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Role of lysosomal trafficking regulator in autophagic lysosome reformation in neurons:a disease perspective

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第5期19卷 957-958页

作者： Prashant Sharma jenny Serra-vinardell Wendy j.Introne May Christine v.Malicdan NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program Common FundOffice of the DirectorNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA Human Biochemical Genetics Section Medical Genetics BranchNational Human Genome Research InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA(Serra-Vinardell JIntrone)

Lysosomes are discrete organelles that act as recycling centers for extracellular and intracellular materials,playing a pivotal role in maintaining cellular homeostasis.Their acidic environment,maintained by numerous hydrolytic enzymes,facilitates substrate degradation.Dysfunction in lysosomal processes can lead to abnormal substrate degradation,significantly impacting cellular homeostasis.High energy-demanding cells,such as post-mitotic neurons,are especially vulnerable to these changes,often resulting in neurological diseases.Autophagy,a conserved catabolic process,requires extensive lysosomal utilization.It plays a key role in removing unnecessary intracellular components,ensuring cellular homeostasis,and promoting cell survival during stress conditions such as starvation,infection,or cellular damage.

关键词： homeostasis lysosomal removing

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Laboratory evaluation of toxicity of selected insecticides against egg and larval stages of cotton pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)

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journal of Cotton Research 2024年第1期7卷 15-28页

作者： BUSNOOR Abhishek v. WADASKAR R.M. FAND Babasaheb B. TAMBE v.j. PILLAI T. MAHULE D.j. NAGRARE v.S. PRASAD Y.G. Entomology Section College of Agriculture(Dr.Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth)Nagpur 440001MaharashtraIndia Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Central Institute for Cotton Research Nagpur 441108MaharashtraIndia

Background The cryptic nature of pink bollworm Pectinophora gossypiella(Saunders)larvae enables its reduced vul-nerability to insecticidal control.Further,the development of resistance against Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt)toxins posed a serious threat to transgenic cotton cultivation.This necessitated determining the critical timing of spray applications on the control effectiveness.This study assessed the influence of egg age(freshly laid vs.three-day-old)and the loca-tion of larvae(directly exposed to the insecticide residues on the boll rind vs.burrowed inside the bolls)on insecticide control efficacy.Results The results revealed a significant decrease in the ovicidal activity of tested insecticides with an increase in the age of eggs from one day old to three days old(paired t-test,Pvae directly exposed to the insec-ticide residues on the boll rind were more susceptible(>80%mortality)than the larvae exposed after they had bur-rowed inside the bolls(velopmental biology were more pronounced in the experiment on pre-larval release insecticide treatment compared with insecticide treatment given post-larval release and entry inside the bolls.Conclusion Egg age influences the insecticide susceptibility,as does the larval location,directly exposed vs bur-rowed inside the bolls.Older eggs and the larvae that had burrowed inside the green bolls of cotton were relatively less susceptible to the insecticide treatments.The toxic effects of insecticides on egg and larval stages were primar-ily ephemeral.These findings are significant for devising a comprehensive strategy for pink bollworm management on a sustainable basis.

关键词： Bioefficacy Cotton Insecticides Pink bollworm Pectinophora gossypiella Timings of spray

interferometry;laser±plasma interaction;off-harmonic probe laser;streaked shadowgraphy

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2024年第1期12卷 99-107页

作者： j.Hornung Y.Zobus H.Lorenté C.Brabetz B.Zielbauer v.Bagnoud GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH DarmstadtGermany Institut d’Optique UniversitéParis-SaclayPalaiseauFrance Institut für Angewandte Physik Technische Universität DarmstadtDarmstadtGermany

This paper presents the development and experimental utilization of a synchronized off-harmonic laser system designed as a probe for ultra-intense laser±plasma interaction experiments. The system exhibits a novel seed-generation design,allowing for a variable pulse duration spanning over more than three orders of magnitude, from 3.45 picoseconds to 10 nanoseconds. This makes it suitable for various plasma diagnostics and visualization techniques. In a side-view configuration, the laser was employed for interferometry and streaked shadowgraphy of a laser-induced plasma while successfully suppressing the self-emission background of the laser±plasma interaction, resulting in a signal-to-self-emission ratio of 110 for this setup. These properties enable the probe to yield valuable insights into the plasma dynamics and interactions at the PHELIX facility and to be deployed at various laser facilities due to its easy-to-implement design.

