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Brain weight predicts yawn duration across domesticated dog breeds

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Current Zoology 2020年第4期66卷 401-405页

作者： Andrew C.Gallup Lea Moscatello jorg j.M.Massen Psychology Program Department of Social and Behavioral SciencesSUNY Polytechnic InstituteUticaNY13502USA Department of Psychology SUNY College at OneontaOneontaNY13820USA Animal Ecology Group Department of BiologyUtrecht UniversityPadualaan 8Utrecht CH3584The Netherlands

Previous research shows that yawning enhances intracranial circulation and regulates brain temperature. Consistent with these functional outcomes, yawn duration correlates positively with interspecies variation in brain weight across mammals, with robust relationships documented at both the taxonomic rank of class and the more restricted scale of family (e.g., Felidae). This study provides the first investigation into whether differences in brain weight within a single species, domesticated dogs Canis lupus familiaris, can predict intraspecific variation in yawn duration. Measures of yawn duration were obtained from public videos available online and then paired with previously published brain and body weight data of different dog breeds. The final sample consisted of 272 yawns from 198 dogs across 23 breeds. Consistent with recent studies, we find robust correlations between yawn duration and brain weight across breeds. Moreover, these correlations remain significant after controlling for differences in body weight across breeds. These findings replicate and extend upon past work in this area and provide further support that yawns evolved to serve an important and large-scale neurophysiologic function.

关键词： brain cooling brain size cortical arousal neuroanatomy

Vocal individuality and rhythm in male and female duet contributions of a nonhuman primate

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Current Zoology 2020年第2期66卷 173-186页

作者： Dena j.CLINK johny S.TASIRIN Holger KLINCK Bioacoustics Research Program Cornell Lab of OrnithologyCornell UniversityIthacaNY14850USA Faculty of Agriculture Sam Ratulangi UniversityManadoIndonesia

Duetting,or the stereotypical,repeated and often coordinated vocalizations between 2 individuals arose independently multiple times in the Order *** primate species,there exists substantial variation in terms of timing,degree of overlap,and sex-specificity of duet *** is increasing evidence that primates can modify the timing of their duet contributions relative to their partner,and this vocal flexibility may have been an important precursor to the evolution of human ***,we present the results of a fine-scale analysis of Gursky’s spectral tarsier Tarsius spectrumgurskyae duet phrases recorded in North Sulawesi,***,we aimed to investigate individual-level variation in the female and male contributions to the duet,quantify individual-and pair-level differences in duet timing,and measure temporal precision of duetting individuals relative to their *** were able to classify female duet phrases to the correct individual with an 80%accuracy using support vector machines,whereas our classification accuracy for males was lower at 64%.Females were more variable than males in terms of timing between *** tarsier phrases exhibited some degree of overlap between callers,and tarsiers exhibited high temporal precision in their note output relative to their *** provide evidence that duetting tarsier individuals can modify their note output relative to their duetting partner,and these results support the idea that flexibility in vocal exchanges—a precursor to human language—evolved early in the primate lineage and long before the emergence of modern humans.

关键词： primate vocal communication rhythm vocal plasticity vocal individuality

Modeling the dose-response rate/associations between VO2max and self-reported Physical Activity Questionnaire in children and adolescents

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journal of Sport and Health Science 2020年第1期9卷 90-95页

作者： Alan M.Nevill Michael j.Duncan Gavin Sandercock Faculty of Education Health and WellbeingUniversity of WolverhamptonWalsall CampusWalsallWS13BDUK Faculty of Health and Life Sciences Coventry UniversityCoventryCV15FBUK School of Biological Sciences University of EssexColchesterCO43SQUK

