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Multinuclear Mr and MrI study of lithium-ion cells using a variable field magnet and a fixed frequency rF probe

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Magnetic resonance Letters 2024年第1期4卷 10-20页

作者： Andrés ramírez Aguilera Florin Marica Kevin j.Sanders Md Al raihan C.adam Dyker Gillian r.Goward Bruce *** UNB MrI Centre Department of PhysicsUniversity of New BrunswickFrederictonNew BrunswickE3B 5A3Canada Department of Chemistry McMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioL8S 4L8Canada Department of Chemistry University of New BrunswickFrederictonNew BrunswickE3B 5A3Canada

An exploratory multinuclear magnetic resonance(Mr)and magnetic resonance imaging(MrI)study was performed on lithium-ion battery cells with ^(7)Li,^(19)F,and ^(1)H measurements.A variable field superconducting magnet with a fixed frequency parallel-plate radiofrequency(rF)probe was employed in the *** magnetic field was changed to set the resonance frequency of each nucleus to the fixed rF probe frequency of 33.7 *** cartridge-like lithium-ion cells,with graphite anodes and LiNi_(0.5)Mn_(0.3)Co_(0.2)O_(2)(NMC)cathodes,were *** cell was pristine,and one was charged to a cell voltage of 4.2 *** results presented demonstrate the great potential of the variable field magnet approach in multinuclear measurement of lithium-ion *** methods open the door for developing faster and simpler methods for detecting,quantifying,and interpreting Mr and MrI data from lithium-ion and other batteries.

关键词： Multinuclear Mr/MrI Variable field magnet Lithium-ion battery Parallel-plate rf probe

Examining the“revisability”benefit of hip resurfacing arthroplasty

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World journal of Orthopedics 2024年第6期15卷 554-559页

作者： jose George adam j Taylor Thomas P Schmalzried Department of Orthopedics Harbor UCLA Medical CenterTorranceCA 90509United States

BACKGrOUND Hip resurfacing arthroplasty(HrA)is an alternative to total hip arthroplasty(THA)that is typically reserved for young active patients because it preserves ***,the benefits of HrA only hold true if conversion THA after failed HrA provides acceptable *** To compare patient reported outcomes for conversion THA after HrA failure to primary *** A retrospective review of 36 patients(37 hips)that underwent conversion THA for failed HrA between October 2006 and May 2019 by a single surgeon was *** reported outcomes[modified Harris Hip Score(mHHS),University of California Los Angeles(UCLA)activity score]were obtained via an email-based responder-anonymous *** were compared to normative data of a primary THA cohort with similar *** analysis was performed comparing outcomes of conversion THA for adverse local tissue reaction(ALTr)vs all other causes for *** The study group had a lower mHHS than the control group(81.7±13.8 vs 90.2±11.6,Pr,both groups had similar UCLA activity levels(7.5±2.3 vs 7.2±1.6,P=0.51).Patients that underwent conversion for non-ATLr causes had similar mHHS(85.2±11.5 vs 90.2±11.6,P=0.11)and higher UCLA activity levels(8.5±1.8 vs 7.2±1.6,Pred to the control *** that underwent conversion for ATLr had worse mHHS(77.1±14.5 vs 90.2±11.6,Pred to the control *** Patient outcomes equivalent to primary THA can be achieved following HrA conversion to ***,inferior outcomes were demonstrated for ALTr-related HrA *** selection and perhaps further studies examining alternative HrA bearing surfaces should be considered.

