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Evolutionary diversity as a catalyst for biological discovery

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Integrative Zoology 2018年第6期13卷 616-633页

作者： Zachary v.jOHNSON Larry j.YOUNG School of Biological Sciences Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGeorgiaUSA Center for Translational Social Neuroscience Silvio O.Conte Center for Oxytocin and Social CognitionDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesYerkes National Primate Research CenterEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA

The tremendous diversity of animal behaviors has inspired generations of scientists from an array of biological *** complement investigations of ecological and evolutionary factors contributing to behavioral evolution,modern sequencing,gene editing,computational and neuroscience tools now provide a means to discover the proximate mechanisms upon which natural selection acts to generate behavioral *** behaviors are motivated behaviors that can differ tremendously between closely related species,suggesting phylogenetic plasticity in their underlying biological *** addition,convergent evolution has repeatedly given rise to similar forms of social behavior and mating systems in distantly related *** behavioral divergence and convergence provides an entry point for understanding the neurogenetic mechanisms contributing to behavioral *** argue that the greatest strides in discovering mechanisms contributing to social behavioral diversity will be achieved through integration of interdisciplinary comparative approaches with modern tools in diverse species *** review recent advances and future potential for discovering mechanisms underlying social behavioral variation;highlighting patterns of social behavioral evolution,oxytocin and vasopressin neuropeptide systems,genetic/transcriptional“toolkits,”modern experimental tools,and alternative species systems,with particular emphasis on Microtine rodents and Lake Malawi cichlid fishes.

关键词： cichlids oxytocin and vasopressin social behavior toolkits voles

Protein profiles of enzymatically isolated rumen epithelium in sheep fed a fibrous diet

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journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2019年第2期10卷 449-462页

作者： j.j.Bond A.j.Donaldson j.v.F.Coumans K.Austin D.Ebert D.Wheeler v.H.Oddy NSW Department of Primary Industries Extensive Livestock Industry CentreUniversity of New EnglandTrevenna RdArmidaleNSW 2351Australia School of Rural Medicine University of New EnglandArmidaleNSW 2351Australia NSW Department of Primary Industries Orange Agricultural InstituteOrangeNSW 2800Australia.

Background: The rumen wall plays a major role in efficient transfer of digested nutrients in the rumen to peripheral tissues through the portal venous system. Some of these substrates are metabolised in the epithelium during this process. To identify the specific proteins involved in these processes, we used proteomic technologies. Protein extracts were prepared from ventral rumen tissue of six sheep fed a fibrous diet at 1.5× maintenance energy *** a newly developed method, we were able to enzymatically isolate the epithelial cells from underlying tissue layers, thus allowing cytosol and membrane fractions to be independently analysed using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry(LC MS/MS).Results: Using our procedure we identified 570 epithelial proteins in the Ovis aries sequence database. Subcellular locations were largely cytosolic(n = 221) and extracellular(n = 85). However, a quarter of the proteins identified were assigned to the plasma membrane or organelle membranes, some of which transport nutrients and metabolites. Of these 91 were transmembrane proteins(TMHMM), 27 had an N-terminal signal peptide(signalP) and TMHMM motif,13 had a glycosylphosphatidylinositol(GPI) anchor and signalP sequence, 67 had beta(β) strands or 17 β strands and a transit peptide sequence, indicating the identified proteins were integral or peripheral membrane proteins. Subunits of the 5 protein complexes involved in mitochondrial cellular energy production were well represented. Structural proteins(15%), proteins involved in the metabolism of lipids and proteins(26%) and those with steroid or cytokine action were a feature of the ***: Our research has developed a procedure to isolate rumen epithelium proteins from the underlying tissue layers so that they may be profiled using proteomic technologies. The approach improves the number of proteins that can be profiled that are specific to the epithelium of the rumen wall. It provides new insights

关键词： Epithelium Metabolism Nutrition Proteome Rumen Sheep

Analysis of the geometrical dependence of auxetic behavior in reentrant structures by finite elements

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2016年第2期32卷 295-300页

作者： v.H.Carneiro H.Puga j.Meireles Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Minho

