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Investigating the Modulatory Role of Chronological and Biological Age on Performance Predictors in Youth Swimmers

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journal of Science in Sport and Exercise 2020年第4期2卷 349-358页

作者： M.A.McNarry L.Lester j.brown K.A.Mackintosh School of Sport and Exercise Sciences Swansea UniversityBay CampusSwansea SA18ENUK School of Human Science University of Western AustraliaPerth 6009Australia

Purpose The aim of this study was to determine the modulatory roles of biological maturity and age on the predictors of performance in youth swimmers and their stability over a six-month training *** In total,28 swimmers(10 pre-pubertal[6 boys],11.1±1.8 years;18 pubertal[8 boys],15.2±2.0 years old)and 26 untrained controls(15 pre-pubertal[10 boys],9.7±1.5 years;11 pubertal[6 boys],14.4±0.5 years old)were *** baseline,3-and 6-months,participants completed an incremental ramp cycle test,isometric handgrip strength test and countermovement jumps,with speed assessed as a measure of performance in *** component analysis(PCA)identified factors that described youth swimmers’physical profile,with linear mixed models subsequently used to determine their interaction with age and maturity on *** Aerobic fitness and upper body strength were significantly higher in the trained participants,irrespective of maturity status or *** key factors were identified through PCA(anthropometrics;strength;aerobic capacity;aerobic rate),accounting for 90%of the between parameter *** exerted a widespread influence on swimming performance predic-tors,influencing all four factors,whilst maturity only influenced the aerobic *** key age of divergence was 13 *** Overall,the present study found no evidence of a maturational threshold in the aerobic or strength-related response to training in *** influence of age on performance predictors suggests that utilising a single or select group of parameters to inform selection and/or talent identification throughout the dynamic processes of growth and maturation should be avoided.

关键词： Aerobic fitness Strength Maturity Pre-pubertal Pubertal Power

Genome-wide association and genomic prediction identifies soybean cyst nematode resistance in common bean including a syntenic region to soybean Rhg1 locus

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Horticulture Research 2019年第1期6卷 1734-1745页

作者： Liwei Wen Hao-Xun Chang Patrick j.brown Leslie L.Domier Glen L.Hartman Department of Crop Sciences University of IllinoisUrbanaIL 61801USA United States Department of Agriculture—Agricultural Research Service UrbanaILUSA Monsanto St.LouisMO 63167USA Department of Plant Soil and Microbial SciencesMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48824USA Department of Plant Sciences University of CaliforniaDavisCA 95616USA

A genome-wide association study(GWAS)was applied to detect single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)significantly associated with resistance to Heterodera glycines(HG)also known as the soybean cyst nematode(SCN)in the core collection of common bean,Phaseolus *** were 84,416 SNPs identified in 363 common bean *** identified SNPs on chromosome(Chr)1 that were significantly associated with resistance to HG type *** SNPs were in linkage disequilibrium with a gene cluster orthologous to the three genes at the Rhg1 locus in soybean.A novel signal on Chr 7 was detected and associated with resistance to HG type *** predictions(GPs)for resistance to these two SCN HG types in common bean achieved prediction accuracy of 0.52 and 0.41,*** study generated a high-quality SNP panel for 363 common bean accessions and demonstrated that both GWAS and GP were effective strategies to understand the genetic architecture of SCN resistance in common bean.

关键词： soybean resistance prediction

Alteration in immune function in patients with fatty liver disease

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Hepatoma Research 2022年第1期8卷 363-375页

作者： Stephanie N.Gregory Shruthi R.Perati Zachary j.brown Department of Surgery Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical SchoolNew BrunswickNJ 08901USA Division of Surgical Oncology Department of SurgeryThe Ohio State University Wexner Medical CenterColumbusOH 43210USA

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is a disease spectrum that spans simple steatosis,fibrosis,and ultimately cirrhosis,and is a leading cause of chronic liver disease *** severe variant of NAFLD,non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH),is characterized by triglyceride accumulation within hepatocytes and the subsequent inflammatory pathway activation,ultimately progressing to cirrhosis in 10%-20%of *** is a known major risk factor for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),and there is emerging data demonstrating the impact of NASH on immune subsets and the tumor microenvironment that may influence therapeutic *** review describes the various ways in which the immune system is altered in patients with *** innate immune system in NASH shows alterations in dendritic and Kupffer cells,impaired cytotoxicity of Natural Killer cells,and an accumulation of ***,there is emerging evidence emphasizing the role of the adaptive immune system in the development and progression of NASH,seen in the alteration of B-cells,T-cells,and NKT *** to the complex interplay of the immune system in NAFLD/NASH and its progression to HCC,many current treatments focus on targeting immune cells for HCC ***,immune checkpoint inhibitors such as atezolizumab and bevacizumab have been approved as first-line therapy for unresectable *** an emerging field of research,further studies and clinical trials are needed to understand the complex interface of NASH,HCC and the immune response.