关键词： Total hip arthroplasty Hip resurfacing arthroplasty Conversion total hip arthroplasty Adverse local tissue reaction Patient reported outcome measures

Determining minimum sample size for the conditioned Latin hypercube sampling algorithm

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Pedosphere 2024年第3期34卷 530-539页

作者： Daniel D.SAUrETTE Asim BISWAS richard j.HECK adam W.GILLESPIE Aaron A.BErG School of Environmental Sciences University of Guelph50 Stone Rd EastGuelph ON N1G 2W1(Canada) Ontario Ministry of Agriculture Food and Rural Affairs1 Stone Rd WestGuelph ON N1G 2Y4(Canada) Geography Environment&GeomaticsUniversity of Guelph50 Stone Rd EastGuelph ON N1G 2W1(Canada)

In digital soil mapping(DSM),a fundamental assumption is that the spatial variability of the target variable can be explained by the predictors or environmental *** to adequately sample the predictors have been well documented,with the conditioned Latin hypercube sampling(cLHS)algorithm receiving the most attention in the DSM *** advances in sampling design,a critical gap remains in determining the number of samples required for DSM *** propose a simple workflow and function coded in r language to determine the minimum sample size for the cLHS algorithm based on histograms of the predictor variables using the Freedman-Diaconis rule for determining optimal bin *** preprocessing was included to correct for multimodal and non-normally distributed data,as these can affect sample size determination from the *** on a user-selected quantile range(Qr)for the sample plan,the densities of the histogram bins at the upper and lower bounds of the Qr were used as a scaling factor to determine minimum sample *** technique was applied to a field-scale set of environmental covariates for a well-sampled agricultural study site near Guelph,Ontario,Canada,and tested across a range of *** results showed increasing minimum sample size with an increase in the Qr *** sample size increased from 44 to 83 when the Qr increased from 50% to 95% and then increased exponentially to 194 for the 99%*** technique provides an estimate of minimum sample size that can be used as an input to the cLHS algorithm.

关键词： bin width digital soil mapping normal distribution quantile range sampling design

Machine learning-guided accelerated discovery of structure-property correlations in lean magnesium alloys for biomedical applications

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journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第6期12卷 2267-2283页

作者： Sreenivas raguraman Maitreyee Sharma Priyadarshini Tram Nguyen ryan McGovern Andrew Kim adam j.Griebel Paulette Clancy Timothy P.Weihs Department of Materials Science and Engineering Johns Hopkins University3400 N Charles StBaltimore21218MDU.S.A Hopkins Extreme Materials Institute Johns Hopkins University3400 N Charles StBaltimore21218MDU.S.A Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Johns Hopkins University3400 N Charles StBaltimore21218MDU.S.A Translational Tissue Engineering Center Johns Hopkins School of Medicine400 N BroadwayBaltimore21231MDU.S.A Department of Biomedical Engineering Johns Hopkins University3400 N Charles StBaltimore21218MDU.S.A research and Development Fort Wayne Metals Research ProductsLLC9609 Ardmore AveFort Wayne46809INU.S.A Department of Mechanical Engineering Johns Hopkins University3400 N Charles StBaltimore21218MDU.S.A

Magnesium alloys are emerging as promising alternatives to traditional orthopedic implant materials thanks to their biodegradability,biocompatibility,and impressive mechanical ***,their rapid in-vivo degradation presents challenges,notably in upholding mechanical integrity over *** study investigates the impact of high-temperature thermal processing on the mechanical and degradation attributes of a lean Mg-Zn-Ca-Mn alloy,*** rapid,cost-efficient characterization methods like X-ray diffraction and optical microscopy,we swiftly examine microstructural changes post-thermal *** Pearson correlation coefficient analysis,we unveil the relationship between microstructural properties and critical targets(properties):hardness and corrosion ***,leveraging the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator(LASSO),we pinpoint the dominant microstructural factors among closely correlated *** findings underscore the significant role of grain size refinement in strengthening and the predominance of the ternary Ca_(2)Mg_(6)Zn_(3)phase in corrosion *** suggests that achieving an optimal blend of strength and corrosion resistance is attainable through fine grains and reduced concentration of ternary *** thorough investigation furnishes valuable insights into the intricate interplay of processing,structure,and properties in magnesium alloys,thereby advancing the development of superior biodegradable implant materials.