Background'. This study sought to explore the dose—response rate/association between aerobic fitness (VC)2max) and self-reported physical activity(PA) and to assess whether this association varies by sex, age, and weight ***. VO2max was assessed using the 20・m shuttle・run test. PA was assessed using the Physical Activity Questionnaire (PAQ) for Adolescents(aged > 11 years, PAQ-A) or for Children (aged <11 years, PAQ-C). The associations between V02raax and PAQ were analyzed using analysisof covariance (ANCOVA), adopting PAQ and PAQ2 as covariates but allowing the intercepts and slope parameters of PAQ and PAQ2 tovary with the categorical variables sex, age group, and weight ***: ANCOVA identified a curvilinear association between VO2max and PAQ, with positive linear PAQ terms that varied for both sex andweight status but with a negative PAQ2 term of —0.39 (95% confidence interval (CI): —0.57 to —0.21) that was common for all groups in regardto age, sex, and weight status. These curvilinear (inverted U) associations suggest that the benefits of increasing PA (same dose) on VO2max isgreater when children report lower levels of PA compared to children who report higher levels of PA. These dose-response rates were alsosteeper for boys and were steeper for lean children compared to overweight/obese ***'. Health practitioners should be aware that encouraging greater PA (same dose) in inactive and underweight children will result ingreater gains in V02max (response) compared with their active and overweight/obese counterparts.

关键词： Aerobic fitness Curvilinear association Sex Slope parameters Weight status

AMP-activated kinase in human spermatozoa： identification, intracellular localization, and key function in the reRulation of sperm motility

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Asian journal of Andrology 2017年第6期19卷 707-714页

作者： Violeta Calle-Guisado Ana Hurtado de Llera David Martin-Hidalgo jose Mijares Maria C Gil Ignacio S Alvarez Maria j Bragado Luis j Garcia-Marin Research Group of Intracellular Signalling and Technology of Reproduction (SINTREP) School of Veterinary Medicine University of Extremadura Caceres Spain Assisted Reproduction Unit at the-Minimally Invasive surgery Center jesos Uson (CCMIjU) Caceres Spain Norba Clinic Caceres Spain Research Group of Reproduction and Embryo Development (REDES) University of Extremadura Badajoz Spain Extremadura Institute of Assisted Reproduction (IERA) Badajoz Spain.

AMP-activated kinase （AMPK）, a protein that regulates energy balance and metabolism, has recently been identified in boar spermatozoa where regulates key functional sperm processes essential for fertilization. This work＇s aims are AMPK identification, intracellular localization, and their role in human spermatozoa function. Semen was obtained from healthy human donors. Sperm AMPK and phospho-Thr172-AMPK were analyzed by Western blotting and indirect immunofluorescence. High- and low-quality sperm populations were separated by a 40%-80% density gradient. Human spermatozoa motility was evaluated by an Integrated Semen Analysis System （ISAS） in the presence or absence of the AMPK inhibitor compound C （CC）. AMPK is localized along the human spermatozoa, at the entire acrosome, midpiece and tail with variable intensity, whereas its active form, phospho-Thr172-AMPK, shows a prominent staining at the acrosome and sperm tail with a weaker staining in the midpiece and the postacrosomal region. Interestingly, spermatozoa bearing an excess residual cytoplasm show strong AMPK staining in this subcellular compartment. Both AMPK and phospho-Thr172-AMPK human spermatozoa contents exhibit important individual variations. Moreover, active AMPK is predominant in the high motility sperm population, where shows a stronger intensity compared with the low motility sperm population. Inhibition of AMPK activity in human spermatozoa by CC treatment leads to a significant reduction in any sperm motility parameter analyzed： percent of motile sperm, sperm velocities, progressivity, and other motility coefficients. This work identifies and points out AMPK as a new molecular mechanism involved in human spermatozoa motility. Further AMPK implications in the clinical efficiency of assisted reproduction and in other reproductive areas need to be studied.

