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Use of donepezil for neurocognitive recovery after brain injury in adult and pediatric populations:a scoping review

Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第8期19卷 1686-1695页

作者： Avery L.Miller Nathan K.Evanson j.michael taylor University of Cincinnati College of Medicine CincinnatiOHUSA Department of Pediatrics University of CincinnatiCincinnatiOHUSA Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine University of CincinnatiCincinnatiOHUSA Division of Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOHUSA Division of Neurology Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOHUSA

There are few pharmacologic options for the treatment of cognitive deficits associated with traumatic brain injury in pediatric *** inhibitors such as donepezil have been evaluated in adult patients after traumatic brain injury,but relatively less is known about the effect in pediatric *** goal of this review is to identify knowledge gaps in the efficacy and safety of acetylcholinesterase inhibito rs as a potential a djuvant treatment fo r neurocognitive decline in pediatric patients with traumatic brain *** queried PubMed to identify literature published from database inception thro ugh june 2023 desc ribing the use of donepezil in young adult traumatic brain injury and pediatric patients with predefined *** on preselected search criteria,340 unique papers we re selected for title and abstra ct ***-two reco rds were reviewed in full after eliminating preclinical studies and pape rs outside the scope of the *** adult traumatic brain injury,we review results from 14 papers detailing 227 subjects where evidence suggests donepezil is well tole rated and shows both objective and patient-reported efficacy for reducing cognitive *** children,3 pape rs report on 5 children recovering from traumatic brain injury,showing limited *** additional 15 pediatric studies conducted in populations at risk for cognitive dysfunction provide a broader look at safety and efficacy in 210 patients in the pediatric age *** its promise for efficacy in adults with traumatic brain injury and tole rability in pediatric patients,we believe further study of donepezil for children and adolescents with traumatic brain injury is warranted.

关键词： acetylcholinesterase inhibitor adult cognition donepezil pediatrics traumatic brain injury

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Universal Hyperthermal Model for Mass Extinctions

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journal of Earth Science 2024年第2期35卷 704-707页

作者： michael j.Benton Paleobiology Research Group School of Earth SciencesUniversity of BristolLife Sciences BuildingTyndall AvenueBristolBS81TQUK

INTRODUCTION Earth scientists have long sought universal features of past extinction *** can be argued that each past extinction event was a singularity,caused by combinations of circumstances that are unique in each case,and therefore that the search for common causes is ***,a key feature of the uniformitarian approach to geology is that past processes are the same as modern-day processes and,with that in mind,earth scientists are keen to use their knowledge to contribute some understanding to the study of the present and future climate crisis.

关键词： extinction singularity Extinction

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Examining the“revisability”benefit of hip resurfacing arthroplasty

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World journal of Orthopedics 2024年第6期15卷 554-559页

作者： jose George Adam j taylor Thomas P Schmalzried Department of Orthopedics Harbor UCLA Medical CenterTorranceCA 90509United States

BACKGROUND Hip resurfacing arthroplasty(HRA)is an alternative to total hip arthroplasty(THA)that is typically reserved for young active patients because it preserves ***,the benefits of HRA only hold true if conversion THA after failed HRA provides acceptable *** To compare patient reported outcomes for conversion THA after HRA failure to primary *** A retrospective review of 36 patients(37 hips)that underwent conversion THA for failed HRA between October 2006 and May 2019 by a single surgeon was *** reported outcomes[modified Harris Hip Score(mHHS),University of California Los Angeles(UCLA)activity score]were obtained via an email-based responder-anonymous *** were compared to normative data of a primary THA cohort with similar *** analysis was performed comparing outcomes of conversion THA for adverse local tissue reaction(ALTR)vs all other causes for *** The study group had a lower mHHS than the control group(81.7±13.8 vs 90.2±11.6,P<0.01);however,both groups had similar UCLA activity levels(7.5±2.3 vs 7.2±1.6,P=0.51).Patients that underwent conversion for non-ATLR causes had similar mHHS(85.2±11.5 vs 90.2±11.6,P=0.11)and higher UCLA activity levels(8.5±1.8 vs 7.2±1.6,P<0.01)compared to the control *** that underwent conversion for ATLR had worse mHHS(77.1±14.5 vs 90.2±11.6,P<0.01)and UCLA activity levels(6.1±2.3 vs 7.2±1.6,P=0.05)when compared to the control *** Patient outcomes equivalent to primary THA can be achieved following HRA conversion to ***,inferior outcomes were demonstrated for ALTR-related HRA *** selection and perhaps further studies examining alternative HRA bearing surfaces should be considered.