关键词： Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis nonalcoholic fatty liver disease steatohepatitis immunology hepatocellular carcinoma

A Lipidomic Perspective on Intermediates in Cholesterol Synthesis as Indicators of Disease Status

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journal of Genetics and Genomics 2014年第5期41卷 275-282页

作者： Laura j.Sharpe Vicky Burns Andrew j.brown School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences The University of New South Wales

Lipidomics is increasingly becoming a viable method for researchers to routinely identify the various sterols present in samples, beyond just measuring cholesterol itself. In particular, the measurement of intermediates in cholesterol synthesis can shed new insights into not only the flux through the pathway, but also numerous disease states where levels of sterol intermediates are drastically altered. In this review, we indicate several intermediates that are relevant to disease, and discuss the challenges for analysing them, including the need for standardised methodology or universal controls across the lipidomics field.

关键词： Cholesterol Intermediates Lipidomics

Epidural electrical stimulation for spinal cord injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第12期16卷 2367-2375页

作者： Elliot H.Choi Sandra Gattas Nolan j.brown john D.Hong joshua N.Limbo Alvin Y.Chan Michael Y.Oh Department of Pharmacology School of MedicineCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOHUSA Department of Ophthalmology Gavin Herbert Eye InstituteSchool of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCAUSA Department of Neurosurgery University of CaliforniaIrvineCAUSA

A long-standing goal of spinal cord injury research is to develop effective repair strategies,which can restore motor and sensory functions to near-normal *** advances in clinical management of spinal cord injury have significantly improved the prognosis,survival rate and quality of life in patients with spinal cord *** addition,a significant progress in basic science research has unraveled the underlying cellular and molecular events of spinal cord *** efforts enabled the development of pharmacologic agents,biomaterials and stem-cell based *** these efforts,there is still no standard care to regenerate axons or restore function of silent axons in the injured spinal *** challenges led to an increased focus on another therapeutic approach,namely *** multiple animal models of spinal cord injury,epidural electrical stimulation of the spinal cord has demonstrated a recovery of motor *** evidence regarding the efficacy of epidural electrical stimulation has further expanded the potential of epidural electrical stimulation for treating patients with spinal cord ***,most clinical studies were conducted on a very small number of patients with a wide range of spinal cord ***,subsequent studies are essential to evaluate the therapeutic potential of epidural electrical stimulation for spinal cord injury and to optimize stimulation ***,we discuss cellular and molecular events that continue to damage the injured spinal cord and impede neurological recovery following spinal cord *** also discuss and summarize the animal and human studies that evaluated epidural electrical stimulation in spinal cord injury.

关键词： central nervous system chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans epidural electrical stimulation glial scar gliosis neural activity neuromodulation oligodendrocyte spinal cord injury

Forensic isoscapes based on intra-individual temporal variation of δ^(18)O and ^(206)Pb/^(207)Pb in human teeth

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Forensic Sciences Research 2021年第1期6卷 42-52页

作者： Laura A.Regan Nathan W.Bower Samuel j.brown Craig C.Lundstrom Gideon Bartov Matthew D.Cooney Office of Net Assessment Department of DefenseWashingtonDCUSA Chemistry and Biochemistry Department Colorado CollegeColorado SpringsCOUSA Geology Department University of IllinoisUrbanaILUSA Information Technology Services Colorado CollegeColorado SpringsCOUSA

Isotopic signatures used in the georeferencing of human remains are largely fixed by spatially distinct geologic and environmental ***,location-dependent temporal changes in these isotope ratios should also be considered when determining an individual’s provenance and/or *** of the relevant isotopes can be impacted by predictable external factors such as climate change,delocalisation of food and water sources and changes in sources and uses of *** Multi-Collector Inductively-Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer(MC-ICP-MS)analyses of ^(206)Pb/^(207)Pb in tooth enamel and dentin from a population of 21±1-year-old individuals born circa 1984 and isotope ratio mass spectrometry(IRMS)of δ^(18)O in their enamel,we examined the expected influence of some of these *** resulting adjustments to the geographic distribution of isotope ratios(isoscapes)found in tooth enamel and dentin may contain additional useful information for forensic identification,but the shifts in values can also impact the uncertainty and usefulness of identifications if they are not taken into account.

