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Integrating innovations:a qualitative analysis of referral non-completion among rapid diagnostic test-positive patients in Uganda’s human African trypanosomiasis elimination programme

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2018年第1期7卷 844-859页

作者： Shona j.Lee jennifer j.Palmer Centre of African Studies University of EdinburghGeorge SquareEdinburgh EH89LDUK Health in Humanitarian Crises Centre London School of Hygiene&Tropical MedicineKeppel StreetLondon WC1E 7HTUK.

Background:the recent development of rapid diagnostic tests(RDts)for human African trypanosomiasis(HAt)enables elimination programmes to decentralise serological screening services to frontline health ***,patients must still undertake multiple onwards referral steps to either be confirmed or discounted as *** surveillance thus relies not only on the performance of diagnostic technologies but also on referral support structures and patient *** study explored why some RDt-positive suspects failed to complete the diagnostic referral process in West Nile,***:Between August 2013 and june 2015,85%(295/346)people who screened RDt-positive were examined by microscopy at least once;10 cases were *** interviewed 20 RDt-positive suspects who had not completed referral(16 who had not presented for their first microscopy examination,and 4 who had not returned for a second to dismiss them as cases after receiving discordant[RDt-positive,but microscopy-negative results]).Interviews were analysed thematically to examine experiences of each step of the referral ***:Poor provider communication about HAt RDt results helped explain non-completion of referrals in our *** patients were unaware they were tested for HAt until receiving results,and some did not know they had screened *** HAt testing and treatment is free,anticipated costs for transportation and ancillary health services fees deterred *** expected a positive RDt result would lead to HAt *** results that failed to provide a definitive diagnosis without further testing led some to question the expertise of health *** the four individuals who missed their second examination,complying with repeat referral requests was less attractive when no alternative diagnostic advice or treatment was ***:An RDt-based surveillance strategy that relies on referral through all levels of the health system is inevitably sub

关键词： Human African trypanosomiasis Sleeping sickness Uganda Passive screening Diagnostics Case detection Referral completion Rapid diagnostic tests Elimination

REItERAtED HOMOGENIZAtION OF DEGENERAtE NONLINEAR ELLIPtIC EQUAtIONS

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Chinese Annals of Mathematics,Series B 2002年第3期23卷 325-334页

作者： j.BYStRM j.ENGStRM P.WALL Dedicated to the memory of jacques-Louis Lions Dedicated to the memory of Jacques-Louis LionsDedicated to the memory of Jacques-Louis Lions

the authors study homogenization of some nonlinear partial differential equations of the form -div (?(hx, h2x,Duh)) =f, where a is periodic in the first two arguments and monotone in the third. In particular the case where a satisfies degenerated structure conditions is studied. It is proved that uh converges weakly in W01,1 (?) to the unique solution of a limit problem as h ? '. Moreover, explicit expressions for the limit problem are obtained.

关键词： Homogenization Reiterated Monotone Degenerated

Plasma sheet stretching accompanied by field aligned energetic ion fluxes observed by the NUADU instrument aboard tC-2

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2007年第12期52卷 1719-1723页

作者： LU Li S. MCKENNA-LAWLOR S. BARABASH LIU ZhenXing CAO jinBin j. BALAZ K. KUDELA t. L. ZHANG C. M. CARR Centre for Space Science and Applied Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 China Space technology Ireland National University of Ireland Maynooth Co. Kildare Ireland Swedish Institute of Space Physics Kiruna Sweden Institute of Experimental Physics Kosice Slovakia Space Research Institute Austrian Academy of Sciences Graz Austria Imperial College of Science London United Kingdom

NUADU (中立原子察觉者单位) 在 tC-2 上的仪器记录了在 thenear 地球血浆表盘旋在磁场线附近的控告的粒子(E>180 keV ) 的 4nsolid 角度图象(在 ~-7 R_E，赤道的 dawn-to-night 方面) 在地磁气的暴风雨(Dst=-219 nt ) 期间在 2005 年 8... 详细信息