关键词： Total hip arthroplasty Hip resurfacing arthroplasty Conversion total hip arthroplasty Adverse local tissue reaction Patient reported outcome measures

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Harnessing naturally occurring mutations for T-cell therapy:a potential new avenue to enhance treatment efficacy

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第5期9卷 1799-1801页

作者： michael Hiltensperger jürgen Ruland Kilian Schober Mikrobiologisches Institut-Klinische Mikrobiologie Immunologie und HygieneFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergErlangenGermany Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry School of MedicineTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany TranslaTUM Center for Translational Cancer ResearchTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany German Cancer Consortium(DKTK) HeidelbergGermany German Center for Infection Research(DZIF) partner site MunichMunichGermany FAU Profile Center Immunomedicine Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergErlangenGermany

In a recent study published in Nature,Garcia et *** a sophisticated approach to identify fitness-enhancing mutations for T cells that was inspired by cancer evolution.1 The identified CARD11-PIK3R3 gene fusion enhanced tumor rejection and persistence of engineered T cells in multiple tumor models and might have the potential to improve efficacy of adoptive T-cell therapies in cancer patients.

关键词： cancer potential

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Adaptation in brain structure and respiratory and olfactory structures across environmental gradients in African and North American muroid rodents

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第1期19卷 165-181页

作者： Peter j.taylor Aluwani NENGOVHELA Christiane DENYS Graham R.SCOTT Catherine M.IVY Department of Zoology School of Natural and Mathematical SciencesUniversity of VendaThohoyandouSouth Africa Afromontane Unit Department of Zoology and EntomologyUniversity of the Free StatePhuthaditjhabaSouth Africa Department of Mammalogy National MuseumBloemfonteinSouth Africa Institut de Systématique EvolutionBiodiversité(ISYEB)Muséum National d’Histoire NaturelleCNRSSorbonne UniversitéEPHEUniversitéDes AntillesParisFrance Department of Biology McMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada Guglielmo and Shoemaker Labs Advanced Facility for Avian ResearchUniversity of Western OntarioLondonOntarioCanada

Morphometric studies of 3D micro CT-scanned images can provide insights into the evolution of the brain and sensory structures but such data are still scarce for the most diverse mammalian order of *** reviewed and new data,we tested for convergence to extreme aridity and high elevation in the sensory and brain morphology of rodents,from morphometric data from micro-CT X-ray scans of 174 crania of 16 species of three distantly re-lated African murid(soft-furred mice,Praomyini,laminate-toothed rats,Otomyini,and gerbils,Gerbillinae)clades and one North American cricetid(deer mice and white-footed mice,Peromyscus)*** studies demon-strated convergent evolution acting on the oval window area of the cochlea(enlarged in extremely arid-adapted species of Otomyini and Gerbillinae)and on endocranial volume(reduced in high elevation taxa of Otomyini and Peromyscus).However,contrary to our predictions,we did notfind evidence of convergence in brain struc-ture to aridity,or in the olfactory/respiratory system(turbinate bones)to high *** structure differed,particularly in the petrosal lobules of the cerebellum and the olfactory bulbs,between Otomyini and Gerbillinae,with extreme arid-adapted species in each clade being highly divergent(not convergent)from other species in the same *** observed greater“packing”of the maxillary turbinate bones,which have important respiratory functions,in Peromyscus mice from high and low elevations compared to the high-elevation African Praomyini,but more complex patterns within Peromyscus,probably related to trade-offs in respiratory physiology and heat exchange in the nasal epithelium associated with high-elevation adaptation.