关键词： AMP-activated kinase human spermatozoa immunolocalization sperm motility sperm quality

Textural changes in metallurgical coke prepared with polyethylene

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International journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2014年第10期21卷 969-973页

作者： Stanislav S.Gornostayev jyrki j.Heino Tommi M.T.Kokkonen Hannu T.Makkonen Satu M.M.Huttunen Timo M.j.Fabritius Laboratory of Process Metallurgy University of Oulu

The effect of high-density polyethylene （HDPE） on the textural features of experimental coke was investigated using polar- ized-light optical microscopy and wavelet-based image analysis. Metallurgical coke samples were prepared in a laboratory-scale furnace with 2.5%, 5.0%, 7.5%, 10.0%, and 12.5% HDPE by mass, and one sample was prepared by 100% coal. The amounts and distribution of textures （isotropic, mosaic and banded） and por^s were obtained. The calculations reveal that the addition of HDPE results in a decrease of mosaic texture and an increase of isotropic texture. Ethylene formed from the decomposition of HDPE is considered as a probable reason for the texture modifications. The approach used in this study can be applied to indirect evaluation for the reactivity and strength of coke.

关键词： metallurgical coke texture image analysis polyethylene

Conversion coatings of Mg-alloy AZ91D using trihexyl(tetradecyl) phosphonium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide ionic liquid

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Science China Chemistry 2012年第8期55卷 1598-1607页

作者： HOWLETT P. C. GRAMET S. LIN j. EFTHIMIADIS j. CHEN X. B. BIRBILIS N. FORSYTH M. ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science Institute for Frontier Materials Deakin Univerxlty Burwood Campus Burwood Victoria 3125 Australia CAST Cooperative Research Centre Department of Materials Engineering Monash University Melbourne Victoria 3800 Australia

This work reveals the performance of a trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide ([P6,6,6,14][NTf2]) ionic liquid (IL) conversion coating upon AZ91D. Such conversion coatings represent a novel avenue for chromate replacement. An optimization of coating performance was pursued by careful alloy pretreatment to generate a surface on which the coating performs best, as the AZ91 substrate is distinctly different from pure or dilute Mg alloys. The results reveal that a functional conversion coating can be achieved, retarding anodic dissolution kinetics, causing a significant decrease in corrosion rate. The coating efficacy is closely tied to the pretreatment performed, which dictates both the microstructural and electrochemical heterogeneity of the surface. The resulting coatings were found to contain MgxFx and phosphonium cation related components, the proportions of which were dependent on the pretreatment.

关键词： AZ91D corrosion conversion coating ionic liquid pretreatment

Schwann-like adipose-derived stem cells as a promising therapeutic tool for peripheral nerve regeneration:effects of cholinergic stimulation

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第6期16卷 1218-1220页

作者： Roberta Piovesana Alessandro Faroni Ada Maria Tata Adam j.Reid Department of Biology and Biotechnologies“Charles Darwin” SapienzaUniversity of RomeRomeItaly Blond McIndoe Laboratories Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative MedicineSchool of Biological SciencesFaculty of BiologyMedicine and HealthThe University of ManchesterManchester Academic Health Science CentreManchesterUK Research Centre of Neurobiology“Daniel Bovet” SapienzaUniversity of RomeRomeItaly Department of Plastic Surgery&Burns Wythenshawe HospitalManchester University NHS Foundation TrustManchester Academic Health Science CentreManchesterUK

Schwann-like adipose-derived stem cells and nerve injury:Peripheral nerve injuries(PNIs)are a common clinical problem usually as a consequence of *** optimal surgical management,PNI has a lifelong impact on function and wellbeing of the *** peripheral nervous system(PNS)has regenerative capability,in contrast to the central nervous system(CNS),and is dependent on the plasticity of the peripheral glia,Schwann cells(SCs).Despite this regenerative capability,PNI recovery of sensorial and motor function is always incomplete causing pain,cold intolerance,paralysis and impairment of activities of daily living.