NUADU (中立原子察觉者单位) 在 tC-2 上的仪器记录了在 thenear 地球血浆表盘旋在磁场线附近的控告的粒子(E>180 keV ) 的 4nsolid 角度图象(在 ~-7 R_E，赤道的 dawn-to-night 方面) 在地磁气的暴风雨(Dst=-219 nt ) 期间在 2005 年 8 月 24 日。对称的、似环的、稳固的角度分布在周围的磁场线附近描绘的精力充沛的离子横梁事件被 thetC-2 太空船在血浆表的 34-minutetraversal 期间观察。另外，观察被磁强计实验(FGM ) 在一样的太空船上在血浆表的这些多重十字路口期间监视。在每个十字路口期间，口哨声模式合唱团改进被 tC-2 低频率电磁波察觉者(LFEW/tC-2 ) 就在本地更低的混血儿的上面在频率在各向异性的区域观察波浪。离子的比较与这块地里的改进排列了的周围的磁场表演搭角度分发(垫) 地图精力充沛的离子流动被尾巴病房在血浆表拉长磁场线伴随。相反，垂直离子流动改进被在血浆表显示磁场线的相应收缩的签名伴随。因为平行离子流动和垂直离子流动改进间歇地发生了，数据被解释暗示磁场线的一个动态、摆动的过程(拉长并且缩小)在thenear地球血浆表，它可能行动了帮助在将支持在进行中的磁性的暴风雨期间被触发的连续 aurora-substorm 的这个区域建立一个相互作用区域。thewhistler 模式合唱团可能在血浆表压缩以后在粒子沥青角度散开期间由于离子旋转罗盘回声被生产了。

关键词：近地等离子体片螺旋角分布离子流氖中立原子探测装置大气科学

Generalizing plant–water relations to landscapes

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journal of Plant Ecology 2011年第1期4卷 101-113页

作者： R.H.Waring j.j.Landsberg College of Forestry Oregon State UniversityCorvallisOR 97331USA Withycombe Church LaneMt WilsonNSW 2786Australia

Aims Changing climate and land use patterns make it increasingly important that the hydrology of catchments and ecosystems can be reliably *** aim of this paper is to identify the biophysical factors that determine the rates of water vapor loss from different types of vegetation,and to seek,from an array of currently available satelliteborne sensors,those that might be used to initialize and drive landscape-level hydrologic *** Findings Spatial variation in the mean heights,crowd widths,and leaf area indices(LAI)of plant communities are important structural variables that affect the hydrology of *** stomatal conductance(G)imposes physiological limitation on transpiration by *** maximum value of G(Gmax)is closely linked to canopy photosynthetic capacity,which can be estimated via remote sensing of foliar chlorophyll or nitrogen *** be modeled as a nonlinear multipliable function of:(i)leaf–air vapor pressure deficit,(ii)water potential gradient between soil and leaves,(iii)photosynthetically active radiation absorbed by the canopy,(iv)plant nutrition,(v)temperature and(vi)the CO_(2) concentration of the *** surveys with Light Detection and Ranging(LiDAR)and interferometric RADAR,along with high-resolution spectral coverage in the visible,near-infrared,and thermal infrared bands,provide,along with meteorological data gathered from weather satellites,the kind of information required to model seasonal and interannual variation in transpiration and evaporation from landscapes with diverse and dynamic vegetation.

关键词： canopy stomatal conductance plant water relations process-based models remote sensing

ANALYSIS AND MEASUREMENt OF StOKES LAYER FLOWS IN AN OSCILLAtING NARROW CHANNEL

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journal of Hydrodynamics 2008年第6期20卷 770-775页

作者： PENG Xiao-xing HSU C. t. China Ship Scientific Research Center Wuxi 214082 China Department of Mechanical Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong China

the velocities of boundary layer flows between two parallel oscillating plates separated by small distance, i.e., in so called narrow channel, were theoretically and experimentally studied. the focus was on the laminar case where the Reynolds number ReA is much smaller than the transition value. the theoretical analysis of the Stokes layer in oscillating flow over a narrow channel was made first. then Laser Doppler Velocimeter （LDV） was employed to measure the Stokes boundary layer above an oscillating flat plate and inside the oscillating narrow channel at various ReH numbers. At the same time, the phase angle difference along the vertical direction in both analysis and experiment were provided. the good agreements are shown between the measured results and the theoretical solution.

关键词： oscillation flow Stokes layer Laser Doppler Velocimeter (LDV) narrow channel

Seladelpar治疗原发性胆汁性胆管炎患者的临床研究

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中国临床药理学杂志 2024年第8期40卷 1207-1207页

作者： HIRSCHFIELD G M BOWLUS C L MAYO M j 孟海峰

本研究是一项为期12个月随机、双盲、安慰剂对照的Ⅲ期临床试验,将对熊去氧胆酸反应不足或有不可接受药物不良反应史的原发性胆汁性胆管炎患者按照2:1的比例随机分为试验组(口服10mg·d^(-1)seladelpar)与安慰剂组(口服安慰剂)。主要治... 详细信息

本研究是一项为期12个月随机、双盲、安慰剂对照的Ⅲ期临床试验,将对熊去氧胆酸反应不足或有不可接受药物不良反应史的原发性胆汁性胆管炎患者按照2:1的比例随机分为试验组(口服10mg·d^(-1)seladelpar)与安慰剂组(口服安慰剂)。主要治疗终点是生化反应,其定义为12个月时碱性磷酸酶水平低于正常范围上限的1.67倍,比基线下降15%或更多,总胆红素水平正常。次要治疗终点是12个月时碱性磷酸酶水平的正常化,以及基线评分至少为4(表示中度至重度瘙痒)的患者从基线到6个月瘙痒数值评定量表评分的变化[范围为0(无瘙痒)到10(可想象的最严重瘙痒)]。