关键词： 3D morphometrics Africa brain size North America Rodentia sensory evolution

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Dietary fibre effects and the interplay with exogenous carbohydrases in poultry nutrition

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 231-240页

作者： michael R.Bedford Birger Svihus Aaron j.Cowieson AB Vista Feed Ingredients Ltd Norwegian University of Life Sciences DSM Nutritional Products

A comprehensive understanding of the role of dietary fibre in non-ruminant animal production is elusive. Equivocal and conflated definitions of fibre coupled with significant analytical complexity,interact with poorly defined host and microbiome relationships. Dietary fibre is known to influence gut development, feed intake and passage rate, nutrient absorption, microbiome taxonomy and function, gut p H, endogenous nutrient loss, environmental sustainability, animal welfare and more. Whilst significant gaps persist in our understanding of fibre in non-ruminant animal production, there is substantial interest in optimizing the fibre fraction of feed to induce high value phenotypes such as improved welfare,live performance and to reduce the environmental footprint of animal production systems. In order to achieve these aspirational goals, it is important to tackle dietary fibre with the same level of scrutiny as is currently done for other critical nutrient classes such as protein, minerals and vitamins. The chemical,mechanical and nutritional role of fibre must be explored at the level of monomeric sugars, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides of varying molecular weight and decoration, and this must be in parallel to standardisation of analytical tools and definitions for speciation. To further complicate subject, exogenous carbohydrases recognise dietary fibre as a focal substrate and have varying capacity to generate lower molecular weight carbohydrates that interact differentially with the host and the enteric microbiome. This short review article will explore the interactive space between dietary fibre and exogenous carbohydrases and will include their nutritional and health effects with emphasis on functional development of the gut, microbiome modulation and host metabolism.

关键词： Fibre Carbohydrase Nutrition Microbiome Gastro-intestinal development Feed

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Measurement,associations,patterns,and promotion:Unveiling vital areas in physical activity epidemiology

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journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第5期13卷 605-607页

作者： Kara M.Whitaker Guest editor michael j.LaMonte Department of Health&Human Physiology University of IowaIowa CityIA 52242USA Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health University of BuffaloBuffaloNY 14214 USA

Physical activity(PA)epidemiology first emerged as a new field of study around the 1950s with publication of seminal investigations on London civil servants1 and has continued to evolve as a scientific discipline to present *** subdiscipline of epidemiology studies the frequencies,distributions,and dynamics of PA and its impact on human health,morbidity,and *** over the past 75 years has demonstrated numerous health benefits of *** on these research findings,the World Health Organization recommends adults aged 18-64 years engage in at least 150-300 min of moderate-intensity aerobic PA per week,or at least 75-150 min of vigorous-intensity aerobic PA per week,or a combination of both intensities.

关键词： epidemiology promotion continued

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Back to the drawing board:Overview of the next generation of combination therapy for inflammatory bowel disease

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第25期30卷 3182-3184页

作者： jeffrey A Lowell michael j Farber Keith Sultan Department of Medicine Zucker School of Medicine at HofstraNorth Shore University Hospital-Long Island Jewish Medical CenterManhassetNY 11030United States Preclinical Studies New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic MedicineGlen HeadNY 11545United States Division of Gastroenterology Northwell HealthNorth Shore University Hospital and Long Island Jewish Medical CenterGreat NeckNY 10021United States

Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)is entering a potentially new era of combined *** et al provide an insightful review of the current state of combination therapy,with a focus on the use of a combined biologic and immunomodulator,as well as emerging data on the future potential of dual-biologic therapy(DBT).While current evidence for DBT is limited,encouraging safety profiles and ongoing trials suggest a brighter future for this *** importance of controlled trials should be stressed in establishing new treatment *** prospective randomized trials of DBT and perhaps future combinations of biologics and small molecule therapies will hopefully guide the next generation of IBD care.

