sandstone)using an advanced numerical workflow with realistic rock microstructure and a theoretical ***,the disparity between the experimentally tested elastic properties of Bentheim sandstone and the effective elastic properties predicted by empirical equations was ***,a micro-computed tomography(CT)-scan based approach was implemented with digital imaging software AVIZO to construct the 3D(three-dimensional)realistic microstructure of Bentheim *** microstructural model was imported to a mechanics solver based on the 3D finite element model with inter-grain boundaries modelled by cohesive *** simulations were run to test the effective elastic properties for different shear and normal intergrain cementation ***,a relation between the macroscale Young’s modulus and inter-grain cementation stiffness was derived with a theoretical model which can also account for porosity *** the numerical and theoretical results indicate the influence of the inter-grain cementation stiffness,on the effective elastic properties is significant for porous *** calibrated normal and shear stiffnesses at the inter-grain boundaries are 1.2×10^(5) and 4×10^(4) Gpa/m,respectively.

关键词： porous sandstone Cohesive finite element model Grain-based model Rock microstructure Micro-computed tomography(CT)

A three-dimensional feature extraction-based method for coal cleat characterization using X-ray μCT and its application to a Bowen Basin coal specimen

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journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第1期16卷 153-166页

作者： Yulai Zhang Matthew Tsang Mark Knackstedt Michael Turner Shane latham Euan Macaulay Rhys pitchers ARC Training Centre for M3D Innovation Research School of PhysicsAustralian National UniversityCanberraACT2601Australia Department of Materials physics Research School of PhysicsAustralian National UniversityCanberraACT2601Australia Anglo American Steelmaking Coal BrisbaneQLD4000Australia SCT Operations pty Ltd. WollongongNSW2500Australia

Cleats are the dominant micro-fracture network controlling the macro-mechanical behavior of *** understanding of the spatial characteristics of cleat networks is therefore important to the coal mining *** fracture networks(DFNs)are increasingly used in engineering analyses to spatially model fractures at various *** reliability of coal DFNs largely depends on the confidence in the input cleat *** of these parameters can be made from image-based three-dimensional(3D)characterization of coal cleats using X-ray micro-computed tomography(m CT).One key step in this process,after cleat extraction,is the separation of individual cleats,without which the cleats are a connected network and statistics for different cleat sets cannot be *** this paper,a feature extraction-based image processing method is introduced to identify and separate distinct cleat groups from 3D X-ray m CT ***(filters)representing explicit cleat features of coal are built and cleat separation is successfully achieved by convolutional operations on 3D coal *** new method is applied to a coal specimen with 80 mm in diameter and 100 mm in length acquired from an Anglo American Steelmaking Coal mine in the Bowen Basin,Queensland,*** is demonstrated that the new method produces reliable cleat separation capable of defining individual cleats and preserving 3D topology after ***-parallel fractures are also identified and separated,which has his-torically been challenging to delineate and rarely reported.A variety of cleat/fracture statistics is measured which not only can quantitatively characterize the cleat/fracture system but also can be used for DFN ***,variability and heterogeneity with respect to the core axis are *** heterogeneity is observed and suggests that the representative elementary volume(REV)of the cleat groups for engineering purposes may be a complex problem requ

关键词： Cleat separation Cleat statistics Feature extraction Discrete fracture network(DFN)modeling

无磁芯霍尔效应电流传感器IC的共模场抑制技术

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电子技术应用 2016年第8期42卷 8-10页

作者： Alexander latham Allegro MicroSystems LLC

利用霍尔效应可以测量集成载流回路产生的磁场,这种技术有许多优势。如果不使用磁芯会产生一些问题,那就是传感器IC容易受到杂散磁场的影响,霍尔板会出现高电流载流体或螺线管产生的杂散场,进而可能在测量电流时产生误差。解决这一问题... 详细信息

利用霍尔效应可以测量集成载流回路产生的磁场,这种技术有许多优势。如果不使用磁芯会产生一些问题,那就是传感器IC容易受到杂散磁场的影响,霍尔板会出现高电流载流体或螺线管产生的杂散场,进而可能在测量电流时产生误差。解决这一问题的根本方案是集成式差分电流传感技术。集成式差分电流传感可使杂散磁场产生的误差降低一到两个数量级。这样,此类传感器IC的用户就不必再担心杂散场干扰电流的测量,而且能简化pCB布局。

关键词：霍尔效应电流传感器差分电流传感共模场抑制杂散磁场

Stress release mechanism of deep bottom hole rock by ultra-high-pressure water jet slotting

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petroleum Science 2023年第3期20卷 1828-1842页

