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Root overlap and allocation of above- and belowground growth of European beech in pure and mixed stands of Douglas fir and Norway spruce

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Forest Ecosystems 2024年第5期11卷 591-602页

作者： Amani S.Lwila Christian Ammer oliver Gailing Ludger Leinemann Martina Mun Department of Silviculture&Forest Ecology of the Temperate Zones University of GöttingenBüsgenweg 137077GöttingenGermany Center for Biodiversity and Sustainable Land-Use University of GöttingenBüsgenweg 137077GöttingenGermany Department of Forest Genetics and Forest Tree Breeding Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest EcologyUniversity of GöttingenBüsgenweg 237077GöttingenGermany Forestry Research and Competence Centre Gotha Jägerstraße 1D-99867Germany

Site conditions and species identity have a combined effect on fine root growth of trees in pure and mixed ***,mechanisms that may contribute to this effect are rarely studied,even though they are essential to assess the potential of species to cope with climate *** study examined fine root overlap and the linkage between fine root and stem growth of European beech(Fagus sylvatica)growing in pure and mixed stands with Douglas fir(Pseudotsuga menziesii)or Norway spruce(Picea abies)at two different study sites in northwestern *** study sites represented substantially different soil and climate *** each site,three stands,and at each stand,three pairs of trees were *** the pure beech stand,the pairs consisted of two beech trees,while in the mixed stands each pair was composed of a beech tree and a *** each pair,three evenly spaced soil cores were taken monthly throughout the growing *** the pure beech stands,microsatellite markers were used to assign the fine roots to individual *** in stem diameter of beech were quantified and then upscaled to aboveground wood productivity with automatic high-resolution circumference *** found that fine root overlap between neighboring trees varied independently of the distance between the paired trees or the stand types(pure versus mixed stands),indicating that there was no territorial *** wood productivity(wood NPP)and fine root productivity(root NPP)showed similar unimodal seasonal patterns,peaking in ***,this pattern was more distinct for root NPP,and root NPP started earlier and lasted longer than wood *** influence of site conditions on the variation in wood and root NPP of beech was stronger than that of stand *** NPP was,as expected,higher at the richer site than at the poorer *** contrast,root NPP was higher at the poorer than at the richer *** concluded that beech can respond to limited resources

关键词： Fine root growth Stem growth Trade-off Cost-benefit ratio Belowground territoriality Conspecific neighbors Heterospecific neighbors

A Tutorial on Federated Learning from Theory to Practice:Foundations,Software Frameworks,Exemplary Use Cases,and Selected Trends

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IEEE/CAA journal of Automatica Sinica 2024年第4期11卷 824-850页

作者： M.Victoria Luzón Nuria Rodríguez-Barroso Alberto Argente-garrido Daniel jiménez-López jose M.Moyano javier Del Ser Weiping Ding Francisco Herrera Department of Software Engineering Andalusian Research Institute in Data Science and Computational Intelligence(DaSCI)University of GranadaGranada 18071Spain Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Andalusian Research Institute in Data Science and Computational Intelligence(DaSCI)University of GranadaGranada 18071Spain Department of Communications Engineering University of the Basque Country(UPV/EHU)and also with TECNALIABasque Research&Technology Alliance(BRTA)Spain School of Information Science and Technology Nantong UniversityNantong 226019China