关键词： Magnesium alloys Machine learning Corrosion Mechanical properties rapid characterization

Exploring the effects of anthropogenic disturbance on predator inspection activity in Trinidadian guppies

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Current Zoology 2024年第1期70卷 109-111页

作者： Alix j.P Brusseau Laurence E.A.Feyten adam L.Crane Grant E.Brown Department of Biology Concordia UniversityMontrealQCH4B 1R6Canada Department of Biomedical Sciences WCVMUniversity of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSKCanada

Prey animals are often faced with uncertainty due to having imperfect information regarding current local conditions,including predation risks and the availability of reliable foraging opportunities(Dall 2010).As this uncertainty increases,the probability of making costly behavioral errors also increases,leading to more risk averse behavioral tactics(Feyten et al.2019).For example,Trinidadian guppies Poecilia reticulata are far more risk averse when faced with multiple unknown sources of risk assessment information than when faced with a mix of known and unknown cues(Feyten et al.2019).Prey can reduce uncertainty by gathering and integrating private and social information regarding current risk levels within microhabitats(Dall 2010;Munoz and Blumstein 2012).

关键词： human disturbance information availability information reliability predator-prey interactions risk assessment uncertainty

Degradation and resynthesis of chlorophyll during increased oxidative stress and prolonged darkness differ between annual and perennial flax(Linum L.)

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Oil Crop Science 2024年第2期9卷 121-130页

作者： Kenyon j. Nisbett Abida Alokozai Su Hyun Elizabeth Ko G. adam Mott jason C.L. Browna Department of Biological Sciences University of Toronto ScarboroughTorontoONCanada Department of Cell&Systems Biology University of TorontoTorontoONCanada Centre for the Analysis of Genome Evolution&Function University of TorontoTorontoONCanada

Among plants,there is considerable variation in lifespan:annuals live less than one year,whereas perennials live for several years,with the longest-living perennial having survived 43,600 *** proposed by the Disposable Soma Theory,this lifespan variation among plants likely reflects differential investment of limited energy and nutrient resources,with perennials investing more energy and nutrients into biomolecular maintenance compared to annuals in order to ensure persistence over multiple *** differential investment may be particularly important during periods of exogenous stress,which are known to accelerate biomolecular *** present study evaluated this hypothesis using annual and perennial flax(Linum L.)subjected to two exogenous stressors—increased oxidative stress(i.e.,foliar H2O2spraying)and complete prolonged *** chlorophyll has been shown to exhibit degradation in response to changes in environmental conditions,we utilized changes in chlorophyll levels during and after periods of exogenous stress to evaluate our *** predicted that i)perennials would exhibit a slower rate of chlorophyll degradation during exposure to exogenous stressors compared to annuals,and ii)perennials would exhibit a faster rate of chlorophyll resynthesis following such exposure compared to *** levels before,during,and after exposure to both exogenous stressors were measured in two separate trails,once using image colour analysis and once using *** chlorophyll degradation rates in response to oxidative stress did not differ between annuals and perennials,contrary to our predictions,chlorophyll resynthesis rates following such exposure were significantly higher in perennials,as *** plants were subjected to complete prolonged darkness,chlorophyll degradation rates were significantly lower in perennials than annuals,as predicted;however,when plants were subsequently reintroduced to natural photoperiod,ch

关键词： Ageing Life history Maximum lifespan Oxidative stress Somatic maintenance

Dietary fibre effects and the interplay with exogenous carbohydrases in poultry nutrition

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 231-240页

作者： Michael r.Bedford Birger Svihus Aaron j.Cowieson AB Vista Feed Ingredients Ltd Norwegian University of Life Sciences DSM Nutritional Products