关键词： interferometry laser-plasma interaction off-harmonic probe laser streaked shadowgraphy

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Effect of age on the standardized ileal amino acid digestibility of soybean meal and canola meal in broilers

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 11-22页

作者： Mukti Barua M.Reza Abdollahi Faegheh Zaefarian Timothy j.Wester Channarayapatna K.Girish Peter v.Chrystal velmurugu Ravindran Monogastric Research Center School of Agriculture and Environment Massey University Department of Animal Science and Nutrition Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University Nutrition and Care Animal NutritionEvonik (SEA) Pte. Ltd Complete Feed Solutions

Standardized ileal digestibility coefficients (SIDC) of nitrogen (N) and amino acids (AA) in two protein sources (soybean meal [SBM] and canola meal [CM]) were investigated at six broiler ages (d 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42). Two assay diets were formulated to contain either SBM (413 g/kg) or CM (553 g/kg) as the sole dietary AA source. Titanium dioxide (5 g/kg) was added as an indigestible marker. A total of 696 male broilers at 1 d old were allotted to 12 replicate cages per age group. Each assay diet was offered to birds for 4 d prior to the ileal digesta collection on d 7 (14 birds/cage), 14 (12 birds/cage), 21 (10 birds/cage), 28 (8 birds/cage), 35 (8 birds/cage) and 42 (6 birds/cage), respectively. The apparent digestibility coefficients were standardized using age-specific basal endogenous AA flows. In the SBM group, though the SIDC of N tended to be influenced (quadratic; P=0.075) by age, no linear or quadratic response of age effect was observed on the average SIDC of indispensable (IAA) and total AA (TAA). An age effect (quadratic; Pved on the average SIDC of dispensable AA (DAA) in SBM with the highest value recorded at d 7, followed by a decrease from d 14 to 28, which increased beyond d 35. The SIDC of some individual AA (Arg, Thr, Trp, Cys, Pro) were affected (Pverage SIDC of IAA, DAA and TAA were influenced (quadratic; Pverage SIDC of DAA and TAA were higher from d 7 to 14, declined at d 21, and then increased beyond d 28. The average SIDC of IAA was low between d 7 and 28 and increased thereafter. The SIDC of individual AA were affected (linear or quadratic; Pvariable, depending on the protein source and AA. The results demonstrate that age-specific SIDC AA data might need consideration in broiler feed formulations.

关键词： Age Amino acid Broiler Digestibility Protein source

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Current Zoology 2024年第1期70卷 1-12页

作者： Lucia v.Sommaro juan j.Martinez Marina B.Chiappero Andrea R.Steinmann Cristina N.Gardenal joséW.Priotto Laboratorio de Ecologia Evolutiva y Biogeografia Instituto de Ecorregiones Andinas(INECoA)Universidad Nacional de Jujuy-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas(CONICET)San Salvador de JujuyJujuyArgentina Instituto de Diversidad y Ecologia Animal(IDEA) Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Técnicas(CONICET)and Universidad Nacionalde CordobaCordobaArgentina Catedra de Genética de Poblaciones y Evolucion Facultad de Ciencias ExactasFisicas y NaturalesUniversidad Nacional de CordobaCordobaArgentina Grupo de Investigaciones en Ecologia Poblacional y Comportamental(GIEPCO) Instituto de Ciencias de la TierraBiodiversidad y Ambiente(ICBiA)Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Técnicas(CONICET)Rio CuartoCordobaArgentina