When data privacy is imposed as a necessity,Federated learning(FL)emerges as a relevant artificial intelligence field for developing machine learning(ML)models in a distributed and decentralized *** allows ML models to be trained on local devices without any need for centralized data transfer,thereby reducing both the exposure of sensitive data and the possibility of data interception by malicious third *** paradigm has gained momentum in the last few years,spurred by the plethora of real-world applications that have leveraged its ability to improve the efficiency of distributed learning and to accommodate numerous participants with their data *** virtue of FL,models can be learned from all such distributed data sources while preserving data *** aim of this paper is to provide a practical tutorial on FL,including a short methodology and a systematic analysis of existing software ***,our tutorial provides exemplary cases of study from three complementary perspectives:i)Foundations of FL,describing the main components of FL,from key elements to FL categories;ii)Implementation guidelines and exemplary cases of study,by systematically examining the functionalities provided by existing software frameworks for FL deployment,devising a methodology to design a FL scenario,and providing exemplary cases of study with source code for different ML approaches;and iii)Trends,shortly reviewing a non-exhaustive list of research directions that are under active investigation in the current FL *** ultimate purpose of this work is to establish itself as a referential work for researchers,developers,and data scientists willing to explore the capabilities of FL in practical applications.

关键词： Data privacy distributed machine learning federated learning software frameworks

Magnetic compression anastomosis to restore biliary tract continuity after obstruction following major abdominal trauma:A case report

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World journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2024年第6期16卷 1933-1938页

作者： Miao-Miao Zhang jie Tao Huan-Chen Sha Yun Li Xiao-Gang Song oliver j Muensterer Fang-Fang Dong Li Zhang Yi Lyu Xiao-Peng Yan Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an 710061Shaanxi ProvinceChina Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Magnetic Medicine The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an 710061Shaanxi ProvinceChina National Local joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery&Regenerative Medicine The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an 710061Shaanxi ProvinceChina Department of Pediatric Surgery Dr.von Hauner Children’s HospitalLudwig-Maximilians-University Medical CenterMunich 80337Germany

BACKGROUND The combination of magnetic compression anastomosis(MCA)and endoscopy has been used to treat biliary stricture after liver ***,its use for the treatment of complex biliary obstruction after major abdominal trauma has not been *** case report describes the successful use of MCA for the treatment of biliary obstruction resulting from major abdominal trauma.A 23-year-old man underwent major abdominal surgery(repair of liver rupture,right half colon resection,and ileostomy)following a car accident one year *** abdominal drainage tube,positioned at the Winslow foramen,was draining approximately 600-800 mL of bile per *** the two endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography procedures,the guide wire was unable to enter the common bile duct,which prevented placement of a biliary *** combined with endoscopy was used to successfully achieve magnetic anastomosis of the peritoneal sinus tract and duodenum,and then a choledochoduodenal stent was ***,the external biliary drainage tube was *** patient achieved internal biliary drainage leading to the removal of the external biliary drainage tube,which improved the quality of *** Magnetic compression technique can be used for the treatment of complex biliary obstruction with minimal operative trauma.

关键词： Magnetic compression anastomosis Magnetosurgery Endoscopy Magnetic Surgery Clinic Biliary obstruction Case report

Petrology and geochemistry of mafic and ultramafic cumulate rocks from the eastern part of the Sabzevar ophiolite(NE Iran): Implications for their petrogenesis and tectonic setting

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Geoscience Frontiers 2020年第6期11卷 2347-2364页

作者： Fatemeh Rahmani Mohamad Ali Mackizadeh Moussa Noghreyan Claudio Marchesi Carlos j.garrido Department of Geology Faculty of SciencesUniversity of IsfahanP.O.Box:81746-73441IsfahanIran Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias de La Tierra(IACT) CSIC-Universidad de GranadaAvenida de Las Palmeras 418100ArmillaGranadaSpain Departamento de Mineralogía y Petrología Facultad de CienciasUniversidad de GranadaAvenida Fuentenueva s/n18002GranadaSpain