关键词： stimulation injuries paralysis

Effect of different intensities of physical activity on cardiometabolic markers and vascular and cardiac function in adult rats fed with a high-fat high-carbohydrate diet

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journal of Sport and Health Science 2018年第1期7卷 109-119页

作者： Romeo B.Batacan jr Mitch j.Duncan Vincent j.Dalbo Geraldine L.Buitrago Andrew S.Fenning School of Medical and Applied Sciences Central Queensland University Centre for Physical Activity Studies Central Queensland University School of Medicine & Public Health Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Faculty of Health and MedicineThe University of Newcastle University Drive Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory Central Queensland University Centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Development of Therapeutics Australian Institute of Tropical Health and MedicineJames Cook University

Background: Physical activity(PA) and diet are 2 lifestyle factors that affect cardiometabolic risk. However, data on how a high-fat highcarbohydrate(HFHC) diet influences the effect of different intensities of PA on cardiometabolic health and cardiovascular function in a controlled setting are yet to be fully established. This study investigated the effect of sedentary behavior, light-intensity training(LIT), and high-intensity interval training(HIIT) on cardiometabolic markers and vascular and cardiac function in HFHC-fed adult ***: Twelve-week-old Wistar rats were randomly allocated to 4 groups(12 rats/group): control(CTL), sedentary(SED), LIT, and *** indices, glucose and lipid control, inflammatory and oxidative stress markers, vascular reactivity, and cardiac electrophysiology of the experimental groups were examined after 12 weeks of HFHC-diet feeding and PA ***: The SED group had slower cardiac conduction(p = 0.0426) and greater thoracic aortic contractile responses(p < 0.05) compared with the CTL group. The LIT group showed improved cardiac conduction compared with the SED group(p = 0.0003), and the HIIT group showed decreased mesenteric artery contractile responses compared with all other groups and improved endothelium-dependent mesenteric artery relaxation compared with the LIT group(both p < 0.05). The LIT and HIIT groups had lower visceral(p = 0.0057 for LIT, p = 0.0120 for HIIT)and epididymal fat(p < 0.0001 for LIT, p = 0.0002 for HIIT) compared with the CTL ***: LIT induced positive adaptations on fat accumulation and cardiac conduction, and HIIT induced a positive effect on fat accumulation,mesenteric artery contraction, and endothelium-dependent relaxation. No other differences were observed between groups. These findings suggest that few positive health effects can be achieved through LIT and HIIT when consuming a chronic and sustained HFHC diet.

关键词： High-intensity interval training Inflammation Light-intensity training Metabolic syndrome Oxidative stress Sedentary behavior Western diet

Preliminary age-based life history characteristics of the dogtooth tuna,Gymnosarda unicolor(Ruppell,1838),in the southwest Pacific Ocean

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Aquaculture and Fisheries 2023年第3期8卷 323-331页

作者： David j.Welch Adam K.Smith Kyne Krusic-Golub Sandra Erdmann Stephen j.Newman C_(2)O Fisheries PO Box 3041CairnsQueensland4870Australia Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture College of Science and EngineeringJames Cook UniversityTownsville4811Australia Reef Ecologic TownsvilleQueensland4811Australia Fish Ageing Services Pty.Ltd. QueenscliffVictoria3225Australia Western Australian Fisheries and Marine Research Laboratories Department of Primary Industries and Regional DevelopmentGovernment of Western AustraliaNorth BeachWestern Australia6020Australia

Dogtooth tuna,Gymnosarda unicolor were sampled off the east coast of Australia(southwest Pacific Ocean)from 2007 to *** were determined by examining thin transverse sections of their sagittal otoliths and were based on counts of alternating opaque and translucent zones(annual growth increments).Growth was rapid during the first year of life,after which growth in length was much *** of the constrained von Bertalanffy growth function(fork length-at-age)were L∞=1164.77(mm,FL)and K=0.44 year^(-1).Preliminary estimates of longevity indicate a maximum observed age of at least 20 *** was a high degree of variation in the observed length and age of sexual maturity for *** this variation,the size at 50%maturity for female *** estimated in this study was 713 mm FL(<2 years of age).The diet of *** is very broad and covers a range of fish *** life history characteristics of *** overall,indicate that this species may be somewhat resilient to ***,reports of localised depletions,in association with heavy targeting by sports fishers,low effective population sizes and patchy recruitment indicate that this species is particularly vulnerable to overfishing.

关键词： Otoliths Age Life history Pacific ocean Diet Fisheries management