关键词： Forensic sciences dentin enamel environmental geolocation isoscape radiogenic and stable isotopes

Therapeutic potential of neuromodulation for demyelinating diseases

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第2期16卷 214-217页

作者： Elliot H.Choi Chioma Nwakalor Nolan j.brown joonho Lee Michael Y.Oh In Hong Yang Department of Pharmacology School of MedicineCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOHUSA Department of Ophthalmology Gavin Herbert Eye InstituteSchool of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCAUSA Department of Neurological Surgery University of CaliforniaIrvineCAUSA Department of Mechanical Engineering and Engineering Science Center for Biomedical Engineering and ScienceUniversity of North Carolina at CharlotteCharlotteNCUSA University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry RochesterNYUSA

Neuromodulation represents a cutting edge class of both invasive and non-invasive therapeutic methods which alter the activity of ***,several different techniques have been developed-or are currently being investigated–to treat a wide variety of neurological and neuropsychiatric ***,in vivo and in vitro studies have revealed that neuromodulation can also induce myelination,meaning that it could hold potential as a therapy for various demyelinating diseases including multiple sclerosis and progressive multifocal *** findings come on the heels of a paradigm shift in the view of myelin's role within the nervous system from a static structure to an active co-regulator of central nervous system plasticity and participant in neuron-mediated *** the present review,we highlight several of the recent findings regarding the role of neural activity in altering myelination including several soluble and contact-dependent factors that seem to mediate neural activitydependent *** also highlight several considerations for neuromodulatory techniques,including the need for further research into spatiotemporal precision,dosage,and the safety and efficacy of transcranial focused ultrasound stimulation,an emerging neuromodulation *** the field of neuromodulation continues to evolve,it could potentially bring forth methods for the treatment of demyelinating diseases,and as such,further investigation into the mechanisms of neuron-dependent myelination as well as neuro-imaging modalities that can monitor myelination activity is warranted.

关键词： central nervous system deep brain stimulation myelination neural activity oligodendrocyte optogenetic stimulation transcranial electrical stimulation transcranial focused ultrasound stimulation transcranial magnetic stimulation

A rare case of severe third degree friction burns and large Morel-Lavallee lesion of the abdominal wall

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Burns & Trauma 2018年第1期6卷 63-66页

作者： Darnell j.brown Kuo jung G.Lu Kristina Chang jennifer Levin john T.Schulz jeremy Goverman Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA

Background: Morel-Lavallee lesions (MLLs) are rare internal degloving injuries typically caused by blunt traumatic injuries and most commonly occur around the hips and in association with pelvic or acetabular fractures. MLL is often overlooked in the setting of poly-trauma;therefore, clinicians must maintain a high degree of suspicion and be familiar with the management of such injuries, especially in obese poly-trauma patients. Case presentation: We present a 30-year-old female pedestrian struck by a motor vehicle who sustained multiple long bone fractures, a mesenteric hematoma, and full-thickness abdominal skin friction burn which masked a significant underlying abdominal MLL. The internal degloving caused significant devascularization of the overlying soft tissue and skin which required surgical drainage of hematoma, abdominal wall reconstruction with tangential excision, allografting, negative pressure wound therapy, and ultimately autografting. Conclusion: MLL is a rare, often overlooked, internal degloving injury. Surgeons must maintain a high index of suspicion when dealing with third degree friction burns as they may mask underlying injuries such as MLL, and a delay in diagnosis can lead to increased morbidity.

关键词： Friction burns Blunt trauma friction burns nternal degloving injuries Morel-Lavallee lesion Traumatic pseudocyst

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布朗医生日记--秘密

中国全科医学 2009年第4期12卷 337-337页

作者： Sanford j.brown 周淑新(译) 不详中国天然气集团公司中心医院河北省廊坊市102800

我的职责之一是看那些没有家庭医生但又需要医生的病人,一次我被叫去看一位79岁的女性,她中度痴呆、有大量胸腔积液.我决定请放射科医生为其摄胸部X线.'不知造成胸腔积液的原因什么?'我说,'所以给她做个扫描.''我可以告诉你原因,'jolul... 详细信息

我的职责之一是看那些没有家庭医生但又需要医生的病人,一次我被叫去看一位79岁的女性,她中度痴呆、有大量胸腔积液.我决定请放射科医生为其摄胸部X线.'不知造成胸腔积液的原因什么?'我说,'所以给她做个扫描.''我可以告诉你原因,'jolul说,'她胸部有个肿瘤.''你怎么知道?'我不解地问,'我看到的是乳白色肺影.''6个月前她住院治疗过,'john指着一张老片子说,'那时她有个2cm的病变.'

关键词：医疗差错肿瘤