The Late Cretaceous Sabzevar ophiolite represents one of the largest and most complete fragments of Tethyan oceanic lithosphere in the NE *** is mainly composed of serpentinized mantle peridotites slices;nonetheless,minor tectonic slices of all crustal sequence constituents are observed in this *** crustal sequence contains a well-developed ultramafic and mafic cumulates section,comprising plagioclase-bearing wehrlite,olivine clinopyroxenite,olivine gabbronorite,gabbronorite,amphibole gabbronorite and quartz gabbronorite with adcumulate,mesocumulate,heteradcumulate and orthocumulate *** crystallization order for these rocks is olivine±chromian spinel→clinopyroxene→plagioclase→orthopyroxene→*** presence of primary magmatic amphiboles in the cumulate rocks shows that the parent magma evolved under hydrous ***,the studied rock units are characterized by low TiO2(0.18-0.57 wt.%),P2 O5(jacent *** REE plots of these rocks display increasing trend from La to Sm,positive Eu anomaly(Eu/Eu*=1.06-1.54)and an almost flat pattern from medium REE(MREE)to heavy REE(HREE)region[(Gd/Yb)N=1-1.17].Moreover,clinopyroxenes from the cumulate rocks have low REE contents and show marked depletion in light REE(LREE)compared to MREE and HREE[(La/Sm)N=0.10-0.27 and(La/Yb)N=0.08-0.22].The composition of calculated melts in equilibrium with the clinopyroxenes from less evolved cumulate samples are closely similar to island arc tholeiitic(IAT)*** mineralogy,geochemical features

关键词： Petrology Geochemistry Cumulate rocks Sabzevar ophiolite Supra-subduction zone Iran

Error field penetration in j-TEXT tokamak based on two-fluid drift-MHD model

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第4期33卷 545-551页

作者：王文徐涛张仪 the j-TEXT team State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Technology International Joint Research Laboratory of Magnetic Confinement Fusion and Plasma PhysicsSchool of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China

An externally generated resonant magnetic perturbation can induce complex non-ideal MHD responses in their resonant *** have studied the plasma responses using Fitzpatrick's improved two-fluid model and program *** calculated the error field penetration threshold for *** addition,we find that the island width increases slightly as the error field amplitude increases when the error field amplitude is below the critical penetration ***,the island width suddenly jumps to a large value because the shielding effect of the plasma against the error field disappears after the *** scanning the natural mode frequency,we find that the shielding effect of the plasma decreases as the natural mode frequency ***,we obtain the m/n=2/1 penetration threshold scaling on density and temperature.

关键词： plasma responses drift-MHD model error field penetration

Storing Freshwater Versus Storing Electricity in Power Systems with High Freshwater Electric Demand

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journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2024年第2期12卷 323-333页

作者： Mubarak j.Al-Mubarak Antonio j.Conejo Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA Department of Electrical Engineering Kuwait UniversityP.O.Box 5969Safat 13060Kuwait Department of Integrated Systems Engineering and the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43210USA IEEE

We consider a power system whose electric demand pertaining to freshwater production is high(high freshwater electric demand),as in the Middle East,and investigate the tradeoff of storing freshwater in tanks versus storing electricity in batteries at the day-ahead operation *** storing freshwater and storing electricity increase the actual electric demand at valley hours and decrease it at peak hours,which is generally beneficial in term of cost and ***,to what extent?We analyze this question considering three power systems with different generation-mix configurations,i.e.,a thermal-dominated mix,a renewable-dominated one,and a fully renewable *** generation-mix configurations are inspired by how power systems may evolve in different countries in the Middle *** production uncertainty is compactly modeled using chance *** draw conclusions on how both storage facilities(freshwater and electricity)complement each other to render an optimal operation of the power system.

关键词： Power system operation freshwater production and transportation coordination day-ahead scheduling

Analysis of ancient mass extinction recoveries in marine environments: generating strategies for managing outcomes of the current mass extinction

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National Science Review 2024年第1期11卷 8-10页

作者： David j.Bottjer Department of Earth Sciences University of Southern California

The defining feature of a mass extinction and its associated recovery is the global amount of extinction that occurred[1]. However, there is finer-scale detail to the story, as seen in the ongoing modern mass extinction(the sixth mass extinction), which exhibits variable effects among marine ecosystems and environments, and hence geographic areas [1].

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