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Microbial roles equivalent to geological agents of high temperature and pressure in deep Earth

science China Earth sciences 2016年第11期59卷 2098-2104页

作者： XIE shuCheng LIU Deng QIU Xuan HUANG XianYu Thomas j.ALGEO state Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology China University of Geosciences Laboratory of Critical Zone Evolution School of Earth Sciences China University of Geosciences state Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources China University of Geosciences Department of Geology University of Cincinnati

Microbes not only show sensitive responses to environmental changes but also play important roles in geochemical and geophysical systems. It is well known that microbes have caused major changes in surface environments and biogeochemical cycles through Earth history. Microbial processes can also induce the synthesis of certain minerals under Earth-surface conditions that previously were believed to form only under high temperatures and pressures in the deep Earth. For example, microbes can promote the conversion of smectite to illite, synthesis of authigenic plagioclase, precipitation of dolomite, and biotransformation of geolipids. These effects of microbes are due to their large surface/volume ratios, enzyme production, and abundant functional groups. Microbial catalyzation of chemical reactions proceeds through reaction-specific enzymes, a decrease in Gibbs' s free energy, and/or break through the dynamics reaction thresholds via their metabolisms and physiology. Microbes can lower the surface free energy of mineral nuclei via biophysical adsorption due to their large surface/volume ratios and abundant functional groups. The mineral precipitation and transformation processes induced by microbes are functionally equivalent to geological processes operating at high temperatures and pressures in the deep Earth, suggesting that microbial processes can serve as analogs to deep abiotic processes that are difficult to observe.

关键词： Geobiology Microbial functional groups Illitization Plagioclase Dolomite Geolipids

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Presence of Multidrug-Resistant E. coli, Enterococcusspp. and salmonellaspp. in Lakes and Fountains of Porto, Portugal

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journal of Water Resource and Protection 2013年第11期5卷 1117-1126页

作者： Carlos E. Flores Luís Loureiro Lucinda j. Bessa Paulo Martins da Costa 1ICBAs-Abel salazar Biomedical sciences Institute University of Porto Porto Portugal 2CIIMAR-Interdisciplinary Center for Marine and Environmental Research University of Porto Porto Portugal 1ICBAs-Abel salazar Biomedical sciences Institute University of Porto Porto Portugal 2Faculty of Sciences (FCUP) University of Porto Porto Portugal CIIMAR-Interdisciplinary Center for Marine and Environmental Research University of Porto Porto Portugal Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine New Orleans USA

Urban lakes and fountains provide recreational activities that could facilitate the contact between humans, animals and biological agents. The objective of this work was to assess the water quality and safety of 17 lakes and 13 fountains in the city of Porto (Portugal), by detecting the presence of Escherichia coli, enterococci and salmonella spp., and analyzing their antimicrobial resistance. (For more information,please refer to the pdf.)

关键词： Antimicrobial Resistance Enterococcus spp. Escherichia coli salmonella spp. Fountains Lakes

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疝修补术：寻找理想的网片

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中国实用外科杂志 2010年第12期30卷 1063-1068页

作者： Bringman s Conze j Cuccumllo D Deprest j junge K Klosterhalfen B Parra-Davila E Ramshaw B schumpelick V Department of surgery Clintec Karolinska Institutet Sfidertaeilje Hospital 152 86 Soederaeilje Sweden Chirurgische Universitatskliniku Poliklinik der RWTH Aachen Pauwelsstrasse 3052074 AachenGermany Department of General and Laparoscopic surgery Monaldi Hospital Via Cilea 136 80127 Naples haly Pelvic Floor Unit University Hospital Gasthuisberg Katholieke Universiteit Leuven 3000 Leuven Belgium Department of surgery RWTH Aachen University Hospital Aachen PauwelsstraBe 30 52074 Aachen Germany Institut fur Pathologie Krankenhaus Duren gem. GmbH Roonstrasse 30 52351 Duren Germany surgical Associates of Palm Beach County 800 Meadows Road Boca Raton FL 33486 USA Division of General surgery University of Missouri MC4144 Mcltaney Hall Columbia MO 655212 USA Department of surgery Medical Faculty Rheinish-Westphalian Technical University 52074 Aachen Germany

