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Unraveling the surface chemistry processes in lithiated and boronized plasma material interfaces under extreme conditions

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2018年第4期3卷 165-187页

作者： p.S.Krstic j.p.allain F.j.Dominguez-Gutierrez F.Bedoya Institute for Advanced Computational Science Stony Brook UniversityStony BrookNY 11794-5250USA Department of Nuclear Plasma and Radiological EngineeringUniversity of IllinoisUrbanaIL 61801USA plasma Science and Fusion Center Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA02139USA

The review of recent theoretical and experimental research on the complex surface chemistry processes that evolve from low-Z materialconditioning on plasma-facing materials under extreme fusion plasma conditions is presented. A combination of multi-scale computationalphysics and chemistry modeling with real-time diagnosis of the plasma-material interface in tokamak fusion plasma edge is complemented byex-vessel in-situ single-effect experimental facilities to unravel the evolving characteristics of low-Z components under irradiation. Effects of thelithium and boron coatings at carbon surfaces to the retention of deuterium and chemical sputtering of the plasma-facing surfaces are discussedin detail. The critical role of oxygen in the surface chemistry during hydrogen-fuel irradiation is found to drive the kinetics and dynamics ofthese surfaces as they interact with fusion edge plasma that ultimately could have profound effects on fusion plasma confinement *** studies also extend in spatio-temporal scales not accessible by empirical means and therefore open the opportunity for a strategicapproach at irradiation surface science studies that combined these powerful computational tools with in-vessel and ex-vessel in-situ diagnostics.

关键词： plasma-material interface Retention Sputtering Lithium Boron Quantum-classical molecular dynamics X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy Material-analysis particle probe

Effects of a liquid lithium curtain as the first wall in a fusion reactor plasma

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Chinese physics B 2007年第11期16卷 3312-3318页

作者：李承跃邓柏权 j.p.allain School of physical Electronics University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu610054China Argonne National Laboratory 9700 South Cass AvenueArgonneIL 60439USA Southwestern Institute of physics Chengdu 610041China

This paper explores the effect of a liquid lithium curtain on fusion reactor plasma, such curtain is utilized as the first wall for the engineering outline design of the Fusion Experimental Breeder （FEB-E）. The relationships between the surface temperature of a liquid lithium curtain and the effective plasma charge, fuel dilution and fusion power production have been derived. Results indicate that under normal operation, the evaporation of liquid lithium does not seriously affect the effective plasma charge, but effects on fuel dilution and fusion power are more sensitive. As an example, it has investigated the relationships between the liquid lithium curtain flow velocity and the rise of surface temperature based on operation scenario II of the FEB-E design with reversed shear configuration and high power density. Results show that even if the liquid lithium curtain flow velocity is as low as 0.5 m/s, the effects of evaporation from the liquid lithium curtain on plasma are negligible. In the present design, the sputtering of liquid lithium curtain and the particle removal effects of the divertor are not yet considered in detail. Further studies are in progress, and in this work implication of lithium erosion and divertor physics on fusion reactor operation are discussed.

关键词： liquid lithium curtain first wall fuel dilution effective plasma charge,plasma-wall interaction

Concurrent multi-peak Bragg coherent x-ray diffraction imaging of 3D nanocrystal lattice displacement via global optimization

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npj Computational Materials 2023年第1期9卷 1579-1590页

作者： Siddharth Maddali Travis D.Frazer Nazar Delegan Katherine j.Harmon Sean E.Sullivan Marc allain Wonsuk Cha Alan Dibos Ishwor poudyal Saugat Kandel Youssef S.G.Nashed F.joseph Heremans Hoydoo You Yue Cao Stephan O.Hruszkewycz Materials Science Division Argonne National LaboratoryLemontIL 60439USA Center for Molecular Engineering Argonne National LaboratoryLemontIL 60439USA Aix-Marseille Univ CNRSCentrale MarseilleInstitut FresnelMarseilleFrance X-ray Science Division Argonne National LaboratoryLemontIL 60439USA Center for Nanoscale Materials Argonne National LaboratoryLemontIL 60439USA Mathematics&Computer Science Division Argonne National LaboratoryLemontIL 60439USA pritzker School of Molecular Engineering University of Chicago5640 South Ellis AvenueChicagoIL 60637USA SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Menlo ParkCAUSA

In this paper we demonstrated a method to reconstruct vector-valued lattice distortion fields within nanoscale crystals by optimization of a forward model of multi-reflection Bragg coherent diffraction imaging(MR-BCDI)*** method flexibly accounts for geometric factors that arise when making BCDI measurements,is amenable to efficient inversion with modern optimization toolkits,and allows for globally constraining a single image reconstruction to multiple Bragg peak *** is enabled by a forward model that emulates the multiple Bragg peaks of a MR-BCDI experiment from a single estimate of the 3D crystal *** present this forward model,we implement it within the stochastic gradient descent optimization framework,and we demonstrate it with simulated and experimental data of nanocrystals with inhomogeneous internal lattice *** find that utilizing a global optimization approach to MR-BCDI affords a reliable path to convergence of data which is otherwise challenging to reconstruct.

关键词： optimization coherent lattice

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献血员新病毒标志筛检

国外医学（预防．诊断．治疗用生物制品分册） 1997年第5期20卷 215-216页

作者： allain j-p 季敏

本文就人群感染率、致病性和输血传播性等方面,对庚型肝炎病毒(HGV)和8型人疱疹病毒(HHV-8)作为献血员筛检的新病毒标志进行了评述.