A comprehensive understanding of the role of dietary fibre in non-ruminant animal production is elusive. Equivocal and conflated definitions of fibre coupled with significant analytical complexity,interact with poorly defined host and microbiome relationships. Dietary fibre is known to influence gut development, feed intake and passage rate, nutrient absorption, microbiome taxonomy and function, gut p H, endogenous nutrient loss, environmental sustainability, animal welfare and more. Whilst significant gaps persist in our understanding of fibre in non-ruminant animal production, there is substantial interest in optimizing the fibre fraction of feed to induce high value phenotypes such as improved welfare,live performance and to reduce the environmental footprint of animal production systems. In order to achieve these aspirational goals, it is important to tackle dietary fibre with the same level of scrutiny as is currently done for other critical nutrient classes such as protein, minerals and vitamins. The chemical,mechanical and nutritional role of fibre must be explored at the level of monomeric sugars, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides of varying molecular weight and decoration, and this must be in parallel to standardisation of analytical tools and definitions for speciation. To further complicate subject, exogenous carbohydrases recognise dietary fibre as a focal substrate and have varying capacity to generate lower molecular weight carbohydrates that interact differentially with the host and the enteric microbiome. This short review article will explore the interactive space between dietary fibre and exogenous carbohydrases and will include their nutritional and health effects with emphasis on functional development of the gut, microbiome modulation and host metabolism.

关键词： Fibre Carbohydrase Nutrition Microbiome Gastro-intestinal development Feed

Stable diffusion gradients in microfluidic conduits bounded by fluid walls

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2024年第3期10卷 357-367页

作者： Federico Nebuloni Cyril Deroy Peter r.Cook Edmond j.Walsh Department of Engineering Science Osney Thermo-Fluids InstituteUniversity of OxfordOxford OX20ESUK Sir William Dunn School of Pathology University of OxfordOxford OX13REUK

Assays mimicking in vitro the concentration gradients triggering biological responses like those involved in fighting infections and blood clotting are essential for biomedical *** assays prove especially attractive as they allow precise control of gradient shape allied to a reduction in *** microfluidic devices are fabricated using solid plastics that prevent direct access to responding ***-walled microfluidics allows the manufacture of circuits on standard Petri dishes in seconds,coupled to simple operating methods;cell-culture medium sitting in a standard dish is confined to circuits by fluid walls made of an immiscible *** develop and experimentally validate an analytical model of diffusion between two or more aqueous streams flowing at different rates into a fluid-walled conduit with the cross-section of a circular *** solid walls,fluid walls morph during flows as pressures fall,with wall shape changing down the *** model is validated experimentally for Fourier numbersrescein diffusing between laminar *** enables a priori prediction of concentration gradients throughout a conduit,so allowing rapid circuit design as well as providing bioscientists with an accurate way of predicting local concentrations of bioactive molecules around responsive and nonresponsive cells.

关键词： walls diffusion attractive

Single-atom Pt on carbon nanotubes for selective electrocatalysis

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Carbon Energy 2024年第1期6卷 63-71页

作者： Samuel S.Hardisty Xiaoqian Lin Anthony r.j.Kucernak David Zitoun Department of Chemistry Bar Ilan Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials(BINA)Bar Ilan UniversityRamat GanIsrael Department of Chemistry Molecular Science Research HubImperial College LondonLondonUK

Utilizing supported single atoms as catalysts presents an opportunity to reduce the usage of critical raw materials such as platinum,which are essential for electrochemical reactions such as hydrogen oxidation reaction(HOr).Herein,we describe the synthesis of a Pt single electrocatalyst inside single-walled carbon nanotubes(SWCNTs)via a redox *** via electron microscopy,X-ray photoelectron microscopy,and X-ray absorption spectroscopy show the single-atom nature of the *** electrochemical behavior of the sample to hydrogen and oxygen was investigated using the advanced floating electrode technique,which minimizes mass transport limitations and gives a thorough insight into the activity of the *** single-atom samples showed higher HOr activity than state-of-the-art 30%Pt/C while almost no oxygen reduction reaction activity in the proton exchange membrane fuel cell operating *** selective activity toward HOr arose as the main fingerprint of the catalyst confinement in the SWCNTs.

关键词： confinement electrocatalysis hydrogen platinum single atom catalysts