要做到有效的网片修补是困难的。在过去的50年中,疝修补技术有了长足的进步,但仍然需要一些新的观念和方法来巩固疝修补术已经取得的成绩。在欧洲疝学会第30次国际大会上,疝修补术及网片试验评估领域的9名专家共同参加了一次圆桌会议,... 详细信息

要做到有效的网片修补是困难的。在过去的50年中,疝修补技术有了长足的进步,但仍然需要一些新的观念和方法来巩固疝修补术已经取得的成绩。在欧洲疝学会第30次国际大会上,疝修补术及网片试验评估领域的9名专家共同参加了一次圆桌会议,讨论当今疝修补术中亟待解决的问题;内容包括"理想"网片的定义及"理想"的网片材料。讨论的其他内容还包括轻量型网片的特点,网片替代物,外科医生在疝修补术中的作用,当今疝修补术中亟待解决的问题,以及最佳的动物试验模型。尽管人们对于理想网片的构成还没有定论,但对其重要的特点却有了更深的理解。希望这些建议可以促进疝治疗的发展,并催生出最为有效的疝修补网片材料。

关键词：外科网片假体设计并发症外科手术步骤动物模型

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Optimal Placement of Phasor Measurement Unit in smart Grids Considering Multiple Constraints

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journal of Modern Power systems and Clean Energy 2023年第2期11卷 479-488页

作者： Tengpeng Chen He Ren Yuhao sun Markus Kraft Gehan A.j.Amaratunga Department of Instrumental and Electrical Engineering Xiamen UniversityXiamenChina shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University ShenzhenChina CTC Intelligence(shenzhen)Technology Co. Ltd.ShenzhenChina Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology University of CambridgeCambridgeUK Cambridge Centre for Advanced Research and Education in singapore CREATE TowerSingapore school of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore Department of Engineering University of CambridgeUK

The distribution of measurement noise is usually assumed to be Gaussian in the optimal phasor measurement unit(PMU)placement(OPP)***,this is not always accurate in *** paper proposes a new OPP method for smart grids in which the effects of conventional measurements,limited channels of PMUs,zero-injection buses(ZIBs),single PMU loss contingency,state estimation error(sEE),and the maximum sEE variance(MsEEV)are *** sEE and MsEEV are both obtained using a robust t-distribution maximum likelihood estimator(MLE)because t-distribution is more flexible for modeling both Gaussian and non-Gaussian *** A-and G-optimal experimental criteria are utilized to form the sEE and MsEEV *** allows the optimization problem to be converted into a linear objective function subject to linear matrix inequality observability *** performance of the proposed OPP method is verified by the simulations of the IEEE 14-bus,30-bus,and 118-bus systems as well as the 211-bus practical distribution system in China.

关键词： Phasor measurement unit(PMU) smart grids optimal placement state estimation(sE).

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Existence of Nondecreasing and Continuous solutions of an Integral Equation with Linear Modification of the Argument

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Acta Mathematica sinica,English series 2007年第9期23卷 1719-1728页

作者： j.CABALLERO B.LóPEZ K.sADARANGANI Departamento de Matemáticas Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran CanariaCampus de Tafira Baja35017 Las Palmas de Gran CanariaSpain

We use a technique associated with measures of noncompactness to prove the existence of nondecreasing solutions to an integral equation with linear modification of the argument in the space C[0, 1]. In the last thirty years there has been a great deal of work in the field of differential equations with a modified argument. A special class is represented by the differential equation with affine modification of the argument which can be delay differential equations or differential equations with linear modifications of the argument. In this case we study the following integral equation x（t） = a（t）＋（Tx）（t） ∫0^σ（t） u（t, s, x（s）, x（λs））ds 0 〈 λ 〈 1 which can be considered in connection with the following Cauchy problem x＇（t） = u（t, s, x（t）, x（λt））, t ∈ [0, 1], 0 〈 λ 〈 1 x（0） = u0.