The sex-biased dispersal and kinship dynamics are important factors shaping the spatial distribution of individuals and are key parameters affecting a variety of ecological and evolutionary processes.Here,we studied the spatial distribution of related individuals within a population of corn mice Calomys musculinus in a seasonal cycle to infer dispersal patterns.The sampling was carried out from spring 2005 to winter 2006 in field borders of intensively managed agroecosystems.Genotyping data from 346 individuals with 9 microsatellites showed spatial genetic structure was weak for males,but not for females.The results indicate a complex spatial kinship dynamic of related females across all seasons.Which,contrary to our expectations,dispersal distances decrease with the increase of the population abundance.Meanwhile,male dispersal distances were greater when population abundance increased and thus the availability of active females.Males disperse greater distances to mate and sire offspring with distant females as a possible inbreeding avoidance mechanism.This study shows that C.musculinus is capable of much greater scattering distances than previously reported and that dispersal occurs fluidly and without barriers across the agroecosystem.The indirect benefit of dispersal on individual fitness could be related to relaxing the competition in the natal area and increasing the mating rate.Our study highlights the value of combining genetic relatedness,fieldwork observations,and behavioral data to estimate dispersal at a fine geographical scale.

关键词： dispersal distances kinship dynamics microsatellite small mammals spatial autocorrelation

In situ digital testing method for quality assessment of soft soil improvement with polyurethane

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journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第5期16卷 1732-1748页

作者： X.F.Wang C.j.Wang W.v.Yue Z.j.Zhang Z.Q.Yue Department of Civil Engineering China University of Geosciences (Beijing)BeijingChina Department of Water Science and Engineering Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina Department of Geotechnical Engineering Tongji UniversityShanghaiChina Department of Civil Engineering The University of Hong KongChina

This study purposes an in situ testing method on quality assessment of soil improvement.Factual drilling data includes the spatial distribution and in situ strength of untreated and treated soil along three different drillholes measured by on-site drilling monitoring method.These factual drilling data can characterize the degree of soil improvement by penetration injection with permeable polyurethane.Result from on-site drilling monitoring shows that the linear zones represent constant drilling speeds shown in the plot of drill bit advancement *** drilling time,which indicates the spatial distributions of soil profile.The soil profile at the study site is composed of four layers,which includes fill,untreated silty clay,treated silty clay,and mucky soil.The results of soil profile are verified by the parallel site loggings.The constant drilling speeds profile the coring-resistant strength of drilled soils.By comparing with the untreated silty clay,the constant drilling speeds of the treated silty clay have been decreased by 13.0-62.8%.Two drilling-speed-based indices of 61.2%and 65.6%are proposed to assess the decreased average drilling speed and the increased in situ strength of treated silty clay.Laboratory tests,i.***.uniaxial compressive strength(UCS)test,have been performed with core sample to investigate and characterize in situ strength by comparing that with drilling speeds.Results show that the average predicted strengths of treated silty clay are 2.4-6.9 times higher than the average measured strength of untreated silty clay.The UCS-based indices of 374.5%and 344.2%verified the quality assessment(QA)results by this new in situ method.This method provides a cost-effective tool for quality assessment of soil improvement by utilizing the digital drilling data.

关键词： Drilling process monitoring system Hydraulic rotary drilling process Constant drilling speed Soil improvement Quality assessment

A detailed comparison of the composition of(RE)-Ba-Cu-O-Ag bulk superconductors

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Superconductivity 2024年第1期9卷 87-94页

作者： j.v.j.Congreve Y.Shi A.R.Dennis H.Druiff N.C.Tutt D.A.Cardwell j.H.Durrell Department of Engineering University of CambridgeCambridgeUK