关键词：献血员筛检血源传播庚型肝炎病毒 HHV-8

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输血机构基因技术筛选带病毒血液

国外医学（输血及血液学分册） 2000年第3期23卷 217-219页

作者： H.H.Lee j.p.allain 宋任浩剑桥大学血液病研究所河北省血液中心

一、介绍基因筛选传染源,尤其是病毒,随着各种核酸放大技术,诸如pCR、LCR、NASBA、TMA的应用而成为可能。这些不同的基因放大技术(GATs)体现了基于生物体内核酸复制和修补的原理而完成体外核酸放大的不同途径。CATs被成功地应用于放大... 详细信息

一、介绍基因筛选传染源,尤其是病毒,随着各种核酸放大技术,诸如pCR、LCR、NASBA、TMA的应用而成为可能。这些不同的基因放大技术(GATs)体现了基于生物体内核酸复制和修补的原理而完成体外核酸放大的不同途径。CATs被成功地应用于放大核酸序列,而这种核酸序列不论对于临床相关的微生物,还是基因疾病,都是特异的。因此基因放大试验仍是传染病诊断的主要方法,因为GATs吸收了比传统的方法,如培养法或酶免检测抗原法(EIA),更为敏感的直接检测生物体的优点。另外,以核酸杂交技术为基础的诊断方法有其天然特异性。

关键词：输血机构带病毒血液基因筛送

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制取无水氯化镁的一种新的经济方法

轻金属 1981年第7期 46-48页

作者： Ronald j.allain 徐素珍朱光泉

NalCO化学公司每年大约需要1000万磅以上的金属镁,该公司用这些镁在得克萨斯州自由港(Freeport)化工厂中生产四甲基铅和四乙基铅。在本生产流程中用镁同甲基氯化物或者乙基氯化物进行氯化反应制成格利雅(Grignard)。

关键词：无水氯化镁循环使用循环利用制取经济

French Spine Surgery Society guidelines for management of spinal surgeries during COVID-19 pandemic

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World journal of Clinical Cases 2020年第10期8卷 1756-1762页

作者： Solène prost Yann philippe Charles jérome allain jean-Luc Barat Henri d'Astorg Manuel Delhaye Chistophe Eap Fahed Zairi pierre Guigui Brice Ilharreborde jean Meyblum jean-Charles Le Huec Nicolas Lonjon Guillaume Lot Olivier Hamel Guillaume Riouallon Stéphane Litrico patrick Tropiano Benjamin Blondel Aix-Marseille Université APHMCNRSISMCHU TimoneUnitéde Chirurgie RachidienneMarseille 13005France Service de Chirurgie du Rachis Hopitaux Universitaires de StrasbourgStrasbourg 67200France Institut parisien du dos Paris 75005France Service de Neurochirurgie Hopital privéClairval-Ramsay santéMarseille 13009France Unitéde Chirurgie du Rachis Centre Orthopédique SantyLyon 69008France Centre Francilien du dos Versailles 78000France CHU Reims Hopital Maison BlancheNeurochirurgieReims 51100France Hopital privéLe Bois Ramsay Santé Lille 59000France Hopital Européen Georges-pompidou HEGp Paris 75015France Service de Chirurgie Orthopédique pédiatrique CHU Robert DebréAPHPUniversitéde ParisParis 75019France Service de Chirurgie Orthopédique Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint-JosephParis 75014France polyclinique Bordeaux Nord Aquitaine Bordeaux 33300France Service de Neurochirurgie Hopital Gui de ChauliacMontpellier 34090France Hopital-Fondation Rothschild Service de NeurochirurgieParis 75019France Clinique Des Cèdres Service de Neurochirurgie Chateau D’AlliezCornebarrieu 31700France Hopital paris Saint-joseph Paris 75014France Unitéde Chirurgie Rachidienne Hopital Pasteur 2CHU de NiceNice 06001France

Since the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)in December 2019 in China,various measures have been adopted in order to attenuate the impact of the virus on the *** regard to spine surgery,French physicians are devoted to take place in the national plan against COVID-19,the French Spine Surgery Society therefore decided to elaborate specific guidelines for management of spinal disorders during COVID-19 pandemic in order to prioritize management of patients.A three levels stratification was elaborated with Level I:Urgent surgical indications,Level II:Surgical indications associated to a potential loss of chance for the patient and Level III:Non-urgent surgical *** also report French experience in a COVID-19 cluster region illustrated by two clinical *** hope that the guidelines formulated by the French Spine Surgery Society and the experience of spine surgeons from a cluster region will be helpful in order optimizing the management of patients with urgent spinal conditions during the pandemic.

关键词： COVID-19 Spine Surgery Guidelines Organization Cluster region

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导管广泛应用的评价过程

国外医学（护理学分册） 2005年第9期24卷 521-522页

作者： allain j[英] 刘晓联（摘）刘燕玲（摘）李建东（校）

英国临床医疗部门使用的导管产品种类繁多,这使得对工作人员的持续培训和支持变得复杂.为使得导管评价标准更可信,赫特福德郡NHS对产品的选择推行了标准化.标准化过程是评估产品质量及其价格的过程,其目的是通过使临床工作人员更加熟悉... 详细信息

英国临床医疗部门使用的导管产品种类繁多,这使得对工作人员的持续培训和支持变得复杂.为使得导管评价标准更可信,赫特福德郡NHS对产品的选择推行了标准化.标准化过程是评估产品质量及其价格的过程,其目的是通过使临床工作人员更加熟悉合法产品的种类,保证产品的应用更有效、更经济,从而提高护理质量.

关键词：导管产品种类工作人员医疗部门评价标准产品质量护理质量产品选择替代产品