Materials with a negative Poisson＇s ratio（PR）are called auxetics;they are characterized by expansion/contraction when tensioned/*** this counterintuitive behavior,they present very particular characteristics and mechanical *** models have been developed to justify and artificiall reproduce such materials＇ auxetic *** focus of this study is the exploration of a reentrant model by analyzing the variation in the PR of reentrant structures as a function of geometrical and base material *** is shown that,even in the presence of protruding ribs,there may not be auxetic behavior,and this depends on the geometry of each reentrant *** determined for these parameters can be helpful as approximate reference data in the design and fabrication of auxetic lattices using reentrant geometries.

关键词： Auxetic Poisson’s ratio Reentrant Finite element analysis Elasticity

Torsional mechanics of single walled carbon nanotubes with hydrogen for energy storage and fuel cell applications

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2019年第3期62卷 93-101页

作者： v.vijayaraghavan j.F.N.Dethan Liang Gao School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering University of New South Wales School of Engineering Monash University Malaysia State Key Laboratory for Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology

Torsional mechanics of single walled carbon nanotubes(SWCNTs) encapsulated with hydrogen molecules was investigated in this study, using the molecular dynamics(MD) simulation approach. The torsional properties of hydrogen stored SWCNTs were crucial for determining the durability and lifetime of SWNCTs-based energy storage and proton exchange membrane fuel cell(PEMFC) applications. The influence of hydrogen storage concentration, SWCNT geometry, vacancy defects, temperature variation and varying boundaries of rotated as well as fixed groups on the torsional mechanics of SWCNT was investigated. The results and conclusions provide an insight into the torsional properties of SWCNTs with hydrogen storage that could be used for the development of SWCNTs-based hydrogen storage devices and PEMFC applications.

关键词： single walled carbon nanotubes torsional properties hydrogen molecules vacancy defects

Using emotions for the development of human-agent societies

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Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2016年第4期17卷 325-337页

作者： j.A.RINCON j.BAjO A.FERNANDEZ v.jULIAN C.CARRASCOSA Department of Computer Systems and Computation Universitat Politecnica de Valencia Departamento de Inteligencia Artificial Universidad Politecnica de Madrid Centre for Intelligent Information Technologies Universidad Rey Juan Carlos

Human-agent societies refer to applications where virtual agents and humans coexist and interact transparently into a fully integrated environment. One of the most important aspects in this kind of applications is including emotional states of the agents(humans or not) in the decision-making process. In this sense, this paper presents the applicability of the jaCalIvE(jason Cartago implemented intelligent virtual environment) framework for developing this kind of society. Specifically, the paper presents an ambient intelligence application where humans are immersed into a system that extracts and analyzes the emotional state of a human group. A social emotional model is employed to try to maximize the welfare of those humans by playing the most appropriate music in every moment.

关键词： Multi-agent systems virtual environments Emotional agents

Large eddy simulation of free-surface flows

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journal of Hydrodynamics 2017年第1期29卷 1-12页

作者： Richard j.McSherry Ken v.Chua Thorsten Stoesser School of Engineering Cardiff UniversityCardiffCF24 3AAUK

This paper introduces and discusses numerical methods for flee-surface flow simulations and applies a large eddy simula- tion （LES） based flee-surface-resolved CFD method to a couple of flows of hydraulic engineering interest. The advantages, dis- advantages and limitations of the various methods are discussed. The review prioritises interface capturing methods over interface tracking methods, as these have shown themselves to be more generally applicable to viscous flows of practical engineering interest, particularly when complex and rapidly changing surface topologies are encountered. Then, a LES solver that employs the level set method to capture flee-surface deformation in 3-D flows is presented, as are results from two example calculations that concern com- plex low submergence turbulent flows over idealised roughness elements and bluff bodies. The results show that the method is capable of predicting very complex flows that are characterised by strong interactions between the bulk flow and the free-surface, and permits the identification of turbulent events and structures that would be very difficult to measure experimentally.