The homogeneity of the microstructure and composition are critical in determining the properties of rare earthbarium‐cuprate,single grain bulk superconductors[(RE)BCO].The magnitude of the trapped magnetic field achieveable in these technologically important materials,in particular,is influenced heavily by the size and distribution of(RE)_(2)BaCuO_(x)(RE‐211)flux pinning inclusions in the bulk microstructure,whereas the size and distribution of silver agglomerates present within the bulk superconducting matrix correlate directly with improved mechanical properties.With careful engineering,these materials have significant potential for application in range of devices related to energy storage,medicine,electro‐magnetic machinery and microelectronic technology.Fabrication of(RE)BCO bulk superconductors typically involves heating a powder compact above its peritectic decomposition temperature followed by slow cooling to facilitate the growth of a single grain.Each(RE)BCO composition has a different peritectic temperature and growth rate,which,therefore,necessitates different requirements in the heating profile.The fabrication temperature and growth rate,for example,may have an effect on the RE‐211 and silver distribution,which may,in turn,affect the superconducting properties of the resulting single grain.In this work we compare the distributions of silver and RE‐211 in the single grain microstructures of YBCOAg,GdBCO‐Ag,EuBCO‐Ag and SmBCO‐Ag bulk superconductors using optical microscopy,scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy.We observe that the distributions are very similar along both the a/b‐axis and c‐axis of these materials.This suggests that factors other than the maximum temperature used to achieve peritectic decomposition and the rate of single grain growth are particularly influential in determining the properties of the as‐processed samples in the top seeded melt growth process.This observation demonstrates there is freedom to use(RE)materials interchangeably between different

关键词： YBCO‐Ag GdBCO‐Ag SmBCO‐Ag EuBCO‐Ag Composition Bulk superconductor

颈椎病和长时间脊髓压迫病人脑萎缩、白质损伤和功能适应性改变的MRI证据

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国际医学放射学杂志 2020年第2期 245-246页

作者： á.Bernabéu-Sanz j.v.mollá-torró S.López-Celadal P.M.López E.Fernández-jover 胡现宁 Magnetic Resonance Department Inscanner SL C/San Pedro Poveda

目的采用多种先进神经影像技术探讨颈椎病(CS)对脑的影响。方法纳入27例CS和24名年龄及性别匹配的健康对照者。采用改良的日本骨科协会评分系统

关键词：功能适应性 MRI 感觉运动皮质白质损伤颈椎病

In vivo femtosecond laser nanosurgery of the cell wall enabling patch-clamp measurements on filamentous fungi

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2024年第2期10卷 251-267页

作者： Tanja Pajić Katarina Stevanović Nataša v.Todorović Aleksandar j.Krmpot MiroslavŽivić Svetlana Savić-Šević Steva M.Lević Marina Stanić Dejan Pantelić Brana jelenković Mihailo D.Rabasović Institute of Physiology and Biochemistry“Ivan Djaja” Faculty of BiologyUniversity of BelgradeStudentski trg 1611158BelgradeSerbia Institute for Biological Research“Siniša Stanković” University of BelgradeNational Institute of the Republic of SerbiaBulevar Despota Stefana 14211000BelgradeSerbia Institute of Physics Belgrade University of BelgradeNational Institute of the Republic of SerbiaPregrevica 11811080BelgradeSerbia University of Belgrade Faculty of AgricultureNemanjina Street 611080BelgradeSerbia Institute for Multidisciplinary Research University of BelgradeKneza Višeslava 111030BelgradeSerbia

Studying the membrane physiology of filamentous fungi is key to understanding their interactions with the environment and crucial for developing new therapeutic strategies for disease-causing pathogens.However,their plasma membrane has been inaccessible for a micron-sized patch-clamp pipette for pA current recordings due to the rigid chitinous cell wall.Here,we report the first femtosecond IR laser nanosurgery of the cell wall of the filamentous fungi,which enabled patch-clamp measurements on protoplasts released from hyphae.A reproducible and highly precise(diffraction-limited,submicron resolution)method for obtaining viable released protoplasts was developed.Protoplast release from the nanosurgery-generated incisions in the cell wall was achieved from different regions of the hyphae.The plasma membrane of the obtained protoplasts formed tight and high-resistance(GΩ)contacts with the recording pipette.The entire nanosurgical procedure followed by the patch-clamp technique could be completed in less than 1 hour.Compared to previous studies using heterologously expressed channels,this technique provides the opportunity to identify new ionic currents and to study the properties of the ion channels in the protoplasts of filamentous fungi in their native environment.

关键词： patch recording laser