关键词： Inflammatory bowel disease Biologics Immunomodulators Dual-therapy Combination therapy

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The Global Energy and Water Exchanges(GEWEX)Project in Central Asia:The Case for a Regional Hydroclimate Project

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第5期41卷 777-783页

作者： michael BRODY Maksim KULIKOV Sagynbek ORUNBAEV Peter j.VAN OEVELEN International Agricultural University Tashkent 111200Uzbekistan George Mason University FairfaxVirginia 22030USA University of Central Asia Bishkek 720001Kyrgyz Republic American University of Central Asia Bishkek 720060Kyrgyz Republic International GEWEX project George Mason UniversityFairfaxVirginia 22030USA

Central Asia consists of the former Soviet Republics,Kazakhstan,Kyrgyz Republic,Tajikistan,Turkmenistan,and *** region’s climate is continental,mostly semi-arid to *** is a significant part of the region’s *** its nature of intensive water use,agriculture is extremely vulnerable to climate *** growth and irrigation development have significantly increased the demand for water in the *** climate change issues include melting glaciers and a shrinking snowpack,which are the foundation of the region’s water resources,and a changing precipitation *** glaciers are located in Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan,leading to transboundary water resource *** already has extremely high *** indicate that Central Asia has been warming and precipitation might be *** warming is expected to increase,but its spatial and temporal distribution depends upon specific global *** of future precipitation show significant uncertainties in type,amount,and *** Hydroclimate Projects(RHPs)are an approach to studying these *** steps to develop an RHP began in 2021 with a widely distributed online survey about these climate *** was followed up with an online workshop and then,in 2023,an in-person workshop,held in Tashkent,*** for the Global Energy and Water Exchanges(GEWEX)project for the region include both observations and modeling,as well as development of better and additional precipitation observations,all of which are topics for the next workshop.A well-designed RHP should lead to reductions in critical climate uncertainties in policy-relevant timeframes that can influence decisions on necessary investments in climate adaptation.

关键词： GEWEX Central Asia climate change agriculture

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Comparisons of oxbow lake fish assemblages in relation to bigheaded carp establishment in the lower White River, Arkansas

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Ecological Processes 2024年第1期13卷 188-205页

作者： michael A.Eggleton Cody j.Salzmann joseph E.Kaiser Shannon C.F.Smith Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff Arkansas Game and Fish Commission Virginia Institute of Marine Science

Background Since the late 1990s, bigheaded carps(largely silver carp [Hypophthalmichthys molitrix] but also bighead carp [H. nobilis]) have established throughout the lower Mississippi River basin. Using previously studied oxbow lakes in the lower White River basin, Arkansas, we compared current(2017, “post-carp” establishment) fish assemblages to historical(2002, “pre-carp” establishment) fish assemblages. Fish assemblages were comprehensively assessed using multiple gears, including boat electrofishing, mini-fyke nets, and experimental small-mesh gill *** T-tests suggested that fish assemblage indices of richness, diversity, evenness, and dominance were often greater(P 0.05) between the pre-carp and post-carp period with fish assemblages depicted using mini-fyke nets. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling analyses indicated that fish assemblages differed structurally between pre-carp and post-carp periods. Assemblage differences were linked to both small and large abundance changes for more than 20 species. Abundances of gizzard shad(Dorosoma cepedianum), emerald shiner(Notropis atherinoides), pugnose minnow(Opsopoeodus emiliae), crappies(Pomoxis spp.), bluegill(Lepomis macrochirus), orangespotted sunfish(L. humilis), and yellow bass(Morone mississippiensis) declined between the pre-carp and postcarp periods. Conversely, abundances of weed shiner(N. texanus), pallid shiner(Hybopsis amnis), longear sunfish(L. megalotis), buffalofishes(Ictiobus spp.), and gars(Lepisosteus spp.) generally increased during the same *** Although not possible to conclude assemblage shifts were entirely related to bigheaded carps due to the absence of an appropriate reference system where carps did not establish, the wide establishment of these carps is one of the most pervasive changes to have occurred in the lower White

关键词： Bigheaded carp Silver carp Aquatic nuisance species Fish assemblage Oxbow lake Large river

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