关键词：安慰剂对照 Ⅲ期临床试验原发性胆汁性胆管炎熊去氧胆酸碱性磷酸酶药物不良反应总胆红素水平治疗终点

Magnetohydrodynamics hemodynamics hybrid nanofluid flow through inclined stenotic artery

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2023年第3期44卷 459-476页

作者： B.K.SHARMA R.GANDHI t.ABBAS M.M.BHAttI Department of Mathematics Birla Institute of Technology and SciencePilani 333031India Department of Mathematics Division of Science and TechnologyUniversity of EducationLahore 54770Pakistan College of Mathematics and Systems Science Shandong University of Science and TechnologyQingdao 266590Shandong ProvinceChina

the present study aims to perform computational simulations of twodimensional(2D)hemodynamics of unsteady blood flow via an inclined overlapping stenosed artery employing the Casson fluid model to discuss the hemorheological properties in the arterial region.A uniform magnetic field is applied to the blood flow in the radial direction as the magneto-hemodynamics effect is *** entropy generation is discussed using the second law of *** influence of different shape parameters is explored,which are assumed to have varied shapes(spherical,brick,cylindrical,platelet,and blade).the Crank-Nicolson scheme solves the equations and boundary conditions governing the *** a given critical height of the stenosis,the key hemodynamic variables such as velocity,wall shear stress(WSS),temperature,flow rate,and heat transfer coefficient are computed.

关键词： overlapping stenosis hematocrit-dependent viscosity Au-Cu/blood hybrid nanofluid entropy generation shape effect

INFORMAtION SHARING AND StRAtEGIC SIGNALING IN SUPPLY CHAINS

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journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2009年第2期18卷 129-158页

作者： Robert j.KAUFFMAN Hamid MOHtADI W.P.Carey School of Business and School of Computing and InformaticsArizona State University TempeAZ85287 USA Department of Economics University of WisconsinMilwaukeeWI53201 and Credit Risk AssessmentUSBankMinneapolisMN55402USA

Information sharing in procurement occurs in rich and varied industry contexts in which managerial decisions are made and organizational strategy is formulated. We explore how information sharing ought to work in procurement contexts that involve investments in inter-organizational information systems （IOS） and collaborative planning, forecasting and replenishment （CPFR） practices. How and under what circumstances does a firm that plays the role of a supply chain buyer decide to share information on key variables, such as point-of-sale consumer demand data with its supplier, up the supply chain？ this is a key issue that crosses the boundary between supply chain management and information systems （IS） management. the answers that we provide are based on our use of a game-theoretic signaling model of buyer and supplier strategy in the presence of uncertainties about final consumer demand. We also explore the connection between operational costs that are associated with the firm＇s information sharing and information withholding strategies. Our results provide normative guidance to supply chain buyers about how to interpret different demand uncertainty scenarios to improve their decisions and generate high value. From the IS management perspective, we show the impacts on the firm of different information sharing approaches that are made possible by present day technologies.

关键词： Anticipated over-supply collaborative planning forecasting and replenishment (CPFR) demand forecasting economic analysis information sharing information systems (IS) signaling supply chain management

Managing advertising campaigns-an approximate planning approach

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Frontiers of Computer Science 2012年第2期6卷 209-229页

作者： SertanGIRGIN jérémieMARY PhilippePREUX OlivierNICOL team—projectSequeL INRIALilleNordEuropeVilleneuved’Ascq59650France LIFLUMRCNRS Universit6deLilleVilleneuved’Ascq59650France

We consider the problem of displaying commer- cial advertisements on web pages, in the ＂cost per click＂ model. the advertisement server has to learn the appeal of each type of visitor for the different advertisements in order to maximize the profit. Advertisements have constraints such as a certain number of clicks to draw, as well as a lifetime. this problem is thus inherently dynamic, and intimately com- bines combinatorial and statistical issues. to set the stage, it is also noteworthy that we deal with very rare events of in- terest, since the base probability of one click is in the or- der of 10-4. Different approaches may be thought of, rang- ing from computationally demanding ones （use of Markov decision processes, or stochastic programming） to very fast ones. We introduce NOSEED, an adaptive policy learning al- gorithm based on a combination of linear programming and multi-arm bandits. We also propose a way to evaluate the extent to which we have to handle the constraints （which is directly related to the computation cost）. We investigate the performance of our system through simulations on a realistic model designed with an important commercial web actor.

关键词： advertisement selection web sites optimiza-tion non-stationary setting linear programming multi-armbandit click-through rate (CtR) estimation exploration-exploitation trade-off