关键词： measure of noncompactness fixed point theorem nondecreasing solutions

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Approximate Bound state solutions of DKP Equation for Any j state in the Presence of Woods-saxon Potential

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2012年第1期57卷 15-18页

作者： R.Oudi s.Hassanabadi A.A.Rajabi H.Hasanabadi Physics Department Shahrood University of TechnologyShahroodIran

We study Duffin-Kemmer-Petiau(DKP) equation in the presence of the Woods-saxon potential and obtain eigenvalues and corresponding eigenfunctions for any j state by using of the Nikiforov-Uvarov(NU) *** Pekeris approxi... 详细信息

关键词： DKP equation Woods-saxson potential Pekeris approximation NU method

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Fluorite Phase Transformations under Vacuum

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journal of Crystallization Process and Technology 2014年第3期4卷 156-167页

作者： j. Mouhovski O. Vitov V. Dimov B. Kostova s. Gechev Institute of Mineralogy and Crystallography “Acad. Ivan Kostov” Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Sofia Bulgaria

Complex crystal aggregates from fluorspar vapor phase were grown at specific low-pressure/high-temperature conditions. The quasi-equilibrium of initiated crystal-chemical reactions at the proceeding vapour-crystal phase transformation was strongly dependent on the mass-transport inside an originally designed multicameral crucible, loaded by several portions of natural fluorite. By changing the temperature pressure over the already molten fluorspar portions as well as the gas-permeability of the channels connecting different sections in crucible interior to vacuum ambient, one may control the rate of gaseous-vapour diffusion and the degree of supper-saturation inside the peripheral crucible compartment wherein nucleation and crystal growing occurred. In this way, grown aggregates revealed a complicated habit formed during three-stage growing process provided by relevant thermodynamic and phase. Residual stresses were not observed in the aggregates whereas those in simultaneously grown boules from the non-vaporized melts in crucible cameras were clearly distinguished. The optical transmittance spectra of the boules were obtained considerably better, especially in the UV, comparing to those for crystal aggregates, both showing several peaks of specific light-absorption due to enhanced presence of rare-earth (RE) impurities. The aggregates manifest nearly full reflectivity from Vis to near IR region. The vapor phase growth mechanisms, when natural fluorite with some RE contents has been used, were explained on thermodynamic grounds that shown the manner of reliable control on the phenomenon. The results were anticipated to help for developing new perspective techniques for growth from vapor of several fluoride compounds with complex structure and composition and wide application. It was speculated that similar growth mechanisms of CaF2?crystals were possible on the moon in its very early period of formation.

关键词： Vapour Phase Fluorspar Purification Crystal Growth Optical Medium

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Modelling of meander migration in an incised channel

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International journal of sediment Research 2014年第4期29卷 441-453页

作者： jianchun HUANG Blair P.GREIMANN Timothy j.RANDLE Hydraulic Engineers Sedimentation and River Hydraulics GroupTechnical Service CenterBureau of Reclamation

An updated linear computer model for meandering rivers with incision has been *** model simulates the bed topography,flow field,and bank erosion rate in an incised meandering *** a scenario where the upstream sediment load decreases(e.g.,after dam closure or soil conservation),alluvial river experiences cross section deepening and slope *** channel migration rate might be affected in two ways:decreased channel slope and steeped bank *** proposed numerical model combines the traditional one-dimensional(1D) sediment transport model in simulating the channel erosion and the linear model for channel meandering.A non-equilibrium sediment transport model is used to update the channel bed elevation and gradations.A linear meandering model was used to calculate the channel alignment and bank erosion/accretion,which in turn was used by the 1D sediment transport *** the 1D sediment transport model,the channel bed elevation and gradations are representedin each channel cross *** the meandering model,the bed elevation and gradations are stored in two dimensional(2D) cells to represent the channel and terrain properties(elevation and gradation).A new method is proposed to exchange information regarding bed elevations and bed material fractions between 1D river geometry and 2D channel and *** ability of the model is demonstrated using the simulation of the laboratory channel migration of Friedkin in which channel incision occurs at the upstream end.