作者： Hua-jian Wang Hua-Lin Liao jun Wei jian-Sheng Liu Wen-Long Niu Yong-Wang Liu Zhi-Chuan Guan Hedi Sllami john-paul latham School of petroleum Engineering at China University of petroleum East China QingdaoShandong266580China Key Laboratory of Unconventional oil and Gas Development Ministry of EducationQingdaoShandong266580China Shandong Ultra-deep Drilling process Control Tech R&D Center QingdaoShandong266580China MINES paris Tech PSLResearch Universty Geociences Rearch Centerbd Saint MicheParisFrance VAEL Euroe2 rue Johannes Keple 64000PauFrance Earth Science and Engineering Imperial College LondonLondonSW72AzUnited Kingdom

To solve the problems of rock strength increase caused by high in-situ stress,the stress release method with rock slot in the bottom hole by an ultra-high-pressure water jet is *** stress conditions of bottom hole rock,before and after slotting are analyzed and the stress release mechanism of slotting is *** results show that the stress release by slotting is due to the coupling of three factors:the relief of horizontal stress,the stress concentration zone distancing away from the cutting face,and the increase of pore pressure caused by rock mass expansion;The stress concentration increases the effective stress of rock along the radial distance from O.6R to 1R(R is the radius of the well),and the presence of groove completely releases the stress,it also allows the stress concentration zone to be pushed away from the cutting face,while significantly lowering the value of stresses in the area the drilling bit acting,the maximum stress release efficiency can reach 80%.The effect of slotting characteristics on release efficiency is obvious when the groove location is near the borehole *** the increase of groove depth,the stress release efficiency is significantly increased,and the release range of effective stress is enlarged along the axial ***,the stress release method and results of simulations in this paper have a guiding significance for best-improving rock-breaking efficiency and further understanding the technique.

关键词： Hard rock Slotting Stress release Down hole pressures poroelastic mechanics Fluid-structure Interaction Ultra-high-pressure water jet

铁路、人口流动与城市化——略论美国西部开发模式

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城市规划汇刊 2001年第6期 70-74页

作者：王磊伍新木 Michael latham 武汉大学美国Fordham大学

对于落后区域的开发过程 ,由于在其初期阶段必然存在着市场失灵 ,因此政府所承担的基础设施建设 ,是实现其发展的第一推动力。然后 ,一些必需的物质要素 ,如人口 ,才会逐渐流向该区域 ,从而使区域内的城市得到迅速的增长 ,并以此带动整... 详细信息

对于落后区域的开发过程 ,由于在其初期阶段必然存在着市场失灵 ,因此政府所承担的基础设施建设 ,是实现其发展的第一推动力。然后 ,一些必需的物质要素 ,如人口 ,才会逐渐流向该区域 ,从而使区域内的城市得到迅速的增长 ,并以此带动整个地区的城市化进程。这个普遍性的规律对于任何国家而言都是适用的。本文以此为线索 ,考察了美国历史上的西部开发过程 ,并与中国的西部开发进行了比较。

关键词：铁路人口流动美国城市化西部开发模式

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将VR体验从有机艺术发展到科学

软件和集成电路 2019年第11期 44-45页

作者： William latham 伦敦大学及史密斯学院计算机系伦敦大学学院认知神经科学研究所游戏审计公司

感谢大会的邀请,这次我不谈商业方面的发展,主要谈VR体验方面的内容。首先,给大家展示一个视频,主要是V R产品的体验,一些公众带上头盔之后就可以看到虚拟画面的产品。我们再来看一下如何增强V R的体验效果,主要分为三个部分:首先讨论... 详细信息

感谢大会的邀请,这次我不谈商业方面的发展,主要谈VR体验方面的内容。首先,给大家展示一个视频,主要是V R产品的体验,一些公众带上头盔之后就可以看到虚拟画面的产品。我们再来看一下如何增强V R的体验效果,主要分为三个部分:首先讨论一下我们公司所开发的在全球范围内进行分享的VR产品;其次介绍一下我们如何将这项技术用于可视化方面,特别是DNA方面的可视化,还有病毒方面的研究;最后我会讲述一下伦敦在VR方面发展的情况。

关键词： VR 全球范围可视化视频虚拟体验效果

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肺结核和过早产

世界核心医学期刊文摘（儿科学分册） 2005年第8期1卷 20-21页

作者： Katumba- Lunyenya j. joss V. latham p. Abbatuan C. 贺莉 NICU Milton Keynes NHS Trust Eaglestone Standing Way Milton Keynes MK6 5L D United Kingdom Dr.

A mother, newly found to be positive for HIV, delivered her first baby at 25 weeks gestation. The infant initially did well in spite of a symptomatic patent duct and a severe intraventricular haemorrhage, but became severely unwell needing further respiratory support on day 18. Acid fast bacilli were found i n endotracheal secretions. After the baby’s death, the bacilli were confirmed to be Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and the same organism was grown from the mothe r’s urine. The case raised challenging issues in relatively uncharted territor y in terms of treatment of the infant, public health issues, ethical decision ma king, and media management.

关键词：气管分泌物公共卫生呼吸支持尿培养未知领域

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服装工艺理论(一)

丝绸技术 1997年第4期5卷 49-52页

作者： Harolr Cars Barbra latham 李旭郑淑蓉