关键词： Large eddy simulation free-surface level set method volume of fluid

Numerical studies towards practical large-eddy simulation

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journal of Thermal Science 2007年第4期16卷 328-336页

作者： j.Boudet j.Caro L.Shao E.Lév(?)que LMFA Laboratoire

Large-eddy simulation developments and validations are presented for an improved simulation of turbulent internal flows. Numerical methods are proposed according to two competing criteria： numerical qualities （precision and spectral characteristics）, and adaptability to complex configurations. First, methods are tested on academic test-cases, in order to abridge with fundamental studies. Consistent results are obtained using adaptable finite volume method, with higher order advection fluxes, implicit grid filtering and ＂low-cost＂ shear-improved Smagorinsky model. This analysis particularly focuses on mean flow, fluctuations, two-point correlations and spectra. Moreover, it is shown that exponential averaging is a promising tool for LES implementation in complex geometry with deterministic unsteadiness. Finally, adaptability of the method is demonstrated by application to a configuration representative of blade-tip clearance flow in a turbomachine.

关键词： LES adaptable methods validation

Modeling limit force capacities of high force to volume lead extrusion dampers

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2021年第3期15卷 609-622页

作者： v.vISHNUPRIYA Geoffrey.W.RODGERS j.Geoffrey CHASE Department of Mechanical Engineering University of CanterburyChristchurch8140New Zealand QuakeCoRE NZ Centre for Earthquake Resilience Christchurch8041New Zealand

Lead extrusion dampers are supplemental energy-dissipation devices that are used to mitigate seismic structural *** volumetric sizes and high force capacities define high-force-to-volume(HF2v)devices,which can absorb significant response energy without sacrificial ***,the design of such devices for specific force capacities has proven difficult based on the complexities of their internal reaction mechanisms,leading to the adoption of empirical *** study developed upper-and lower-bound force capacity estimates from analytical mechanics based on direct and indirect metal extrusion for guiding *** derived equations are strictly functions of HF2v device geometric parameters,lead material properties,and extrusion *** upper-bound estimates from direct and indirect extrusion are denoted as(F_(UB,1),F_(UB,2))and(F_(UB,3),F_(UB,4)),respectively,and the lower-bound estimates are denoted as(F_(LB),F_(LB,1))based on the combination of extrusion and friction *** proposed models were validated by comparing the predicted bounds to experimental force capacity data from 15 experimental HF2v device *** experimental device forces all lie above the lower-bound estimates(F_(LB),F_(LB,1))and below the upper-bound estimates(F_(UB,1),F_(UB,2),F_(UB,4)).Overall,the(F_(LB),F_(UB,2))pair provides wider bounds and the(F_(LB,1),F_(UB,4)/F_(UB,1))pair provides narrower ***(F_(LB,1),F_(UB,1))pair has a mean lower-bound gap of 36%,meaning the lower bound was 74%of the actual device force on *** mean upper-bound gap was 33%.The bulge area and cylinder diameter of HF2v devices are key parameters affecting device *** relatively tight bounds provide useful mechanics-based predictive design guides for ensuring that device forces are within the targeted design range after manufacturing.

关键词： extrusion lead dampers upper and lower bound analytical modelling limit force

Analysis of regular and chaotic dynamics of the Euler-Bernoulli beams using finite difference and finite element methods

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2011年第1期27卷 36-43页

作者： j.Awrejcewicz A.v.Krysko j.Mrozowski O.A.Saltykova M.v.Zhigalov Department Automation and Biomechanics Technical University of Lódz Department of Mathematics and Modeling Saratov State University

Chaotic vibrations of flexible non-linear Euler-Bernoulli beams subjected to harmonic load and with various boundary conditions（symmetric and non-symmetric）are studied in this *** of the obtained results is verified by the finite difference method（FDM）and the finite element method（FEM）with the Bubnov-Galerkin approximation for various boundary conditions and various dynamic regimes（regular and non-regular）.The influence of boundary conditions on the Euler-Bernoulli beams dynamics is studied mainly,dynamic behavior *** parameters { ωp,q0 } is reported,and scenarios of the system transition into chaos are illustrated.

关键词： Euler-Bernoulli beams · Chaos · Finite differ-ence method · Finite element method