关键词： Numerical model River channel migration Meandering river Linearization analysis sediment transport

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The importance of depression and alcohol use in coronary artery bypass graft surgery patients：risk factors for delirium and poorer quality of life

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journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2016年第1期13卷 51-57页

作者： joanne M Humphreys Linley A Denson Robert A Baker Phillip j Tully school of Psychology Faculty of Health Sciences University of Adelaide Australia Cardiac surgery Research Department of Surgery School of Medicine Flinders University of South Australia Australia University of Bordeaux Department of Neuroepidemiology Bordeaux France INsERM Department of Neuroepidemiology Bordeaux France Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health Discipline of Medicine School of Medicine University of Adelaide Australia

ObjectiveToinvestigate whether depression, anxiety and stress increase the risk for delirium and poor quality of life （QOL） after co-ronary artery bypass （CABG） *** total of 180 CABG patients （mean age of 63.5 ± 10.1 years, 82.2% males） completed baseline and postoperative self-report questionnaires to assess distress and QOL. Incident delirium was diagnosed postoperatively with a structured clinical interview and patients were monitored every day post-operatively for confusion and disturbance in *** Delirium developed in 63 persons （35% of sample）. After adjustment for covariates, delirium was significantly associated with depression [odds ratio （OR）： 1.08; 95% confidence interval （CI）： 1.03-1.13,P = 0.003], anxiety （OR： 1.07; 95% CI： 1.02-1.13,P= 0.01） and stress （OR： 1.05; 95% CI： 1.00-1.09,P= 0.03）. Preoperative depression scores were associated with poorer QOL including bodily pain （β =-0.39,P = 0.013）, vitality （β=-0.32,P = 0.020）, social functioning （β=-0.51,P≤0.001）, emotional role function （β=-0.44,P = 0.003） and general health （β=-0.33,P = 0.038）. Among the covariates, harmful levels of alcohol use was consistently associated with poorer *** Depression and harmful levels of alcohol use were consistently associated with poorer QOL whereas depression, anxiety and stress were associated with delirium risk. These findings point to further research examining depression and harmful levels of alcohol use in coronary heart disease populations undergoing coronary revascularization.

关键词： Coronary artery bypass grafts Coronary heart disease Delirium Depression Quality of life

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Differing Roles for Clostridium acetobutylicum’s Galactose Utilization Pathways

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Advances in Microbiology 2013年第6期3卷 490-497页

作者： C. j. sund M. D. servinsky E. s. Gerlach Us Army Research Laboratory Biotechnology Branch Adelphi USA

There has been a surge of interest in acetone-butanol-ethanol fermentations of Clostridium acetobutylicum due to its capacity to ferment many carbohydrates found in biomass. This metabolic diversity makes it a promising candidate for conversion of inexpensive, heterogeneous carbohydrate feedstocks to biofuels. Galactose is present in many such feedstocks due to its incorporation in plant cell walls. C. acetobutylicum encodes two galactose utilization pathways, the Leloir (LP) and the tagatose-6-P (T6P), and a previous study indicated genes for these pathways was differentially regulated during growth on galactose and lactose. In the current study we utilized quantitative PCR to further investigate gene expression levels and to show both pathways which were subject to carbon catabolite repression. During growth on galactose, mRNA for galactose-6-P isomerase from the T6P was induced to a greater extent than mRNA for glactokinase, the first enzyme in the LP. The galactose-6-P isomerase mRNAs were also more abundant than galactokinase mRNAs during growth on galactose. Analysis of theoretical ATP requirements to generate essential precursor metabolites indicated: 1) the LP is more efficient at generating upper glycolytic intermediates, 2) the T6P is more efficient at forming ATP, lower glycolytic intermediates and TCA cycle intermediates, 3) a combination of the two pathways is most efficient for forming precursor metabolites found in the pentose phosphate pathway. From this it can be suggested that the two pathways have different roles in the organism with the T6P generating most ATP and precursor metabolites and the LP providing upper glycolytic metabolites.

关键词： Clostridium acetobutylicum Galactose Lactose Tagatose Leloir Pathway Fermentation

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